After spending months working 60 or 70 hours per week, realizing that life is all too short, and preparing for our kids to come home, it’s time for a new financial paradigm of my own: I’m semi-retiring.
I had always been perplexed by those who, say, retired early to travel to exotic locations. I like working and don’t really like traveling, so my dreams involved some sort of fulfilling employment until I couldn’t work anymore. I’m the life of the party, I know.
But then two or three years ago, I read about a guy who took a year off from full-time employment and I thought, what if?
What if I (or my husband) could take a year or two off from full-time employment? Or work part-time for a few years? Or work six months out of the year? Is that possible and would we want to?
Maybe and probably.
So over the last 2.5 years, my husband and I crafted a plan to send at least one of us, if not both of us, into temporary, semi-retirement once our kids arrived. Ideally, we would be financially independent with no need for earning monthly income, but… yeah, we knew that wouldn’t happen. So what we needed was a job (or jobs) with very flexible and part-time hours, jobs that would allow us to help our kids transition to a new culture, and jobs that paid enough to keep the lights on.
The First Laps
Before you dive into semi-retirement, take care of the basics.
1. Decrease debt load. The more debt you have, the more money you will need to have in semi-retirement. By now, any non-mortgage debt is a distant memory. Our monthly mortgage payment is significant, so our semi-retirement income needed to be at least four times our housing costs.
2. Increase savings. Because you’re taking a break from full-time employment (and perhaps from IRA or 401(k) contributions), you need to be creative with retirement savings. On the other hand, if you get used to living on less, maybe you don’t need as much in full retirement. We’ve been contributing to Roth and traditional IRAs for over a decade. Plus, we have an emergency fund. If we didn’t have those things, decreasing our income would require more radical sacrifices.
3. Increase income. Before you semi-retire, earning more can help you decrease your debt and increase your savings. Earning more is not always possible for everyone, but this is the reason we are able to semi-retire.
The Middle of the Race
The next step is to calculate how much money you’ll really need in semi-retirement. Some expenses (like transportation costs and work clothes) will decrease. Others (utilities and health insurance) will increase. Once we knew how much money we needed, we started looking for the money to replace our full-time income.
We don’t have real estate and with very little investment income, we knew that money must come from part-time employment.
I first sought opportunities as a subject matter expert so I could maximize my income-earning potential. But I also wanted jobs that matched our new lifestyle goals: something that could be done mostly at home with very flexible hours. Fortunately, I found a side job that fit all those criteria.
While we still had some lifestyle inflation with our increased income, having a goal kept us mostly on track. As I mentioned, our goal was to stop full-time employment when our kids come home. (We are still waiting on paperwork approval. Hopefully soon!)
The Finish Line
As of today, we are making enough “semi-retirement” income to pay our bills, not counting our full-time incomes. It does mean that our 2014 income will be closer to our 2005 levels, but we are okay with that for a couple of years or more. We are confident that we can do this because we’re already living close to the semi-retirement income level.
Even though this means we’ll have to be very careful with our spending, we’re still excited. The best thing is this opportunity allows us more flexibility to spend time with our kids. We’ve missed out on too many years of their lives already. We should also have more time to do DIY projects on our little farm and start that business I have always wanted.
I’ll be honest with you, though. The last couple of years have been stressful in many ways. I’ve spent a lot of time with my laptop and not as much time with my husband — and I know it’s time that I can’t get back. Our lives felt out of balance, and there were times when I wondered if our goal was worth it.
And I had other questions, too. Did I want to quit my job? I have never had a job I loved more. Were we creating more stress by cutting our salaries… even though we would have more time to spend with our kids? What would an indefinite break do to my career? We would be leaving behind company-provided benefits like a retirement plan and health insurance. The real question? Are we crazy?
The Next Race
Maybe we are crazy, but if we don’t enjoy semi-retirement, we have options. I’m leaving my job on good terms, and it’s possible there may be a similar job opening there in a couple of years. Or, because I’m a specialist, I should be able to find a similar job at another institution if necessary.
Semi-retirement isn’t for everyone. But having your financial ducks in a row gives you options. Maybe you can cut your schedule to four days a week. Maybe you can take six months off to travel. Or take a job that pays less but you love more.
In the meantime, I’ll test the semi-retirement water for you.
Your debt-to-income ratio, or DTI, is your total monthly debt payments divided by your total monthly gross income. DTI ratio is one of the criteria lenders use to determine whether you can realistically pay back a loan. As a general rule of thumb, you want to have a DTI ratio between 35% and 50%.
Save more, spend smarter, and make your money go further
If you’ve been shopping around for a mortgage, then you’ve probably run into the term “debt-to-income ratio”. This can be a confusing term for someone with limited knowledge when it comes to finance. But, when you apply for a major loan, your debt-to-income ratio can have a significant impact on whether or not a lender approves your application.
So knowing what a debt-to-income ratio is, and how to calculate debt-to-income ratio, is essential if you plan on taking out a mortgage or any other major personal loans in the near future. In this article, we’ll cover the following questions and topics:
What is a Debt-to-Income Ratio?
How to Calculate Your Debt-to-Income Ratio
What is an Ideal Debt-to-Income Ratio?
What is the 43% Rule?
Does Your DTI Ratio Impact Your Credit?
How to Improve Your DTI Ratio
What is a Debt-to-Income Ratio?
A debt-to-income ratio, or DTI ratio, is a metric that measures an individual’s gross monthly income against their total monthly debt payments. What your DTI ratio ultimately represents is the percentage of your monthly income that is used to pay off your outstanding debts.
This ratio is commonly used by lenders to evaluate potential borrowers, determine whether or not they’re able to take on additional debt, and assess the likelihood that they will be able to repay a loan. While a low DTI ratio indicates that you have been able to manage a healthy balance between debt and income, a high DTI ratio indicates the opposite—namely, that you owe a high amount of debt relative to your income, likely aren’t able to save much money each month, and are essentially living paycheck to paycheck.
Now that you have a foundational understanding of DTI’s meaning and application, let’s dive a bit deeper.
What Factors Make Up Your DTI Ratio?
The sum of your monthly debt payments includes credit card payments, your mortgage, child support, alimony, and any other loans you may have taken out. However, some recurring monthly payments aren’t included in your DTI ratio. According to moneyfit.org, you shouldn’t factor in non-debt payments such as:
Insurance premiums
Phone bill
Childcare expenses
Home utilities, such as your electric, heating, water, sewer, and trash bills
Gym membership
Music, cable, and streaming subscriptions
Internet bill
Landscaping costs
Storage unit rent
Income tax
Your gross monthly income is just your monthly pay before things like taxes and other deductions are taken out. Some common types of income that are factored into your DTI ratio, are as follows:
Gross income, whether hourly or salaried
Tips and bonuses
Any income earned from a side gig
Pension income
Rental property income
Self-employment income
Social Security benefits
Alimony received
Child support received
How to Calculate Your Debt-to-Income Ratio
Learning how to figure out your debt-to-income ratio is a valuable skill that can help you with more than just your mortgage applications. We’ve provided step-by-step instructions for how to calculate your DTI below.
You can calculate your debt-to-income ratio by dividing the sum of your monthly debt payments by your gross monthly income. Once you figure out your total monthly debts payments and add up your gross monthly income, you’ll be ready to divide those numbers and calculate your DTI ratio.
Dividing your monthly debt payments by your gross monthly income will give you a decimal number. In order to view your DTI as a percentage, you’ll have to multiply the decimal outcome by 100.
Example Calculation
To get a better understanding of how to calculate your DTI ratio, let’s take a look at a fictional example.
Here’s the situation: Mike has a gross monthly income of $5,000. He pays $1,000 on his mortgage, $400 for his car, $400 in child support, and $200 for other debts.
So, following the equation above to calculate Mike’s DTI ratio, we end up with:
$1,000 + $400 + $400 + $200 = $2,000
Therefore, Mike’s DTI ratio = $2,000 / $5,000 = 0.4 x 100 = 40%
What is an Ideal Debt-to-Income Ratio?
In general the lower your debt-to-income ratio is, the more likely it is that you’ll be approved for a loan you’re applying for. According to incharge.org, DTI ratios that fall between zero to 35% are considered healthy according to the standards of most major lenders, since they indicate that your debt is at a manageable level relative to your monthly income.
So what is a bad DTI ratio? Having a DTI ratio of 50% and above is considered an unhealthy level of debt in most cases, and can severely limit the kinds of loans you qualify for. Such a high ratio indicates that you likely don’t have much money to save or spend each month after making your current debt payments.
What is the 43% Rule?
The 43% rule is a rule of thumb used by banks and lenders to determine who is able to be approved for a Qualified Mortgage. Generally speaking, 43% is the highest DTI ratio you can have in order to be approved for a Qualified Mortgage by a lender.
If you’re unfamiliar with what a Qualified Mortgage is, it’s a category of loans that meet a particular set of standards and certain safety features that protect both the borrower and the lender. In order for a lender to offer you a Qualified Mortgage, they must adhere to certain requirements and make a good faith effort to evaluate your finances and determine whether you’ll be able to repay the loan or not.
The upside of a Qualified Mortgage is that it has a number of parameters in place that are supposed to help prevent you from taking out a loan you can’t afford. Some of the requirements for a Qualified Mortgage include:
The restriction of risky loan features, such as interest-only periods and balloon payments
A limit on your debt-to-income ratio, the maximum typically being 43%
Caps—dependent on the size of your loan—on the amount of upfront points and fees a lender is able to charge
Legal protections for lenders, since it’s assumed that they did their due diligence to ensure you had the ability to pay back your loan
Maximum loan term is required to be no longer than 30 years
All of this isn’t to say that you can’t take out a mortgage at all if your DTI ratio exceeds 43%. You may still qualify for other mortgages with a high DTI ratio, but you generally won’t be able to get approved for a Qualified Mortgage.
Does Your DTI Ratio Impact Your Credit?
While your DTI ratio has no direct impact on your credit score and won’t show up on your credit report, it can affect your ability to secure loans from banks and other lenders. A low DTI ratio increases the likelihood that you will be approved for the loans you apply for. That’s because lenders take a low DTI ratio as a sign that you are competent when it comes to money management and they can rely on you to pay back any debt you accrue according to the agreed-upon terms. Lenders also take a loan applicant’s DTI ratio into consideration because they want to ensure that borrowers aren’t taking out more debt than they can realistically pay back.
Although a lower DTI ratio typically makes it easier to get approved for a loan, keep in mind that it’s only one out of many factors that lenders take into consideration. When evaluating a mortgage loan application, lenders will also take a look at a potential borrower’s gross monthly income, the amount they can afford on a down payment, their credit history, and their credit score.
How to Improve Your DTI Ratio
There are two variables that go into calculating your DTI ratio—your total monthly debt payments and your gross monthly income. Therefore, to improve your DTI ratio you’ll need to either reduce your total monthly debt payments or increase your gross monthly income.
Reduce Your Monthly Debt Payments
Completely paying off debts is a great way to lower your monthly debts payments, but of course this is much easier said than done. Your first step should be to take a look at any loans you’ve already taken out and your current credit card debt and come up with a comprehensive repayment plan. For example, check out our money tips for recent college grads to get some advice on how to formulate a repayment plan for your student loans.
To avoid going further into debt, you should also make an effort to work on your personal finance skills. Try creating a monthly budget for yourself that can help you prioritize essentials, track your spending, and save money, made easy when you use the Mint app.
If you’ve already done some research on how to lower your monthly debt payments, you may be asking yourself, “Is debt consolidation a good idea?” Debt consolidation is when you combine all of your various debts together into one monthly payment with a fixed interest rate, and it may be a good idea depending on your circumstances.
If you don’t think you’ll be able to make a payment on one or several debts, then you can potentially avoid a late payment by consolidating that debt. However, you must have good credit to get approved for a debt consolidation loan and you should be certain that your financial situation will improve in the near future. If you don’t think you’ll be able to pay back your debts, even with debt consolidation, then you’d likely be better off trying to settle the debts directly with your creditors.
Increase Your Gross Monthly Income
Just like reducing your monthly debt payments, increasing your gross monthly income is a lot easier said than done. After all, it’s not every day that you’re given a raise or offered a job with a high-paying salary. Nevertheless, there are still ways to potentially increase your gross monthly income. Research passive income ideas or check out these examples of things you can do to make a little extra money:
Take up a side hustle, such as driving for a ride share company, taking on freelance writing projects, babysitting, etc.
Rent out an extra room in your home (if you have more than one property, consider turning one of them into a vacation rental)
Get a relevant certification or license that would either increase the salary of your current position or help you find a new, higher-paying job
If possible, try to pick up more shifts or get extra hours at work
If you’re in the market for a sizable loan, such as a mortgage loan, you’ll have an easier time securing financing with a lower debt-to-income ratio. If your DTI ratio is higher than 43%, then you might consider waiting to purchase a home until you can lower that number and qualify for a better loan. You should generally try to keep your DTI ratio as low as possible even when you aren’t shopping around for loans. This means minimizing your monthly debt payments and maximizing your gross monthly income—two things that can be hard to achieve, but not impossible. Having a well-thought-out personal finance strategy will make it easier to achieve these goals, keep your DTI ratio consistently low, improve your overall financial health, and provide both you and potential lenders with a sense of financial security.
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