earnings

Apache is functioning normally

Apache is functioning normally

The financial industry generally places more emphasis on style than substance. Because of this, when their work is actually evaluated, results tend to be disappointing. Wall Street’s earnings forecasts? Overly optimistic. Performance of mutual fund managers? Quite embarrassing. You may be wondering: Do Morningstar ratings also belong in the same category?

You’re probably familiar with Morningstar and their one- to five-star mutual fund ratings. Many investors rely on Morningstar for stock and mutual fund research, and mutual fund companies love using Morningstar ratings in their marketing materials. But is there any value in a five-star Morningstar rating? (Disclosure: I use Morningstar software sold to investment advisors almost everyday.)


The Morningstar ratings for one of the funds J.D. owns.

Fortunately for us, researchers recently looked into these ratings and published their results. They compared Morningstar ratings to fund expense ratios as a predictor of future performance.

The expense ratio is the annual fee for investing in a fund. This fee is charged by the mutual fund manager, and it’s one of my favorite metrics. If you assume that mutual fund managers have no value — which I find to be a very good approximation — you would expect lower costs to predict better performance. And the report found just that:

Expense ratios are strong predictors of performance. In every asset class over every time period, the cheapest quintile produced higher total returns than the most expensive quintile.

What about Morningstar ratings? Five-star ratings predicted better performance than one-star ratings in 13 of 20 observations — a success rate of just 65%. That sounds pretty good on its own, but it’s still worse than a metric that anyone can look up in seconds.

Since Morningstar uses prior performance (after fees) to calculate its ratings, the ratings already include information about expense ratios indirectly. So what is Morningstar adding with its fancy algorithm? Let’s use a little high-school algebra to find out. (Geek Alert!)

Morningstar Rating = Expense Ratio + Morningstar’s Additional Analytics

And we just found out that:

Expense Ratio > Morningstar Rating

Finally, using my graduate degree in math, I get this:

Morningstar’s Additional Analytics < 0

Yes, Morningstar’s algorithm is horrible. And that’s not all.

Morningstar reserves its five- and one-star ratings for the top and bottom 10% of funds. However, the researchers conducting this study divided expense ratios into quintiles — or, as normal people would say, 20% buckets. The expense ratios were handicapped by using 20% buckets instead of 10%, and still beat Morningstar ratings. Ouch!

Well, there’s one thing I forgot to tell you. People have performed this evaluation many times with similar results, so it isn’t news to serious students of investing. The interesting part of the report I quoted is the publisher: Morningstar. If you read its report [PDF], it sounds like a politician answering a tough question — uncomfortable. Independent thinkers can go directly to the results here [PDF].

Note: After writing this, I noticed that Morningstar clarified that ratings are indicators of past performance, and should not be used to predict future performance. If Morningstar were concerned about substance, it would tailor its ratings to how investors actually use them — as an indicator of a good investment. If it did that, most five-star rated funds would just be index funds. Unfortunately, Morningstar emphasizes style (and money), so it ends up with an imperfect rating system that benefits one of its biggest clients: mutual funds.

Another Note: Morningstar responded to a version of this article that was published on Mariposa Capital Management’s blog in August. You can read the comments here.

Source: getrichslowly.org

Apache is functioning normally

Apache is functioning normally

First American Financial’s primary underwriting unit gained market share in the first quarter, while the three units of Fidelity National Financial combined had a lower percentage of the business versus the prior year, the latest American Land Title Association data found.

But the total dollar volume of premiums written fell about 44% from the prior year, to $3.37 billion from a revised $5.94 billion in the first quarter of 2022. That’s also lower than the $4.4 billion generated in the fourth quarter last year. For the publicly traded companies, the reduced premium activity affected first quarter earnings.

Given that title insurance activity is highly dependent on mortgage origination volume, that is not a surprise. Total mortgage production in the first quarter was $333 billion or 816,000 units, versus $398 billion (973,000 units) in the fourth quarter and $689 billion or 1.94 million units one year ago, the Mortgage Bankers Association said. The higher drop off in volume versus premiums written is due to the fact that title companies charge more for new-purchase policies, while most of the decline in originations is from refinancings.

First American’s primary underwriting unit, First American Title Insurance, did 23% of the first quarter total, with a second business, First American Title Guaranty, contributing 1.9%, ranking 11th overall, the ALTA data showed. This compared with 21.5% on a year-over-year basis for FATIC only.

The second largest individual underwriter remains Old Republic Title Insurance, whose 15.5% share in the period is slightly higher than the first quarter of 2022’s 15.2%.

In positions three and four are two units of Fidelity National Financial, which is the largest holding company by total premiums written by operating units.

Fidelity National Title Insurance reported 12.7% of all premiums written in the first quarter and Chicago Title did a 12.4% share; a third FNF underwriting business, Commonwealth Land Title, ended the period with a 3.3% share.

One year prior, Fidelity National did 14% of all title insurance premiums written and Chicago Title did 13.4%. Commonwealth failed to make the top 10 for the period.

In total, FNF did 28.4% versus 24.9% for First American in the first quarter. For the full year of 2022, FNF had 30.4% of the business, versus 22.1% for First American.

The smallest of the four large underwriters, Stewart Title Guaranty, gained share, rising to 9.6% from 8.9% for the first quarter of 2022.

While Westcor Land Title Insurance remains the largest independent underwriter, its share continues to slip. In the first quarter, it was 3.7%, versus 5.3% in the first quarter of 2022. For the full year, it had a 4.4%. As recently as the third quarter of 2020, Westcor had a 6% market share.

Doma remained ranked 10th among underwriters, growing its share to 2%, versus 1.1% on a year-over-year basis.  

That growth is likely to halt, as the financially troubled company in May sold 22 retail title locations and operations centers in Northern and Central California to Williston Financial Group for $24.5 million. WFG ended the first quarter with a 2.5% share, down from 2.7% for the same period in 2022.

Also, Doma recently announced a one-for-25 reverse stock split scheduled for after the market closes on June 29. The stock closed at above 17 cents per share on June 23. 

The company went public via special purpose acquisition company merger at the end of July 2021. It closed at $6.84 per share at that time and began sinking right away, slipping under $1 per share nearly a year later.

Source: nationalmortgagenews.com

Apache is functioning normally

Apache is functioning normally

Who is the program for?

People with limited income and limited resources who are also 65 or older, blind or disabled.

The SSA describes SSI as “an assistance source of last resort.”

People who become completely unable to work for a year or longer due to a disability.

What are the work requirements to qualify?

None. Past and current employment don’t affect benefits.

  • Before you turn 24 you need approximately 1.5 years of work in the three years leading up to your disability.

  • Between age 24 and 31 you’ll need to have worked for about half the time between turning 21 and developing a disability.

  • When older than 31 you’ll need to have worked for approximately five or more years in the 10 years leading up to developing a disability.

What counts as disabled?

You have an impairment that prevents you from being employed, that will likely last at least 12 months or that will likely lead to death.

You have a medical condition that prevents you from doing your current job, and you can’t transition to a new job. You expect to be disabled for at least one year. Short-term and partial disabilities typically don’t count.

When can I get benefits?

SSA pays benefits as soon as the month after you submit your application or the month after you meet the eligibility requirements, whichever is later.

You won’t receive payments for any time prior to submitting your application, even if you met all other eligibility requirements.

A five-month waiting period before benefits begin is typical.

You could receive back payments for up to 12 months before you apply.

How much can I get?

In 2023, the maximum monthly benefit for an individual is $914. For a couple, it’s $1,371.

Income from other sources can lower those amounts.

Your benefit is based on your work history. First, SSA calculates an index of your average lifetime monthly earnings, taking into account inflation, your age, time spent caring for children and other factors.

If your application is approved, you’ll receive a percentage of your average monthly earnings. The benefit formula uses bend points, similar to the one used for Social Security retirement benefits. That means people with higher average earnings receive a lower total percentage compared to those with lower earnings.

Can my benefits change?

Yes. Factors that can change your benefit include a change to your medical condition, income, living situation, family composition or status as a student.

Yes. If your medical condition changes, or if you are able to return to work, your benefits may end. SSDI has a program where you can test your ability to work without losing your benefits. SSDI payments convert to Social Security retirement payments when you reach full retirement age.

Can other benefits or income affect my benefit amount?

Yes. Income from other sources, including Social Security retirement income, pensions, earned income and unemployment benefits can reduce SSI.

Yes. If you earn income from a job, you likely don’t meet the disability definition.

Other sources of income that may reduce SSDI benefits include: workers’ compensation payments and disability payments from a state or local government.

The sum of your SSDI benefits, workers’ compensation and other government disability payments can’t be more than 80% of your average earnings.

Are benefits affected by assets I own?

Yes. You won’t be eligible for SSI if the value of everything you own, including stocks, cash and property, exceeds $2,000 ($3,000 for couples). Exceptions to the limit include a home you live in, household goods, burial plots, your wedding ring, one vehicle, property you use in your business or for work, and up to $100,000 in an ABLE account.

Source: nerdwallet.com

Apache is functioning normally

Apache is functioning normally

One of the biggest wealth transfers in history is about to unfold.

That is, it’s estimated that more than $68 trillion in wealth – involving 45 million households across the U.S. – will be transferred through inheritance in the next 25 years.

Will you be one of them?

If you’re a Millennial or a Gen Zer, chances are you may be in the group of Americans most likely to benefit from this massive transfer.

If so, you’ll need to know how to plan for an anticipated inheritance, even if you’re not sure of the details.

What’s Ahead:

1. Have a rough idea of the amount that you are set to inherit

Source: shurkin_son/Shutterstock.com

Though this seems like a simple step, it often isn’t.

Not all parents or grandparents are open about their personal net worth (it’s a generational thing). And asking how much you can expect to inherit – or, if you’ll be inheriting anything at all – can seem presumptuous at best, and greedy at worst. 

Some parents and grandparents will be open to this question. Some may even provide the information without you asking. But if that’s not your situation, you’ll need to proceed carefully and delicately. 

How do I find out how much I will inherit?

You probably already have an idea of your parents’ approximate net worth, but if you don’t, don’t beat yourself up. After all, it isn’t always that obvious on the surface.

The best way to find out?

Just ask.

If your parents aren’t forthcoming about their finances, you’ll need to step back. That doesn’t mean giving up, however. You can let some time pass, then approach the subject later. Just be sure to frame it in such a way that you’re interested in protecting all they’ve worked so hard to accumulate.

2. Learn what makes up the inheritance

Some estates are very simple, while others can be incredibly complicated. The best scenario is a parent who rents his or her home (no house to sell) and has nearly all wealth sitting in financial assets, like bank and brokerage accounts.

Things get way more complicated when a large share of the estate is held in real estate, and especially investment real estate. More complicated still is business equity.

Collectibles, like jewelry and artwork, can also be problematic. You’ll first need to get a ballpark estimate of the value. But before they can be sold, they may need to be formally appraised. 

Just as important, your parents may prefer to pass real estate, business interests, or collectibles to specific individuals. That may or may not include you, which is something you need to know before you plan to inherit them.

3. Know if there are other beneficiaries

Source: Motortion Films/Shutterstock.com

This is as delicate an issue as requesting the value of your parents’ estate. If you are the sole beneficiary, it’s a non-problem. But if there are siblings, or others your parents may want to distribute assets to, the waters can get a bit muddy.

In a perfect world, your parents will set up an equal distribution for you and your siblings. But real life isn’t always so simple. 

For reasons known or unknown to you, your parents may choose unequal distributions. This can be due to family politics, like one sibling being favored over the others, or one sibling being closer to your parents than others. In some situations, parents may choose to give a larger share to a child who provides for their direct care in their later years. 

There may still be other situations where your parents want to make special provisions for one of your siblings or even a grandchild.

Yes, it can get worse!

But those aren’t even the most complicated beneficiary situations.

Given that divorce is common, and often involves a second set of children, there may be issues and limitations. 

In some extreme situations, parents may disown one or more children, and exclude them from the inheritance. If that might be you, you’ll need to know.

Finally, complicated family situations can result in probate. That’s where the estate has to go before a judge prior to distribution. This can happen because of the nature of the family situation, or because one or more potential beneficiaries (or even an excluded party) challenge the distribution of the estate proceeds.

If that situation seems likely, it’s one that should be discussed with your parents. They may need to set up a trust to ensure each beneficiary gets the intended distribution so the estate can avoid probate.

4. Understand the intended distribution process 

This primarily has to do with the timing of inheritance distributions. While the conventional distribution method is to distribute all beneficiary shares on a common date when the estate is settled, that’s not always the case.

Parents sometimes arrange to have estate assets distributed gradually.

For example: if one or more beneficiaries is considered to be irresponsible with money, the parents may set up a staggered distribution over a period of several years. 

A staggered distribution is often accomplished through a trust. If your parents have set up a trust, either for part or all of the estate, you’ll need to know of its existence, as well as the intended distribution.

Some trusts are even more specific

For example, they may include provisions that will distribute funds based on certain milestones. Common examples include holding distributions until the beneficiary turns 30 (or some other age), or gets married (or divorced, if the marriage is shaky).

Trusts can be amazingly specific, which is why people set them up. That’s also why you’ll need to know any distribution method that will be used. 

Some estates may also have provisions to make staggered distributions based on asset types.

For example: cash-type assets may be distributed early in the estate process. But real estate and business interests may not be distributed until they have been liquidated. 

5. Estimate your personal finances at the anticipated time the inheritance happen

Source: Prostock-studio/Shutterstock.com

A big part of how you handle an inheritance will be determined by your own financial situation.

If you already have a sizable personal estate, you may be able to simply fold the inheritance into your existing plan. But if your finances are limited, you may need to be more intentional and figure out what you’re going to do with the inheritance when it arrives (ya know, so you don’t blow it all on a bright red Mustang). 

The point is, only when you have a clear picture of your own finances can you make the best use of an inheritance. And to get the greatest benefit, it can help to improve your finances before you receive the money. The better positioned you will be when the inheritance comes in, the more flexibility you’ll have in choosing where to allocate the money. 

If you’ve not been investing up to this point, you may want to begin before the inheritance comes in. It’s best to get investment experience with a small amount of money, so you don’t risk losing your windfall through poor investment choices.

Read more: Best Investment Accounts For Young Investors

6. Design a plan (aka what to do with the inheritance)

If you already have your own personal financial plan, planning for an inheritance will be much easier. But even if you do, you should have at least a loose plan for what to do with the new money. The worst choice is holding off until the inheritance is received. Without a solid plan, you may quickly draw down the new money, financing a series of wants.

Having a plan for the inheritance will ensure the money will provide for a better future. To learn how to set up a financial plan, check out our article: What Is A Financial Plan And Why Do You Need One?

Decide what your priorities are

The main purpose of a plan is to set up a series of priorities.

For example: if your retirement planning isn’t where you want to be, you can make it a priority to fix that with the inheritance. You can either use the new money to enable you to make larger retirement plan contributions or plan to set up an annuity specifically for retirement.

Take advantage of annuities

One of the advantages of annuities is that they can be used to shore up an adequate retirement plan.

Read more: What Is An Annuity And Should You Consider One?

The investment earnings on annuities accumulate on a tax-deferred basis, like retirement plans. But the major advantage is that there are no limits to your contributions. You can make a single, large lump sum contribution to an annuity and let it grow tax-free until retirement. You can set a date that distributions will begin, which can even cover the rest of your life.

In addition, Dr. Guy Baker, CFP and founder of Wealth Teams Alliance, also points out:

“Annuities are a fixed-income alternative. The opportunity to get a market return with no downside risk can be dramatically better than the income from an investment-grade bond of comparable risk. The amount to put into an annuity should coordinate with the age of the beneficiary and the investment objectives. In general, an indexed annuity can provide significant benefits for no additional risk.”

However, since annuities are complicated instruments themselves, you’ll need time to do research and evaluate the best one to take. That’s best done in advance of receiving an inheritance.

Consider starting your own business

In a different direction, maybe you’ve been dreaming of starting your own business. If you lack the capital to do that up to this point, the inheritance can make it happen.

In the meantime, you can make preliminary plans for the business, and even get it up and running as a side hustle. When the inheritance arrives, you’ll have an established business to grow, rather than starting a new one from the ground up.

Starting a business is always risky, though, so make sure you carefully consider such a big move if/when you do receive an inheritance.

Read more: How To Start Your Own Business – A Complete Step-By-Step Guide

7. Find out if there will be tax consequences

Source: Southworks/Shutterstock.com

You’ve undoubtedly heard the saying,

“the only things certain in life are death and taxes.”

Well, guess what? Sometimes the two happen at the same time. 

Officially, they’re called inheritance taxes. Because estates can contain a lot of money, governments view them as rich revenue sources. Just like they tax your income, your home, your utility bills, and even your purchases, there are taxes designed to snatch a part of an inheritance before you receive it. 

There’s good news and bad news here.

Let’s start with the good news…

There is a federal inheritance tax, but the good news is that it only applies to very large estates. 

Under current IRS regulations, estates that transfer from one spouse to another are generally tax exempt. But even when they pass to other beneficiaries, like children and grandchildren, there’s a federal estate tax exemption of $11.7 million, for 2021. 

That means if the total value of the estate (before distribution) doesn’t exceed $11.7 million, there’ll be no federal tax on the inheritance.

Now for the bad news…

18 states impose some type of state-level inheritance tax. And while some of those states match the federal estate exemption, there are no fewer than 13 with lower exemptions.

On the low-end, Massachusetts and Oregon can tax estates as low as $1 million. Rhode Island sets the threshold at $1,595,156.

Not many Americans have a net worth of over $11.7 million. But there are many millions with estates of $1 million or more. Even if you’re not affected by the federal estate tax, you may be subject to it at the state level.

If any of the estate tax thresholds may apply in your situation, whether at the state or federal level, you’ll need to be prepared for this outcome. 

So make sure you estimate for a lower inheritance

The best strategy is to estimate a lower inheritance, based on applicable estate tax rates. Fortunately, the estate will pay the inheritance tax before the money is distributed. But you still need to be prepared for a lower distribution amount.

If your parents are open about your inheritance, you may even be able to discuss the tax consequences with them. That way they’ll be in a position to take action to minimize them before the fact.

8. Decide if you’ll need a financial planner

If you believe your net worth is too small to justify a financial planner right now, you may change your mind when you receive a large inheritance. But you don’t have to wait until the inheritance arrives to at least consult a financial planner. 

If you know the approximate size of your inheritance, paying for a meeting with a financial planner may be money well spent. The financial planner can help you to make decisions to both set up your current finances in anticipation of the inheritance, as well as to make intelligent decisions when it actually comes. 

The financial planner may also provide ideas you may want to convey to your parents. They’re often unaware of strategies that will minimize inheritance taxes, or create a strategic plan for a more successful distribution of the estate.

In addition, if there may be questions surrounding the estate, perhaps involving the children of a previous or subsequent marriage, the financial planner may recommend consulting with an estate attorney.

The more you can do in advance, the less likely it is you’ll be blindsided when the inheritance arrives and the stakes are higher.

Read more: Are Certified Financial Planners Worth The Money?

9. Decide if you’ll need a trust

Source: Alla Aramyan/Shutterstock.com

If you don’t have one now, receiving a large inheritance might make a trust advisable. It may even be completely necessary if the inheritance is particularly large, or if you yourself have children from a previous marriage.

A trust is a way to protect your assets, and to ensure the money is distributed as you wish upon your death. 

Shawn Plummer, CEO of The Annuity Expert, explains further:

“You may need a trust if you want to specify how your assets will be distributed without a probate court getting involved. While a will can achieve a similar purpose, wills have to be authenticated by a probate court and can require more time and money.”

Just as important, a trust has the potential to protect your assets from seizure by creditors, or from litigation. With the larger personal estate the inheritance will create, you may need just that kind of protection. 

And don’t worry, you won’t need to pay an arm and a leg to get these documents drawn up. Trust & Will offers estate planning help with plans starting at just $39. This can help you avoid racking up a high bill with an estate planner.

Summary

You’ve probably known of situations where someone came into a large windfall, only to be broke a few short years later. Unfortunately, it’s not an uncommon outcome.

The sudden arrival of a large amount of money can cause an unprepared recipient to blow what could be a life-changing opportunity. It could have the potential to dramatically improve your finances and your life.

You’ll need a plan to make that happen, and it’s never too early to start drawing one up.

Read more:

Source: moneyunder30.com

Apache is functioning normally

Apache is functioning normally

Nobody likes those random extra fees that go by various names — resort fees, destination fees, amenity fees or urban fees, just to mention a few of the monikers — that get tacked onto nightly hotel room rates.

Some don’t like it so much that they’re willing to file a lawsuit against the world’s largest hotel company.

Hotel guests filed a lawsuit Wednesday against Marriott International in Los Angeles County Superior Court for what they allege were nightly surcharges on room rates that violated California’s consumer protection and unfair competition laws. The fees were labeled as “Hotel Worker Protection Ordinance Cost Surcharge” on guest bills and ran anywhere from $10 to $14 per night, depending on the hotel.

Those charges first appeared in response to an ordinance signed last year by then-Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti. That measure requires Los Angeles hotels to provide workers with security devices like a panic button to better protect themselves against potential sexual assault. The measure also required larger hotels to provide higher wages to housekeepers cleaning above a certain threshold during a shift.

But the lawsuit maintains that the surcharge — billed as covering the costs associated with the employee protection measure — goes well above what it would actually cost a hotel owner.

“The Los Angeles Airport Marriott, for example, is a 1,004-room hotel that typically averages around an occupancy rate above 80%. Even at just 80% occupancy (803 occupied rooms per night), however, the hotel makes over $10,000 per night from guests by charging the [Hotel Worker Protection Ordinance] Fee—working out to over $3,600,000 annually at that single hotel,” reads the lawsuit. “The HWPO Fee is nothing more than a ‘junk fee’ under the guise of ‘worker protection,’ directly benefiting Marriott at the expense of their guests.”

Representatives with Marriott declined to comment when contacted by TPG.

Multiple Marriott-affiliated properties are highlighted in the lawsuit: the Los Angeles Airport Marriott, the Courtyard by Marriott Los Angeles LAX/Century Boulevard, the Residence Inn by Marriott Los Angeles LAX/Century Boulevard and the Four Points by Sheraton Los Angeles International Airport.

While most of the hotels accused of charging the fee were located near Los Angeles International Airport (LAX), the lawsuit also names the Beverly Hills Marriott.

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Fee fatigue

The lawsuit arrives amid swelling anti-fee fervor across the travel sector. U.S. President Joe Biden earlier this year even targeted resort fees in his State of the Union address amid a push to eliminate hidden fees, which are widespread in the travel industry, as part of his Junk Fee Prevention Act.

“We’ll ban surprise resort fees that hotels tack on to your bill,” Biden said in the address. “These fees can cost you up to $90 a night at hotels that aren’t even resorts.”

Marriott settled with the Pennsylvania attorney general over a lawsuit targeting its resort fee practice, and the company now maintains that hotels include the fee as part of an initially advertised nightly rate.

Earlier this year, separate lawsuits in Texas were launched against Hyatt and Hilton over their respective resort fee practices.

While Marriott is once again in the legal hot seat over surcharges added to its room rates, the company’s CEO, Anthony Capuano, earlier this year touted the hotel brand’s leadership in bundling resort fees into nightly rates.

The fees aren’t going away, but better transparency might be the end game for the broader industry.

“It is not as if those were hidden somehow. We’re simply further clarifying and enhancing that transparency,” Capuano said on the company’s first-quarter earnings call. “I will leave it to the state [attorneys general] around the rest of the country for the rest of the industry. But I am pleased that we will lead the industry in terms of the transparency of our disclosure for our guests.”

Related reading:

Source: thepointsguy.com

Apache is functioning normally

Apache is functioning normally

Plenty of real estate agents make good money but never seem to get ahead. On today’s podcast, author Joan Sotkin joins Pat to discuss why so many Realtors are so bad with their finances. Joan also shares several habits, techniques, and tips for improving one’s financial fitness. Listen and learn how to build your money muscles so that you’re the strong, disciplined leader your real estate business needs to succeed.

Listen to today’s show and learn:

  • About Joan Sotkin [2:17]
  • Why real estate agents are terrible with money [4:32]
  • The importance of cashflow management [7:12]
  • Tips for tracking your money [12:19]
  • Why you need to track finances to make good financial decisions [14:16]
  • Joan’s spreadsheet for tracking earnings and expenses [15:30]
  • How to beat “financial vagueness syndrome” [17:34]
  • What all wealthy people have in common [19:20]
  • How to build your money muscles [21:57]
  • Tips for overcoming the urge to spend [23:43]
  • The key to confidence [32:23]
  • Why being overly materialistic is a bad look [37:52]
Related Links and Resources:

Thank You Rockstars!
It might go without saying, but I’m going to say it anyway: We really value listeners like you. We’re constantly working to improve the show, so why not leave us a review? If you love the content and can’t stand the thought of missing the nuggets our Rockstar guests share every week, please subscribe; it’ll get you instant access to our latest episodes and is the best way to support your favorite real estate podcast. Have questions? Suggestions? Want to say hi? Shoot me a message via Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, or Email.
-Aaron Amuchastegui

Source: hibandigital.com