Home Ownership

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A due-on-sale clause — also known as an alienation clause — is wording commonly found in the fine print of a mortgage agreement. It allows lenders to enforce being repaid for the balance of a home loan when the property is either sold or, in some instances, transferred to another owner. That’s a simple explanation, but there is more to it so let’s dig a bit deeper.

What Is a Due-on-Sale Clause?

Understanding how home loans work is an important part of the home-buying process. Here’s what to know about a due-on-sale clause before you sell or purchase a home:

Definition and Purpose

A mortgage due-on-sale clause or alienation clause requires that the loan be paid in full when the home is sold. You may have heard about assumable mortgages becoming more popular as a way for buyers to sidestep higher interest rates by taking over a seller’s mortgage at a lower-than-typical rate. The due-on-sale clause prevents one buyer’s mortgage from being assumed by whoever purchases the house next.

Lenders began using due-on-sale clauses in the 1970s as interest rates spiked and buyers assumed the seller’s loan instead of applying for a new one with a higher rate. While homeowners won several court battles against this rule during the time, the U.S. Supreme Court ultimately ruled in favor of the banks. Congress formally legalized the due-on-sale clause for mortgages with the Garn-St. Germain Federal Depository Institutions Act in 1982.

Where It’s Found in Mortgage Documents

A due-on-sale clause should be located in your loan agreement. If you can’t find it in your paperwork, it’s worth calling your lender, especially if you plan to sell your house soon. Most, if not all, conventional loans are not assumable, meaning there should be a due-on-sale clause in place.

Some mortgages are assumable, and don’t have this type of clause in the loan agreement. Assumable loans include:

•   FHA loans backed by the Federal Housing Administration

•   VA loans backed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

•   U.S. Department of Agriculture loans

Remember, though, that even if a loan is assumable, the new borrower still needs to qualify for the loan. In many situations, however, they don’t have to go through the whole mortgage process. They simply get to assume the existing mortgage from the original owner. Also note that there are unique FHA flipping rules that you may need to be aware of if purchasing a home that has been owned by the seller for a brief time is a part of your plan.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (844)-763-4466.

Recommended: Choosing a Mortgage Term

How the Due-on-Sale Clause Works

Now that you understand what an alienation clause or due-on-sale clause is, find out how it works so you can avoid lenders invoking this portion of your loan agreement.

Triggering Events

Lenders are notified when ownership of a property securing a loan is transferred. If the seller doesn’t automatically pay off the loan balance at closing, the lender may choose to invoke the due-on-sale clause.

There are a few other situations that would cause a lender to invoke the due-on-sale clause. These include:

•  Transferring the property to a family member without a death or divorce

•  Transferring the property into an irrevocable trust

•  Transferring the property into a lease of more than three years

•  Changing ownership from a personal property to an LLC or vice-versa

•  Creating a junior lien that would lower the lender’s stake in a property

Lender Rights and Actions

In these cases, the lender could require the recipient of the property to transfer the title back to the original owner. The recipient usually has a set amount of time to do this, such as 30 days.

Another option for lenders, however, is to foreclose on the home if the original borrower is unable to provide the remaining mortgage balance. In these situations, refinancing the property or possibly modifying the original loan are also possibilities. (To see how much your monthly payment would likely be after a refinance, use a mortgage calculator.)

Impact on Property Transfers

The due-on-sale clause makes it more difficult to transfer properties to new owners. After the Supreme Court ruling, those recipients must meet certain criteria. Plus, even if they do meet the criteria, they must still qualify for the loan.

Exceptions to the Due-on-Sale Clause

There are exceptions that cause the due-on-sale clause to not take effect. Those exceptions are:

•  Divorce: If the original borrower loses the house in a divorce settlement, the due-on-sale clause should not go into effect.

•  Inheritance: Should the primary borrower die, then their children or surviving spouse can inherit the house without triggering the due-on-sale clause. With the average mortgage length being 30 years, it’s understandable that unique rules had to be put in place to account for buyers dying before their mortgage was fully paid.

•  Joint tenancy: If two or more people jointly own a property, then the death of one owner doesn’t trigger the due-on-sale clause. Instead, whatever portion of the property was owned by the deceased borrower is transferred to the other remaining borrowers.

•  Living trust: When a property is transferred to a living trust, there are no legal ramifications. A living trust is when a trustee is designated by a property owner to manage an estate.

Implications for Buyers and Sellers

If you’re the seller, the due-on-sale clause simply means that whatever money you make in the sale of your house must be adequate to satisfy your remaining loan balance. If it doesn’t, you have to be able to pay off your remaining mortgage obligations with other funds.

For the buyer, the implication of the due-on-sale clause is that the seller will have a minimum price that needs to be met in order for them to sell the home. The original lender must receive the amount it is due, or the house will not be free and clear for sale.

Fortunately, the desire to transfer an existing mortgage to a new borrower who is unrelated to the seller doesn’t happen very often.

Legal Aspects and Enforcement

It’s important to remember that there are situations where the due-on-sale clause cannot be invoked. As noted above, a title transfer that occurs because of a divorce or death usually forbids lenders from seeking immediate repayment. And even if lenders are within their rights, they still must provide ample notification before invoking the due-on-sale clause.

Recommended: Active Contingent in Real Estate: What You Need to Know

The Takeaway

The due-on-sale clause (or alienation clause) limits who can take over an existing mortgage from a homeowner, and it essentially establishes a minimum sales price that a buyer would have to meet in order for a seller to be able to agree to a contract. This is because lenders must always receive any remaining money owed on a mortgage when a home is sold.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Can I transfer my property without triggering the due-on-sale clause?

It depends on the situation, but there are some situations where it can be done, depending on the original loan agreement. For example, it’s often possible to transfer a property during a divorce, and it’s also possible to transfer the property to an immediate family member after the death of the primary borrower.

What happens if I violate the due-on-sale clause?

If you violate the due-on-sale clause, the biggest thing that can happen is that your lender can demand immediate full repayment of your outstanding loan balance. If you are unable to pay, then you are at risk of foreclosure, which can damage your credit score for seven years.

Are there any mortgages without a due-on-sale clause?

It’s rare to find a conventional mortgage without a due-on-sale clause because it’s in the lender’s best interest. However FHA, VA, and USDA loans typically don’t have this clause.

Photo credit: iStock/Perawit Boonchu

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

External Websites: The information and analysis provided through hyperlinks to third-party websites, while believed to be accurate, cannot be guaranteed by SoFi. Links are provided for informational purposes and should not be viewed as an endorsement.

¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.

†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.

This article is not intended to be legal advice. Please consult an attorney for advice.

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Source: sofi.com

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40-year mortgages aren’t exactly what you think they are, and we’re here to clear up the confusion. Yes, a 40-year mortgage is only 10 years longer than the traditional 30-year mortgage, but the increased time to amortize interest makes it significantly more expensive. Though it may seem more affordable on a month-to-month basis, the increased amount of interest you’ll pay over the entire loan makes it hard to pay off the principal and build equity.

Additionally, 40-year mortgages are not backed by the federal government, so it can be hard to find a lender that originates them.

Here’s a deep dive on exactly what they are, how to qualify for one, how much they cost, how they compare with other loan terms, and what factors you’ll want to consider if you’re thinking about a 40-year mortgage.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Questions? Call (844)-763-4466.

Understanding a 40-Year Mortgage

To understand a 40-year mortgage, it’s important to look at how the mortgage market works and where a 40-year mortgage fits. With a traditional 30-year mortgage, the loan is typically sold on the secondary mortgage market to be bundled into securities by government-sponsored enterprises Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.

To be eligible for sale, the loan must meet certain criteria to be considered a “qualified” mortgage. One of these criteria is that the loan term must not be longer than 30 years (the average mortgage term length in the U.S. is three decades). So a 40-year loan isn’t considered a qualified mortgage. You might also see it referred to as a “nonconforming loan.”

Because a 40-year mortgage can’t be backed by the government, it’s harder and more expensive to originate. As a result, this type of mortgage often doesn’t make sense for borrowers or lenders.

Recommended: What Is Mortgage Curtailment?

How a 40-Year Mortgage Works

When lenders do offer 40-year mortgages, there are a number of different ways these loans can be structured.

•  ARM: The 40-year mortgages can be adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) where the interest rate adjusts every five or ten years.

•  Interest-only for 10 years + 30-year term: They can also operate like a 10-year interest-only loan tacked on to the front of a traditional 30-year mortgage.

•  Fixed 40-year term: They can also work as a 40-year fixed loan, much like a 30-year fixed-rate loan.

Most 40-year loans require that the property be owner occupied. But the biggest hurdle you’ll encounter in the mortgage process is finding a lender that offers 40-year mortgages. Qualification works as it does with a 30-year loan, but because the lender has to keep the loan on its books, it will be extra judicious about lending when it comes to a 40-year mortgage.

40-year Loan Modification

If you’re reading up on 40-year mortgages, you may run across the term as it relates to home loan modifications. Borrowers with FHA loans (from the Federal Housing Administration) who got into financial trouble during the COVID-19 pandemic may have the opportunity to have their loans modified (or “recast”) into 40-year loans.

Advantages and Disadvantages

With a typical 40-year mortgage, it’s clear what the advantage is because there’s only one: a lower monthly payment. A lower monthly payment may make buying a home possible for some borrowers, so it’s tempting to look at a 40-year mortgage despite the drawbacks.

The lone pro, as well as the risks and drawbacks of a 40-year mortgage, can be summarized as follows:

Pros Cons
Lower monthly payment Pay more in interest over a 40-year term
May have a higher interest rate
Builds equity more slowly
Hard to find a lender who offers this loan type

Qualifying for a 40-Year Mortgage

Qualifying for a 40-year mortgage is similar to qualifying for other types of mortgages. In addition to the loan type and interest rate the lender can offer you, other mortgage qualification factors may include:

•  Credit score. There is no minimum score required specifically for 40-year mortgages but generally, the better the score, the better your rate.

•  Income verification. The lender will examine your employment history and how reliable your source of income is.

•  Debt-to-income ratio. How much debt you have affects how large a mortgage you can take on. Higher debt equals less borrowing power.

•  Down payment. The down payment affects the loan-to-value ratio, which affects how much the lender is willing to lend and what rate it will offer.

Recommended: How to Get a Home Loan

Comparing 40-Year Mortgage to Other Loan Terms

When you look at the costs on a 40-year mortgage, it becomes very clear what the tradeoff is. Here is an example using interest rates available in August 2024. Note that the 40-year example has a rate that adjusts every five years, so the total interest paid is an estimate.

Mortgage amount Interest rate Monthly payment (principal and interest only) Total interest paid over the term
40-year 5/5 adjustable rate mortgage $450,000 6.625% $2,674.73 $833,870.52
30-year fixed mortgage $450,000 6.500% $2,844.31 $573,950.20
15-year fixed mortgage $450,000 6.250% $3,858.40 $244,512.52

For a 40-year loan, you’ll pay $833,870.52 in interest for a $450,000 mortgage. In total, that’s $1,283,870.52 you’ll pay for the $450,000 loan.

The monthly payment on a 40-year mortgage is only about $200 less for a $450,000 mortgage. All told, you would save nearly $300,000 by choosing a mortgage term of 30 years vs. a 40-year mortgage. Borrowers who opt for the lowest payment with an idea that they would pay off the mortgage early would be wise to make sure they understand whether there are prepayment penalties before signing on the loan.

Factors to Consider with a 40-Year Mortgage

Because of how much more you’ll pay for a 40-year mortgage vs. 30-year mortgage, a 40-year loan comes with some serious considerations.

Long Repayment Period

A 40-year mortgage loan will take much longer to pay off. And because you’re paying a greater percentage of interest in the beginning of your loan, it will be hard to pay down the principal for quite some time.

Building Equity Is Difficult

As noted above, a 40-year mortgage loan makes building equity more difficult because of the increased interest costs. Difficulty building equity can make it harder to move because you may not have adequate profits from the home sale to make a down payment on your next home. It can also make refinancing challenging.

Interest Costs Are High

When you look at a mortgage calculator, you may be quite shocked at how much more interest you’ll pay on a 40-year mortgage when compared to a 30-year mortgage, as illustrated previously.

When a 40-Year Mortgage Makes Sense

A 40-year mortgage could make sense if:

•  You plan to refinance to a different mortgage term in the future. If you need to keep monthly costs as low as possible and refinance at a later date, such as when you’re renovating your home, then you may want to consider a 40-year mortgage.

•  It makes a difference in home affordability. If the difference between buying a home and not buying a home is a 40-year mortgage, you’re probably thinking about the 40-year mortgage. Hopefully, you could refinance down the line and save yourself a large chunk of money.

As mentioned previously, the high cost of a 40-year mortgage is a major drawback. The total amount of the mortgage works out to be hundreds of thousands more when compared with a traditional 30-year mortgage. Be sure you’re aware of the increased costs and risks before committing to a 40-year mortgage.

The Takeaway

The 40-year mortgage isn’t common and there are few scenarios where it makes sense. When you compare a 30-year mortgage with a 40-year mortgage, you’ll only pay a couple hundred dollars more per month on a 30-year mortgage, but you’ll save hundreds of thousands of dollars over the life of the loan. If you’re considering a 40-year mortgage, consult a lender you trust. They will have many tools at their disposal for helping you afford a home of your own.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Are 40-year mortgages widely available?

No, 40-year mortgages are not common because they aren’t considered conforming, qualified mortgages. Qualified mortgages follow guidelines set by the government so they’re less risky and able to be bought by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. A 40-year mortgage falls outside the maximum allowable 30-year term for a qualified mortgage.

Can I refinance a 40-year mortgage later?

Yes, you can refinance a 40-year mortgage at a later date, provided you can qualify for the new loan you’re applying for.

Is a 40-year mortgage a good option for first-time homebuyers?

There are serious downsides to a 40-year mortgage. It may have a more affordable monthly payment than a 15- or 30-year mortgage, but you’ll have a hard time building equity (which is important for first-time homebuyers) and you’ll pay much more in interest over 40 years than you would 30 years.

Photo Credit: iStock/gradyreese

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.

SOHL-Q324-022

Source: sofi.com

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Working with a professional real estate agent can make buying or selling a home easier. After all, they are likely to be well versed in the ins and outs of your area, how to best negotiate in the current market, and how to access any other resources (say, a home inspector) that you may need.

Working with a professional real estate agent can make buying or selling a home easier. After all, they are likely to be well versed in the ins and outs of your area, how to best negotiate in the current market, and how to access any other resources (say, a home inspector) that you may need.

While there may be some agents you hit it off with personally, this isn’t a friendship you’re pursuing but an important business relationship. It’s a collaboration that could impact both your finances and your stress level.

No matter which side of a real estate transaction you’re on (buying or selling), it can be wise to have the right professional in your corner. Eighty-nine percent of homes sold in the U.S. involve an agent or a Realtor®, according to a 2023 report. (Realtors are agents who belong to the National Association of Realtors, or NAR.)

If you’re on the hunt for an agent, it’s important to know what to ask to identify the right match. Read on to learn questions to ask, whether you’re buying or selling a property — or doing both at once. (This is a lengthy list of interview questions for real estate, so pick and choose the questions that resonate the most.)

Table of Contents

Key Points

•   Interviewing realtors requires asking targeted questions to assess their suitability for your real estate needs.

•   Experience, local market knowledge, and client load are critical factors to inquire about.

•   Understanding a realtor’s team structure and communication methods is essential for collaboration.

•   Specific questions about buying or selling processes help gauge a realtor’s expertise and alignment with your goals.

•   Discussing contract terms and fees upfront avoids future misunderstandings and ensures financial clarity.

How to Interview a Realtor

First, a bit about terminology: Not all real estate agents are Realtors, but for the purposes of this article, we’ll sometimes use the two terms interchangeably.

There are different options for interviewing Realtors. You could schedule an interview:

•   Over the phone

•   In person

•   Virtually via Zoom or Skype.

You might aim to interview at least three agents for comparison’s sake, though you may choose to interview more or fewer.

Create a list of interview questions beforehand to help you stay on track, and begin researching a home loan so you will have a sense of your budget. By the time the interview process is over, you should understand:

•   What the agent’s personality and character are like: Is this person supportive and positive? Do they sound rushed and distracted?

•   What kind of services they offer and what experience they bring to the table.

•   How much you’ll pay for their help.

You’ll learn about how to do this in more depth as you read on.

Recommended: Tips When Shopping for a Mortgage

What to Ask About a Realtor’s Background

Any real estate agent you choose to work with should have the professional qualifications you’re looking for. But it’s also important to get a sense of who they are as an individual to avoid personality clashes. Here are some questions to ask as you evaluate an agent who might help you buy or sell a home.

1. How Long Have You Been a Realtor?

It helps to understand how long an agent you’re considering working with has been buying or selling homes. The median real estate experience of all Realtors is eight years, according to NAR.

Working with an agent who’s newer to the profession isn’t necessarily a bad thing. But one who’s more experienced may be more adept at handling any challenges that arise when buying or selling a home.

2. How Well Do You Know the Local Market?

A Realtor who knows a particular area and its local housing market trends can offer an advantage when buying or selling. Ideally, you should work with an agent who understands the local market and what trends drive it.

The more informed they are, the better equipped they are to do things like comparative market analysis, which can give you a sense of how home prices in the area are trending. They will also likely know details like, say, which parts of town are more prone to flooding than others.

Recommended: Local Housing Market Trends: Popular neighborhoods, home prices, and demographics

3. How Many Clients Do You Work With at One Time?

The answer can give you an idea of how much time an agent will be able to dedicate to working with you. Especially if you ask the follow-up question, “And how many clients do you currently have?”

4. Do You Work Alone or as Part of a Team?

Keep in mind that you may not be working with your Realtor alone to finalize the purchase or sale of a home. Agents may have a team of individuals they work with, including office managers, personal assistants, or marketing directors, who may reach out to you during the process.

Asking who else you may be connected with can help you avoid surprises if you decide to enter into a working relationship with a particular agent.

5. How Will We Communicate and How Often?

Being able to communicate with an agent is important to keep the process moving. Plenty of Realtors email and text to keep in touch with clients. If you’re the kind of person who prefers phone calls or in-person meetings, it’s good to identify communication styles up front and make sure they are in sync.

6. Do You Specialize in Buying or Selling?

Some real estate agents may choose to work exclusively with buyers, while others work only with sellers. And some can act as dual agents, representing both the buyer and seller in the same transaction. Dual agency is rare, and it’s illegal in several states. A dual agent can’t take sides or give advice.

The answer to this question will help you get a better idea of whether the agent is attuned to your side of a real estate transaction. Ideally, you want someone who is passionate about your deal, whether that’s finding the perfect house with a picket fence or selling the condo you’ve outgrown.

7. How Many Transactions Did You Close Last Year?

Asking this question can give you an idea of an agent’s overall success rate and the volume of transactions they handle.

The median number of residential transactions Realtors took part in per year in 2023 is 10. If you’re interviewing agents with closings well below that number, it could be a sign that they aren’t always successful in closing deals. If their number is much higher, it could mean they are super busy and you might not get as much attention as with another agent.

8. How Long Does It Normally Take You to Close a Deal?

Once the seller and the buyer of a property have signed their purchase agreement, closing on a home can take anywhere from a week (for an all-cash offer) to a couple of months (for those involving a mortgage) to close. As of mid-2024, the average closing time on a house was 43 days after an offer was accepted, reports ICE Mortgage Technology, Inc.

Asking a Realtor what their average closing time is can give you an idea of how efficiently and diligently they work to satisfy their clients.

If their average closing time is closer to four or six months, for example, that could be a red flag, though some deals do wind up being more complicated than others.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

9. What Are the Terms of Your Contract?

Working with a Realtor means entering into a contract, and it’s important to know what that contract says. These documents may be more common when you work with a broker to sell a home, but there are also buyer’s agreements.

These ensure that if they invest the time scanning the market for you, scheduling walk-throughs, and negotiating on your behalf, you won’t then complete the deal with, say, a relative of yours who just got their real-estate license.

When you are selling a house, you’ll sign a document agreeing that the agent will handle the sale. Once you sign a contract you’re typically locked in to working with them unless they agree to release you.

The listing agreement will last for a set period, such as three or six months. From your perspective, shorter may be better so that you’re not trapped if you don’t like the agent’s services.

10. What Fees Do You Charge?

Closely connected to contracts is the topic of money. How does it change hands? What are you liable for? Historically, real estate agents worked on commission, and the fee was paid by the seller. Now, real estate commission fees are changing, and while sellers will still likely pay agents a commission, there is no guarantee that the seller will pay the buyer’s agent. If you’re buying, you’ll need to discuss a fee structure with an agent before you begin working together. It might be an hourly fee, or perhaps a flat rate. Some agents may request a percentage of the home price.

Recommended: Do You Still Need to Put a 20% Down Payment on a House?

Questions to Ask a Realtor When You Are Selling

If you’re selling your home, here are some questions to ask to help ensure that you partner with the right agent.

11. What’s Your Typical Marketing Strategy?

A real estate agent should have a clear plan for listing and marketing your home in a way that produces the greatest odds of success in selling it quickly and at your desired price point. Let the agent you are interviewing tell you about their strategy and the results it yields.

For instance, does the Realtor believe in listing at a low price in the hopes of starting a bidding war? If so, what kinds of prices has this achieved? Where will your listing be posted? Will videos be created? Will there be an open house?

These kinds of questions can help you see if you are impressed by and aligned with how a Realtor likes to market homes.

12. Will You Handle Staging and Prep Work?

If you’re selling a home, staging it could help influence buyers’ perceptions of the property and potentially net you a higher sale price.

Staging is something you can do yourself, but your Realtor may have a staging company they work with to get the job done.

Asking about staging or small cosmetic updates, such as painting, can help you figure out what you’ll be responsible for to get your home ready for the market. There’s a price tag attached to all improvements, so you’ll want to know the numbers to be better prepared.

13. How Do You Handle Viewings?

The use of digital tools such as virtual tours have made properties more accessible to more buyers. One survey by Zillow found that almost 40% of Millenials would be comfortable buying a home online vs. in person.

See if your agent plans to create a virtual tour, but you also want to be prepared for the majority of buyers who want to visit in person. Ask Realtors how many viewings they typically schedule in a day or a week, how often open houses will be scheduled, and how they’ll be marketed.

Questions to Ask a Realtor When You Are Buying

Now you’ve learned the questions to ask a Realtor when selling. How about the other side of the deal? Whether you’re shopping for a starter home or trading up, here are a couple of important questions to ask a potential real estate agent when preparing to buy a house.

14. What Happens When I’m Ready to Make an Offer?

If you’re a buyer, agents should be able to walk you through how this process works, what to do if the seller makes a counteroffer, and what you’ll need to do next if your offer is accepted. You also want to check if they have experience with successfully navigating bidding wars, which can happen in hot markets and with well-priced properties.

Also check that they can advise you on how much earnest money you might need to pay and how to find a good, affordable home inspector, as these are important aspects of the homebuying process.

15. Will You Help Me With Getting a Mortgage?

This question will shed more light on a prospective agent’s network and experience. Agents may be able to offer recommendations for mortgage lenders. They may also be willing to communicate with your lender if there are questions about the property or the offer during underwriting.

You’re not obligated to use your Realtor’s recommended lender. In fact, it’s helpful to compare mortgage loan terms and interest rates from multiple lenders to find the option that best fits your needs.

The Takeaway

Due diligence in the search for the right real estate agent may mean interviewing a few of them and not automatically going with a friend of a friend. It’s important to know how to interview a Realtor and which questions to ask, so you can pair up with the best possible professional as you navigate this major transaction.

If you’re a buyer, once you’ve found an agent, you can turn your attention to next steps: finding a home (and a home loan) that suits your needs.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What are the benefits of using a real estate agent to buy a house?

Having an agent to survey the available properties and recommend the ones that suit your needs could certainly save you time, and agents often have local market expertise and the inside scoop on properties that might be headed to market. An agent should also be well versed in the negotiation process (especially useful in a seller’s market) and able to help coordinate the many moving parts that lead to a closing.

What should a homebuyer do before talking to a real estate agent?

It’s wise to have an idea of your budget before consulting a real estate agent. You can prequalify for a mortgage with a few lenders to get a sense of what you might be able to borrow. Also do research online about your desired town or neighborhood to get a sense of where you would like to live. And know your non-negotiables — minimum number of bedrooms, whether you prefer an old home or new construction, for example.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOHL-Q324-054

Source: sofi.com

Apache is functioning normally

Thanks to high demand and inflation, the cost of home repairs has been on the rise in recent years. In 2023, the average household spent $2,458 on maintenance and $1,667 on emergency repairs, according to Angi’s State of Home Spending Report. The report also found that total spending across home improvement, maintenance, and emergency repairs increased 6% compared to 2022.

The most common home repairs include the usual suspects: electrical, plumbing, HVAC, water damage, and termite damage. Keep reading to learn more about these issues and the cost of repair or replacement, so you can be prepared when reality bites.

Estimated Cost of the Most Common Home Repairs

Low-cost preventive measures — like cleaning your gutters or getting your heating and cooling systems serviced annually — can help keep common home repair costs down. But even with the best preparation, surprises (like a busted pipe or roof leak) happen, and when they do, you can be on the hook for thousands of dollars. Whether you’re a new or longtime homeowner, it’s a good idea to plan for — and budget for — home repairs.

Below is a roundup of the most common home repairs and average costs.

Recommended: How to Pay for Emergency Home Repairs

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Foundation Repair

A number of different issues can occur with foundations, some of which are more serious (aka, costly) than others. Among the most common problems are foundation cracks, which can be caused by house settling or changes in soil pressure around the home. Cracks can lead to water damage or cause the walls in your foundation or home to bow. Foundations can also begin to sink, due to changing weather patterns, nearby tree roots, or erosion.

Since the foundation is the footprint of your home, repairs can be complicated and expensive. According to Angi, foundation repair costs can range anywhere from $2,196 to $7,921.

Average cost of foundation repair: $5,056

Electrical Issues

While there are many home repairs you can safely DIY, electrical issues and wiring are generally best left to professional electricians. Working with live wires can be dangerous and faulty electrical work can be a significant fire hazard. Some signs you may need to call an electrician include:

•   Burning smell coming from an outlet

•   Buzzing or sizzling noises coming from an outlet

•   Flickering lights

•   Outlets feel hot to the touch

•   You have 2- rather than 3-prong outlets

•   Circuit breaker continually trips

•   Appliances spark when plugged in

Depending on the length and complexity of the job, the cost of hiring an electrician ranges between $163 and $535. Installing a new outlet can run $200 to $300, for example, while replacing a breaker panel can cost anywhere from $520 to $2,120.

Average cost of electrical repairs: $348

Recommended: What Is the Cost to Rewire a House?

Roof Repair

Your roof protects your home from the elements, so it’s important to keep it in top condition. If you notice any damage or signs of wear and tear, you’ll want to address them sooner rather than later. This can help prevent small problems from becoming serious and expensive. Signs that your roof may be compromised include broken, cracked, curling, or missing shingles, and any interior signs of water damage (such as dark spots or discoloration on walls or ceiling and/or mold or rotting wood in the attic).

The cost of a roof repair will depend on your home’s location, roofing material, size of your home, and the type of roof. On average, costs run between $391 and $1,901. By contrast, a full roof replacement can run between $5,900 to $12,900. Due to the significant price difference, you would generally only invest in a new roof if the damage to your existing roof is extensive or the roof is near the end of its life.

Average cost of roof repairs: $1,133

Repair or Replace a Water Heater

Due to mineral buildup and the routine breakdown of components, water heaters do not last forever. Depending on how extensive the repairs your water heater requires, you can be on the hook for a new unit entirely. And if you’ve ever taken a cold shower in the middle of winter, you know this is one repair that is essential to your quality of life.

On average, homeowners spend anywhere from $221 to $980 on water heater repairs. Your actual bill will depend on the cost of the part needed for the fix, how much your local water heater professional charges for labor, and the length of the job. Where you live and where the water heater is located in your home can also impact costs.

Average cost of water heater repairs: $600

Water Damage

Water damage is fairly common. It can result from a crack in an old pipe, a leaky roof, an unusually strong storm, or sewage backup. To prevent mold growth and further damage, it’s best to fix the issue and clear out moisture as soon as you spot it.

Water damage restoration can involve replacing wallboard, flooring, and/or ceilings, as well as ensuring that no mold spores are left behind to spread once the repairs are complete. Two important factors influencing price are the square footage affected and the type of water (i.e., whether it’s clean or has been contaminated with potentially harmful substances). The cost of water damage restoration generally ranges between $1,300 and $5,600.

Average cost to fix water damage: $3,300

Replacing Pipes

Replacing older pipes is a common home repair often needed after a home inspection. Common problems include dated construction materials with a known problem in their manufacturing, signs of corrosion, clogs, and leaks. And because pipes run behind walls and underground, repair costs often include patching up interior holes and dug-up yards.

The good news is that not all leaks, burst pipes, and signs of corrosion require replacing large amounts of plumbing. Often, a plumber can replace a small section of the pipe affected by the damage. The cost to install pipes for a repair ranges from $370 to $2,108, though it can run higher if the damaged pipes are difficult to access.

Average cost to install pipes: $1,237

Recommended: Renovation vs Remodel: What’s the Difference?

Septic System Repair

A septic tank contains and filters household wastewater. If it is damaged or not functioning properly, it’s important to deal with the problem quickly — otherwise, you could be dealing with a smelly and costly mess. Sewage backups can occur when the septic tank becomes clogged or full, there’s a problem with devices within the tank, or there’s a blockage in the home’s main drain line leading to the tank.

Depending on the type of repair, tank size, permits, and other factors, the cost of a septic tank repair runs, on average, between $630 and $3,035. A small fix like repairing a septic tank lid could cost less ($150 to $500); but if you need to replace the tank, you could be looking at a bill as high as $9,500.

Average cost to repair a septic system: $1,831

Heating or Air Conditioning Repair

Your home’s HVAC (which stands for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning) system plays a key role in keeping your home comfortable to live in. Though there are many different types of HVAC systems, they generally all work by using energy to heat or cool the air to a desired temperature. The system may also add/remove moisture and filter your home’s indoor air.

An HVAC system typically has two main components: a heater (which could be a furnace, boiler, or heat pump) and an air conditioning (AC) unit. The type of system you have and the component that’s broken will significantly influence the cost of repairs. For example, an AC system repair can run anywhere from $450 to $2,000, while a furnace repair tends to run between $130 and $1,200. On average, homeowners spend between $130 and $2,000 on HVAC repairs.

Average cost to fix a heating or air conditioning system: $350

Mold Removal

Mold develops inside homes as a result of moisture and can lead to health problems. Signs that you may have a mold problem include:

•   Musty odor in a specific area

•   Discoloration on the walls

•   Peeling, cracking, or warping of floors or walls

•   Leaks or water damage

•   Darkening around tile grout

•   Worsening of allergy symptoms

While you may be able to remove small amounts of mold yourself (provided you’re certain the mold isn’t toxic), often the best option is to hire a mold remediation professional.

The cost for mold removal will vary widely depending on where it is located in your home. Mold growth in hard-to-reach areas, like drywall or your HVAC system, generally costs more to remediate since it can require more time, materials, and labor. The size of the infestation and the type of mold that is growing also influence costs. On average, mold removal runs between $373 and $7,000.

Average cost of mold removal: $2,362

Termite Damage

The problem with termites is that they literally eat away at your house. They can also eat through your budget: The cost to repair termite damage can range anywhere from $1,000 to $10,000 or even more.

Generally, the longer termites chew on the wooden structure of your home, the more costly the repair will be, so it’s key to recognize — and deal with — any signs of a termite infestation early. If you catch a termite problem early, for example, you may only need to replace a few damaged boards or joists, which can run from $250 to $1,000. If the problem goes on for a while, however, you may need to replace damaged walls, framing, or floors — at a cost of $1,000 to $3,000. Worst-case scenario: Termites do enough damage to your home’s infrastructure (like beams or load-bearing walls) that it becomes structurally unsound. A major termite repair job can run from $3,000 to $10,000-plus.

Average cost to repair termite damage: $3,000

Average Cost of Home Repairs

Trying to predict — and budget for — home repairs can be challenging. However, there are several rules of thumb that can help homeowners:

•   The 1% Rule. One common guideline is to set aside approximately 1% of your home’s value annually for home maintenance. So if your home is worth $500,000, you’d want to have $5,000 tucked away in savings to cover general upkeep and repairs for the year.

•   The Square Foot Rule. Since a larger home typically costs more to maintain than a smaller one, another formula is to use the square footage of your home to estimate maintenance and repair costs. With this approach, you set aside $1 for every square foot of livable space. So if your home is 2,300 square feet, you would want to have $2,300 in savings earmarked for home repair costs.

•   The 10% Rule. With this rule of thumb, you put aside 10% of all your main monthly expenses (such as mortgage, taxes, and insurance) for your monthly home maintenance budget. For example, if your mortgage is $1500/month, taxes are $300/month, and insurance is $150/month (a total of $1950), your budget for home maintenance would be roughly $195 per month or $2,340 a year.

If you don’t have enough savings to cover the cost of a necessary home repair, there are financing options, including home equity lines of credit (HELOC) and credit cards (though this can be an expensive choice).

You can also use a personal loan to cover the cost of home repairs or improvements. Available through banks, credit unions, and online lenders, this type of loan (sometimes called a home improvement loan) typically doesn’t require any type of collateral or home equity. However, you usually need good to excellent credit to qualify.

The Takeaway

It’s tough to predict the cost of home repairs. Different budgeting standards suggest putting aside 1% of your home’s value or $1 per square foot annually. In 2023, the average household spent $2,458 on maintenance costs and $1,667 on emergency repairs. Among the priciest home repairs are major foundation work (up to $7,921), roof replacement (as much as $12,900), and septic tank replacement (which can run $9,500). Even expenses like fixing termite damage or replacing a broken water heater can all but consume your savings.

Think twice before turning to high-interest credit cards. Consider a SoFi personal loan instead. SoFi offers competitive fixed rates and same-day funding. Checking your rate takes just a minute.

SoFi’s Personal Loan was named NerdWallet’s 2024 winner for Best Personal Loan overall.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOPL-Q324-035

Source: sofi.com

Apache is functioning normally

Perhaps the idea of home ownership sounds appealing, but the thought of all the maintenance involved — inside and out — doesn’t sound so great. Dealing with snow removal or tending to your lawn might be the last thing you want to add to your already full plate.

If that resonates, buying a home that has a homeowners association, or HOA, might be the right move. Whether you’re shopping for a condo or a 3-bedroom house in a new development, an HOA could be a valuable thing. These organizations, funded by dues, take care of many of those maintenance responsibilities, run shared facilities (like a pool), and create guidelines (and enforce them) for the community of homeowners.

That said, interacting with an HOA and following its guidelines may not be for everyone. Read on to learn:

•   What is an HOA, or homeowners association

•   How do HOAs work

•   How much are HOA dues

•   What are the pros and cons of HOAs

•   How will HOA fees impact your costs as a homeowner

What Is an HOA (Homeowners Association)?

An HOA is typically a non-profit volunteer group that manages aspects of homeownership in certain planned unit developments (PUDs), condos, and other housing communities. The HOA collects fees from each member of the community and uses them to handle maintenance duties and amenities. These may include:

•   Landscaping and maintenance of walkways and the like

•   Pest control

•   Maintenance and utilities of shared spaces, such as lounges and pool areas

•   Garbage pickup

•   Parking

•   Security

Another answer to “What is an HOA?” should mention that these associations typically make enforceable rules about the look and feel of the community. There may be guidelines about, say, the size of pets one may own, or the color schemes permissible for a townhome’s exterior. The existence of an HOA will be an important consideration when you are shopping for a place to live and HOA fees need to be built into a homebuyer’s financial plan, just like home loan payments.

Recommended: Condo vs. Townhouse: 9 Major Differences

How Does an HOA Work?

HOAs can be staffed in different ways. They can be run by people owning property within its boundaries, run by a board of directors, or through a similar arrangement, with board designees elected to oversee and enforce HOA rules.

Many HOAs are incorporated, which makes them subject to the laws of the state and may require them to file annual reports with the corporation commission, in order to remain in good standing.

People who purchase properties within an HOA jurisdiction become members of that organization, and they must abide by the rules contained within that organization’s bylaws and Declaration of Covenants, Conditions, and Restrictions (CC&Rs).

HOA rules, fees and restrictions vary. Some bylaws and CC&Rs are strict, while others are looser, typically focusing on how residents must keep properties maintained according to stated specifications. In a planned unit subdivision of single-family homes, for example, rules may include what types of landscaping are permitted, or exterior colors of paint, what kinds of fencing is allowed, and more.

They can include usage rules for common property, such as a pool, and typically outline penalties for rule violations, ranging from forcing a homeowner to comply to fees and, sometimes, litigation.

How Common Are HOAs?

Here are some recent statistics that will help you get an idea of how common HOAs currently are in the U.S.:

•   Approximately 75.5 million Americans live in HOAs, cooperatives, or condominium units.

•   30% of all U.S. homeowners live in HOA communities.

•   28.2 million housing units in America are part of HOA communities.

As you see, HOAs are quite popular.

What Is an HOA Fee?

Now that you know a bit about what is a homeowners association, let’s look at those fees they charge. People who buy property in an HOA-governed condo or community usually must pay dues — also known as HOA fees — typically due monthly. These fees help to maintain common areas of buildings, such as lobbies and patios, and perhaps community clubhouses. These fees can cover maintenance on elevators or swimming pools, if applicable, or could be used for landscaping expenses, and so forth. Additional special assessments may be charged for major repairs, such as roof repairs.

Some studies suggest that average HOA fees range from $200 to $400 per month, although they can be as low as $50 and as high as $2,500 or more. It depends on the HOA complex, where it is, what amenities the project maintains, and sometimes on how the individual HOA is managed.

What’s most important when shopping for a new home is that you are clear about what fees would be assessed on your individual unit and whether that fits your budget.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

When Considering an HOA Property

When considering whether or not to buy a property within a homeowners association, it makes sense to understand what you’d be committing to if you bought this property.

To get an understanding of how the organization operates, you can ask the board of directors if you could read minutes from meetings — if you have a real estate agent, they should be able to help you access records. This may give you a good overview of any challenges the organization is facing, and insights into how solutions are brainstormed and implemented.

Questions to investigate can include:

•   What are the HOA fees each month? What do they cover?

•   If the fees seem low, does it appear as though enough funds are collected to maintain general areas? What about meeting rooms, the gym, pool area, and so forth?

•   If the HOA fees are higher than expected, do they seem excessive for what you’d get in return?

•   Are homeowners also being charged special assessments to cover other costs? If so, how often and what are they?

•   How many units are not paying their HOA fees? What are the consequences for that? Are penalties being imposed?

•   If certain units don’t pay their HOA fees, can these unpaid costs be imposed upon other owners to make up the difference?

•   If desired, will you be allowed to sublet your unit? Over what term and with what restrictions?

•   Are you allowed to have a pet? If so, what restrictions exist? Ask to read a copy of the CC&Rs which is recorded public information.

•   Does pending litigation exist against the HOA? If so, of what type? Does it involve, say, damage to one unit, or does it affect the entire organization?

If you have friends or family members who are part of this HOA, consider asking them what they like about living there, and what they don’t. If you have a friend or family member who owns housing under a different HOA, chat with them as well. Their insights can be valuable in regards to what questions to ask and issues to explore before buying.

You can also review the bylaws, which usually share voting rights of members, budget and assessment rules, meeting requirements, and so forth. Check to see what actions can be taken without a member vote — if they include raising assessments or creating rules, this could have an impact on your buying decision.

Recommended: Mortgage Servicing: Everything You Need to Know

Pros vs Cons of HOAs

There are several benefits of buying a property that’s part of an HOA. Consider these upsides:

•   Guidelines to help maintain the look of the community, settle issues, and create harmony among residents.

•   Enhanced quality of life and property values.

•   Maintenance services so homeowners don’t need to do the work themselves or hire freelance help.

That said, there are also possible drawbacks to being part of an HOA. These can include:

•   The cost of the HOAs fees can be prohibitively expensive, and the possibility of assessments can be financially challenging.

•   Potentially restrictive guidelines that inhibit your freedom over your property (that is, you may not be allowed to have a certain kind of pet or put in solar panels).

•   Those who run the HOA may be volunteers vs. skilled real estate professionals, which could lead to inefficiencies.

Can You Afford to Buy into an HOA?

When shopping for a new home or condo, one key consideration is how much you can afford for a house — with the true cost being more than just principal, interest, and homeowners insurance. If you are considering properties that have HOA charges, it’s vital to factor those in to make sure your budget is manageable.

You’ll need a down payment on the home. There are also property taxes, insurance, closing costs (which can run from 3% to 5% of the home’s cost, paid by the buyer and/or seller according to the contract). And there are expenses other than closing costs such as moving expenses, furniture costs, and more that should be considered as you grapple with how much you can afford.

Plus, you might want to have an emergency fund established for unexpected expenses, whether unanticipated housing repairs, or medical expenses, or something else entirely.

To help you figure out that affordable house payment number, you could check out our mortgage calculator.

Recommended: What Credit Score Is Needed to Buy a House?

What to Know About Mortgages and HOAs

There’s one more wrinkle to the topic of what is a homeowners association and should you buy into one: the impact it may have on securing your mortgage.

When you buy a property that is part of an HOA, you may need additional documentation for your lender. If your bid is accepted, the lender will likely request a homeowners association certification, called an HOA cert for short. This document provides your lender with a snapshot of how the HOA is being run, and may provide information such as:

•   How old the project is

•   Whether a condominium development was converted from an apartment building or specifically built as condo units

•   How many units exist in the project

•   How many units are occupied

•   How many occupied units are owner occupied and how many are rented to someone else

•   How much HOA fees are

•   The amount of insurance on the project

If this information is requested, it will likely be reviewed to confirm that this property meets the lender’s loan eligibility guidelines. Because guidelines can vary from lender to lender and loan program to loan program, it makes sense to check with your lender of choice as soon as possible to determine if this financial institution considers your condo to be eligible for financing.

The HOA cert may also be obtained by the escrow/title company and provided to your lender, along with the relevant CC&Rs. This provides insight into any property restrictions and other aspects that may affect a home’s lendability and marketability.

Recommended: Home Loan vs. Mortgage: What You Should Know

The Takeaway

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Why do HOAs exist?

Homeowners associations exist to manage and maintain common areas, to enforce community rules, and to collect and manage the finances used for community upkeep. Many people who participate in HOAs expect the association to help enhance their property values.

How much are HOA fees?

HOA fees vary widely based on the amenities offered by the development but most people can expect to pay at least $200 to $300 per month.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

SOHL-Q324-051

Source: sofi.com

Apache is functioning normally

A blanket mortgage is a special type of real estate financing that can be helpful when someone wants to buy multiple properties at once. Developers, investors, and house flippers may find blanket loans beneficial.

Here’s more about how they work and their pros and cons.

What Is a Blanket Mortgage?

A blanket loan is a single mortgage loan that uses more than one piece of residential or commercial real estate as collateral.

The borrower can sell one of the properties while keeping the rest under the loan. Then the mortgagor can sell a second property, a third one, and so forth while still keeping the financing intact for the loan’s entire term.

You may be able to negotiate a blanket mortgage that lets you buy, sell, or substitute properties with minimal angst.

Recommended: Investment Property Guide

How Does a Blanket Mortgage Work?

A developer, for example, may find a large lot to subdivide into smaller ones, creating a new housing subdivision, under a blanket loan financing structure.

As general contractors or families buy the individual lot or lots they want to build on, those lots could be released from the developer’s blanket mortgage, with unsold lots remaining under the blanket loan.

As another example, someone who buys fixer-uppers, renovates them, and sells them for a profit may buy several properties of interest and finance them with a blanket mortgage. Each property that is refurbished and sold can be released from the blanket mortgage loan.

If a blanket mortgage comes with a release clause, the proceeds from a property the borrower sells can be used to buy another property.

Lenders can create their own terms, so it’s important to be clear about a loan’s parameters. They will want to know about each of the properties involved, their intended use, where they’re located, and their condition. If a housing development is being planned, the lender will want proof of the borrower’s experience.

Recommended: How to Buy a Multifamily Property With No Money Down

Pros and Cons of a Blanket Mortgage

Each of the different types of mortgages comes with pros and cons. That’s true of a blanket mortgage, too.

Pros Cons
Developers, investors, and the like can expand their portfolios in ways that can circumvent any limit on the number of mortgages that one borrower can take out. The borrower needs to close on just one loan, which can save them money on closing costs. Lenders will require anywhere from 25% to 50% down.
Only one credit approval is involved, and fewer monthly payments need to be made. The borrower may need to have significant assets and excellent credit to qualify.
If the loan is set up with a balloon structure, payments may be low during a predetermined time frame, perhaps interest only. If the blanket mortgage is set up as a balloon loan, a large amount may be owed when the term ends.
The interest rate may be more attractive than separate loan rates, which can lead to lower monthly payments (and contribute to better cash flow). If the borrower defaults on one property, the lender may attempt to foreclose on all properties covered by the mortgage.

Recommended: Home Loan Help Center

Should You Consider a Blanket Mortgage?

Possibly. If you’re qualified and you want to buy multiple properties with one mortgage, selling them and releasing them from the loan as they are individually sold, then a blanket loan may make sense.

Blanket mortgages can be elusive. If a blanket loan seems like a good choice, you can inquire about one with banks that offer commercial loans or talk to a mortgage broker.

Any lender or broker you contact should be able to answer your mortgage questions.

The Takeaway

Blanket mortgages are a specialty type of loan used by developers, real estate investors, and house flippers when they want to put multiple properties under a single loan. Blanket loans have pros and cons. Qualifying for one isn’t for the faint of heart.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

What is an example of a blanket mortgage?

If someone wants to buy fixer-upper homes to rehab and resell, they may use a blanket loan to purchase several of them at once. As a home gets refurbished and sold, that property is released from the blanket loan while the other properties are still funded.

Is it hard to get a blanket mortgage?

Lenders will typically want a borrower to have sizable assets and excellent credit, and the down payment can range from 25% to 50%. So blanket loans are limited to more established borrowers with solid financials.

Who would most likely obtain a blanket mortgage?

Businesses may apply for a blanket loan to buy commercial property. Landlords, both commercial and residential, may also utilize this type of loan. So can construction companies and people who flip homes.

Is a blanket loan a good idea?

Under certain circumstances, a blanket loan can be a useful form of financing. When purchasing multiple properties with one loan, just one approval is needed. Closing costs may be lower. Interest rates and payments may be more attractive, too. That said, requirements to qualify for this type of loan can be significant, with down payments ranging from 25% to 50%.

Photo credit: iStock/oatawa

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

SOHL-Q324-038

Source: sofi.com

Apache is functioning normally

Homebuyers who want modern touches and few maintenance worries may opt to purchase new construction or have a home built to order.

In mid-2024, the median price of a new home was $429,800, according to the U.S. Census Bureau. As homebuyers have found a shortage of existing homes on the market in recent years, new-home construction has worked to fill the gap and consumers may find builders offering incentives to choose new construction. You’ll want to understand the market and learn some of the lingo.

Understanding New Construction Homes

On the upside, newly constructed homes can come with warranty-backed electronics, energy efficiency, and high-end features.

But new construction isn’t without potential snags, such as construction delays and the mounting price of upgrades.

The type of new construction you choose will determine cost and ability to customize and may also affect your home loan options.

•   Tract homes. These go up in a builder’s new development. The buyer chooses the lot and design features.

•   Spec homes. These are move-in-ready homes, but the buyer still might be able to choose some of the finishings. It’s a good idea to understand the difference between standard property features and upgrades.

•   Custom homes. A builder tailors a house to the buyers’ specifications on their land.

How Do I Buy a New Construction Home?

A first step is to get preapproved for a mortgage and hire a real estate agent. You’ll choose a builder, go over your desired home features, and sign the builder contract, which will include the anticipated timeline, the cost, and all other details.

Mortgage options for a tract or spec home are the same as buying an existing home: conventional or government-backed home loans.

Those who are building a custom home might use a construction loan for the build and then obtain a mortgage once the home is complete. There are, however, FHA, VA, USDA, and conventional construction-to-permanent loans, also called single-close loans.

Figuring Out the Costs of New Construction

How much does it cost to build a new house? For 2,500 square feet, it could cost $345,000, but of course, there are lots of variables, including location, the price of labor and materials, and your tastes.

For a spec home, it might be a good idea to look at comparables in your area. For a new build, HomeAdvisor suggests budgeting the amount each project of the home requires as well as the necessary time to build.

In normal times, expect to spend about 50% of your budget on materials, HomeAdvisor says.

Buying a staged model house? The upgrades are considered marketing costs, and the home may have been walked through many times. You might have lots of room to negotiate.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

Pros and Cons of Building or Buying a New Construction Home

Buying new has its pros and potential cons.

Pros

Everything’s New. Novelty can be a lure all its own. From a practical standpoint, new items signal less maintenance for years.

Additionally, with a from-scratch property, homebuyers may also be able to build their house on the precise plot of land that they want. Buying an existing home could mean having more neighbors nearby or less choice about the size or borders of the property.

Warranties. Appliances, roofing, and the HVAC system may be covered by manufacturer and construction warranties. Replacement or repair may be guaranteed for years, which can be a big relief when buying new construction as opposed to buying an existing home. Ask most homeowners about typical home repair costs. They are the opposite of fun.

Energy Efficiency. Homebuilding has been moving toward energy efficiency, or green architecture. Features like solar panels, treated windows, efficient lighting, and energy-saving appliances curb home energy expenses over the life of owning a home.

Reduced Homebuyer Competition. If a buyer opts to build a new home on an undeveloped tract of land, chances are low that a competing homeowner wants to build in that exact location at the same time.

Benefitting From Buying Discounts. A local contractor has ties to building supply companies and hardware stores. These business-to-business connections may translate into lower costs.

Cons

Land-Starved Locations and Zoning. The denser a community — think a big city or large suburb — the harder it may be to find land to build on. Moreover, local zoning regulations often regulate the size and type of new homes that can be built on residential lots.

Potential Building Delays. It takes 7 to 12 months on average for a contractor to build a house, and 12.1 months for an owner to, according to census data. That’s a significant wait, but building delays are fairly common and add to the bottom line. If a homebuyer needs to rent, for instance, while the house is being constructed, any delays could mean extra housing expenses.

New-home buyers can prepare for changes by touring similar finished homes in the community, researching the builder’s reputation, and speaking to residents. It’s also a good idea to talk with the builder about common construction delays and how unexpected costs are handled.

Negotiating Price May Be Harder. When working with a homebuilding company, negotiating may not be possible. Many builders attach a minimum price to the construction of a new home.

Upgrades Add Up. If wood floors, glass-front cabinets, and premium tile are must-haves, be prepared to pay for them. There is usually a “starting-from” price attached to newly constructed homes. Upgrades can add substantial costs to a new home.

Buying Tips for Newly Built Homes

Prepare to breathe in that new-house smell, but first lay the foundation.

Line Up Financing

When it comes to buying any type of house, getting prequalified is good. Getting preapproved is more serious, because you will have let lenders vet your finances and give you a specific amount you qualify for.

Lenders can also recommend the best kind of financing for a new build.

Hire a Real Estate Agent

Homebuyers wanting to make a new dream home a reality may want to find a good real estate agent. Here’s one reason why that’s important: The sales contact from the home construction company is hired to represent the seller (i.e., the builder or developer). A buyer’s agent can champion buyers’ interests, negotiate the contract, and answer questions.

Ask for Builder Concessions, Sign the Contract

Homebuyers aren’t likely to get a builder to slash a new home’s sales price, but they might be able to gain some concessions. Some builders may offer upgrades at a reduced price to incentivize a homebuyer to buy.

Upgrades may come in the form of a higher grade of carpet, granite countertops, a more advanced HVAC unit, or higher-end kitchen appliances. It doesn’t hurt to ask.

Once you’re pleased with your decisions, you’ll sign the builder contract to buy a spec home or start construction on a home.

The Takeaway

Newly constructed homes have obvious appeal, but they can come with potential delays and other drawbacks. Buyers who have their heart set on a brand-new home will find that financing often works the same way as it does for an existing-home purchase.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Can you negotiate the price of a new construction home?

Negotiating the price of a new construction home can be challenging as many builders set a minimum price. However, it might be possible to negotiate upgrades or concessions instead of a price reduction. Homebuyers can work with a real estate agent to help them negotiate with the builder.

What is a realistic budget for building a house?

A realistic budget for building a house will vary depending on the location, size, and desired features. In general, a 2,500 square foot home requires a budget of around $345,000, not including the cost of land. But cost can increase or decrease depending on the specific materials and finishes chosen.

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

¹FHA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by FHA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. FHA loans require an Upfront Mortgage Insurance Premium (UFMIP), which may be financed or paid at closing, in addition to monthly Mortgage Insurance Premiums (MIP). Maximum loan amounts vary by county. The minimum FHA mortgage down payment is 3.5% for those who qualify financially for a primary purchase. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.

†Veterans, Service members, and members of the National Guard or Reserve may be eligible for a loan guaranteed by the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. VA loans are subject to unique terms and conditions established by VA and SoFi. Ask your SoFi loan officer for details about eligibility, documentation, and other requirements. VA loans typically require a one-time funding fee except as may be exempted by VA guidelines. The fee may be financed or paid at closing. The amount of the fee depends on the type of loan, the total amount of the loan, and, depending on loan type, prior use of VA eligibility and down payment amount. The VA funding fee is typically non-refundable. SoFi is not affiliated with any government agency.

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Source: sofi.com

Apache is functioning normally

Looking to buy a manufactured home, a boat, or a piece of equipment for your business? You may need a chattel mortgage.

Chattel mortgages are used to finance movable assets separately from the land they occupy. They come with a higher cost than a traditional mortgage, so manufactured home dwellers who qualify for a standard mortgage will save money by choosing that route.

Here’s what you need to know about how chattel loans work and when you might want to look for alternative financing.

What Is a Chattel Mortgage?

First of all, a chattel mortgage is used for personal property, not real property. Real property includes land and property that cannot be easily removed from the land.

When a chattel mortgage is used for a large, movable asset like a manufactured home — called a mobile home before June 15, 1976 — or a piece of equipment (the “chattel”), the asset is held as collateral on the loan. If the borrower defaults on the loan, the lender can recoup costs by selling the asset.

A chattel loan may have a lower interest rate than an unsecured personal loan but a higher rate than a traditional mortgage.

How Does a Chattel Mortgage Work?

Chattel mortgages are used in two main instances: when an asset can be moved or when the land the asset sits on, or will, is leased. (In fewer cases, a chattel loan may be used when a borrower doesn’t want to encumber their owned land with a loan, as when land is owned jointly in a trust.)

Applying for a chattel loan is similar to applying for other types of loans, such as home equity loans and personal loans. The lender will look at your creditworthiness and ability to repay the loan before making a decision.

Chattel loans are typically small, with relatively short terms, but usually require no appraisal, title policy, survey, or doc stamps (the documentary stamp triggers a tax in certain states).

Recommended: First-Time Homebuyer Guide

What Are Chattel Loans Used For?

Here are some of the most common applications for chattel loans.

Manufactured Homes

Manufactured homes are built in a factory on a permanent chassis and can be transported in one or more sections. Formerly known as mobile homes, they’re designed to be used with or without a permanent foundation, but must be elevated and secured to resist flooding, floatation, collapse, or lateral movement.

Many are titled as personal property. Manufactured housing that is titled as personal property or chattel is only eligible for chattel financing.

When a manufactured home is titled as chattel, you’re also going to pay vehicle taxes to the Department of Motor Vehicles instead of property taxes.

Many consumers may encounter a chattel loan at the sales office of a manufactured home builder. They’re convenient with quick closing times, but come with a higher interest rate and a shorter term than most traditional mortgages.

This makes the financing cost of the manufactured home high, even if the payment is low thanks to the lower cost of a manufactured home compared with a site-built home. Around 42% of loans for manufactured homes are chattel loans, according to the Consumer Finance Protection Bureau.

When you own a manufactured home and rent the land it occupies, such as in a mobile home park, you will need a chattel mortgage, except when an FHA Title I loan is used.

Tiny Houses

A chattel mortgage may be used for tiny house financing when the tiny house is not affixed to a permanent foundation and/or when the land is leased.

Tiny houses are usually too small to meet building codes for a residential home, so even if the home is on a foundation and on owned land, a traditional mortgage is almost always out of the question. Even if Fannie Mae or FHA allows the property, the lender won’t.

Tiny houses on foundations are usually classified as accessory dwelling units.

Vehicles

A chattel loan may finance assets that are not permanently affixed to the property, such as vehicles. Dump trucks and construction vehicles may qualify.

Equipment

A chattel loan can be used to purchase large equipment for a business, such as a forklift or a tractor. Even livestock can be purchased with a chattel loan.

First-time homebuyers can
prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan,
with as little as 3% down.

How Much Does a Chattel Mortgage Cost?

Chattel mortgages are more expensive than many other different mortgage types. The Urban Institute concluded that chattel loans were substantially more expensive than non-chattel loans. Owners of manufactured homes would spend thousands more per year in interest compared with a traditional mortgage.

These types of mortgages are not being purchased by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac on the secondary mortgage market. When a conventional mortgage is purchased by one of these entities, the loan originator obtains more liquidity and can provide more loans to more people. This drives the cost of the mortgage down.

A chattel mortgage, on the other hand, must stay on the books of the lender, making the loan riskier and more expensive.
If you qualify, you might want to consider refinancing your chattel mortgage into a traditional mortgage.

Recommended: Home Loan Help Center

Chattel Mortgage vs Traditional Mortgage

To qualify for a conventional or government-backed mortgage instead of a chattel mortgage, you must own the land your home sits on, the home must be permanently affixed to a foundation, and it must have at least 400 square feet of living space (600 for Fannie Mae’s conventional loan for manufactured homes).

Mobile homes built before June 15, 1976, will not qualify for a mortgage loan. A personal loan is about the only option.

You must also meet all other requirements set forth by the lender to qualify for a traditional mortgage. A mortgage calculator tool can help with this.

For some types of assets, a chattel mortgage may be a good option to consider. Take a look at the major differences.

Chattel Loan Traditional Mortgage
For movable property only Includes the land and all attached structures
May have a lower interest rate than an unsecured personal loan Usually has a lower interest rate than a chattel mortgage
Shorter terms (e.g., 5 years) Longer terms (e.g., 15 years, 30 years)
Lower origination fees Higher loan fees
Shorter close time Longer close time
Lender holds the title, which is only given to the buyer when it is paid off Lender holds a lien on the property, not title

Pros and Cons of a Chattel Mortgage

A chattel mortgage is more expensive than a traditional mortgage, so anyone who can qualify for a traditional mortgage may wish to pursue that option first. It’s not all bad news for chattel mortgages, though, especially for other types of property where a chattel loan is desirable.

Pros Cons
Lender only has a security interest in the movable property, not the land If you default on the loan, the lender can take your asset. Also, the lender owns the asset until the loan is paid off
Taxes may be lower on property titled as “chattel” rather than “real” property Higher-cost loan than a traditional mortgage
Possible faster close and lower loan fees than a standard mortgage Fewer consumer protections. Chattel loans are not covered by the Real Estate Settlement Procedures Act or CARES Act
Lower interest rate than a personal loan Higher interest rate than a traditional mortgage
Pays down more quickly than a traditional mortgage Shorter term may create higher payments
Interest paid is tax deductible Interest paid is also tax deductible with a traditional mortgage

Consumer Protection and Chattel Mortgages

Chattel mortgages on manufactured homes are a special concern to the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau because that type of housing:

•   Serves an important role in low-income housing

•   Is typically taken on by financially vulnerable people

•   Has fewer consumer protections

Manufactured home sellers often have an on-site lender where borrowers can walk away with a chattel loan the same day as the home purchase. In certain scenarios, though, better financing options might be available.

The Takeaway

Buying a manufactured home or a piece of heavy equipment? A chattel loan could be the answer. If, though, you are buying a manufactured home and own the land, a traditional mortgage makes more sense than a chattel mortgage.

Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.

SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.

FAQ

Where can I get a chattel loan?

Lenders specializing in chattel or manufactured housing loans will offer this type of loan.

How much does a chattel mortgage cost?

The interest rate of a chattel mortgage could be several percentage points higher than that of a standard mortgage loan.

What happens at the end of a chattel mortgage?

When a chattel mortgage is paid off, the borrower receives legal title to the property or asset borrowed against. It’s also possible for landowners with permanently affixed manufactured homes to refinance into a traditional mortgage to end their chattel loans.

Is a chattel mortgage tax deductible?

A chattel mortgage qualifies for the same tax deductions that a traditional mortgage does. This includes a deduction on mortgage interest paid throughout the tax year.

Photo credit: iStock/MicroStockHub

SoFi Loan Products
SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.

SoFi Mortgages
Terms, conditions, and state restrictions apply. Not all products are available in all states. See SoFi.com/eligibility for more information.

*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

SOHL-Q324-037

Source: sofi.com