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Do you really do need to know how much you make in a year?
When you are an hourly employee, you understand what your hourly rate is, but when you try to translate that into a weekly, monthly, or even yearly amount is may be a struggle.
That is totally fine. In this post, you are going to get the math behind exactly how much do I make per year.
All you have to do is follow a simple equation and plug in your numbers for your personal situation. The end result is you will know how much do I make per year.
Right now, there is not going to be a super fancy calculator to help you all through this. (Just kidding… We have calculators below for you!) In all honesty, though, this is something very basic for you to figure out.
You will figure how do I calculate how much I earn a year.
At the end of the post, we are going to go into detail about ways to increase how much you make per year, as well as tips to thrive on your current salary.
Calculating an Annual Salary from an Hourly Wage
When you are an hourly employee, there are many variables that can go into your annual salary or annual income. Primarily, the first variable is how many hours do you work in a given week. Next, is how many weeks do you work in the year. Finally, if you get paid time off.
For example, you may work less all year, but then in the busy season around Christmas, you might increase the number of hours you work. Or vice versa, if you are in the landscaping business, you are more likely to work more hours during the summer, and less in the winter (unless you find other jobs off-season of your main job like snow shoveling duties).
To calculate your annual wage, you need to multiply your hourly pay times by the number of hours that you work in a day.
Then, take that number and multiply it by the number of days that you work in a week. Next, take that number times the number of weeks that you work per year.
The most you can work in a year is 52 weeks. Do you know how many work days in a year you work? This answer may surprise you.
Steps to Calculate an Annual Salary from an Hourly Wage…
Write down your hourly rate (before taxes, FICA, 401k contributions, etc)
Figure out how many hours you work in a week.
Figure out how many weeks you work per year.
Hourly Rate * (weekly hours worked x weeks worked per year) = Annual Salary
– or –
Hourly Rate * weekly hours worked = Weekly Salary Weekly Salary * weeks worked per year = Annual Salary
**Either formula will get you to the right answer.**
Example #1 –
Your hourly wage is $14.26 that is before anything is taken out like FICA, taxes, insurance, or 401k contributions. In a typical work week, you work 34 hours. You receive paid time off, so you can count working 52 weeks per year.
$14.26 * (34 x 52) = $25,211.68
– or –
$14.26 * 34 = $484.84 $484.84 * 52 = $25,211.68
Example #2 –
Your hourly wage is $22.70 that is before anything is taken out like FICA, taxes, insurance, or 401k contributions. In a typical work week, you work 45 hours. You receive do not receive paid time off, so you can plan on working 48 weeks per year.
$22.70 * (45 x 48) = $49,032
– or –
$22.70 * 45 = $1,021.50 $1,021.50 * 48 = $49,032
Calculating an Hourly Wage from an Annual Salary
A lot of salaried people do not take into account how much they make per hour because they just are paid a flat salary rate. That salary is divided up by the number of paychecks over the course of the year.
You need to take your full yearly salary and divided it by the number of weeks per year, and then, divide it by the number of hours worked per day.
This will give you an estimate of your hourly pay as a salaried employee.
Steps to Calculate an Hourly Wage from an Annual Salary…
Figure out how many hours you work in a week.
Figure out how many weeks you work per year.
Write down your annual gross salary (before taxes, FICA, 401k contributions, etc)
Annual Salary / (weekly hours worked x weeks worked per year) = Hourly Wage
Example #1 –
Your annual salary before anything is taken out like FICA, taxes, insurance, or 401k contributions is $76,500. In a typical work week, you work 52 hours. You receive paid time off, so you can count on =working 52 weeks per year.
$76,500 / (55 x 52) = $26.75 per hour
Example # 2–
Your annual salary before anything is taken out like FICA, taxes, insurance, or 401k contributions is $42,800. In a typical work week, you work 45 hours. You receive do not receive paid time off, so you can plan on working 49 weeks per year.
$42,800 / (45 x 49) = $19.41 per hour when working
How to calculate how much you make a year?
As presented above, figuring how much I make per year is fairly straightforward.
A little math won’t hurt anyone. Plus it makes the money earned more real and difficult not to spend.
But, here is a calculator to help you out.
This will show you how to calculate how much you make a year.
There are two versions based on if you are starting with hourly wage or annual salary.
When budgeting your income, it is always better to underestimate how much you can make in a year.
For tax purposes, choose to overestimate your income, and then you won’t have big surprises come tax time.
Overtime can influence these numbers if you are paid time and half. In that case, run your numbers without overtime and gain just for overtime pay. Then, add those numbers together.
How much Do I Make per Year Before Taxes or After Taxes
Income taxes is one of the biggest culprits of reducing your take-home pay as well as FICA and Social Security. This is a true fact across the board with all salary ranges
The amount of taxes taken out hurts your hourly wage.
Every single tax situation is different.
On the basic level, let’s assume a 12% federal tax rate and 4% state rate. Plus a percentage is taken out for Social Security and Medicare (FICA) of 7.65%.
Thus, on average you can take out 23.65% just for taxes!!
Your gross salary is before taxes are taken out. Your net salary is when taxes are taken out.
Since every tax situation is different and varies greatly depending on your personal situation and potential deductions. Therefore, here is a great tool to help you figure out how much your net paycheck would be.
Un-Factored Costs of How Much Do I Make per Year
One factor that does not come up in this calculation is everything required for you to get to your job. In these examples, the assumption is you are getting paid for every hour that you are actually working.
However, you should take into account everything that needs to happen for you to actually get to your job.
Some examples include getting ready in the morning, driving to and from work, attending the “must-attend” social events after work, the amount of time to decompress from your day, etc.
It is important to know how much do you make after you account for those variables, because the answer may be surprising to you!
Here is an example…
Your workday is normally a 10 hour day, but you have an hour commute on each side. It takes you an hour to get ready in the morning and two hours to decompress from your day.
Thus, you have already added on an extra five hours of your workday on top of your normal 10 hour workday.
So, in essence, you are working 15 hours a day in order to be able to do your job and function as a human being.
That is much less than the 10 hours per day that you thought you were putting in.
Once you account for those variables, many people may realize the extra hours to make life bearable at their job or their commute is not worth it.
Here is a great calculator to figure out your true hourly wage.
So, they make look at changing jobs, even though they will be paid less per hour, they gain an extra three hours back in their life. Making their real workday just 12 hours. So, even though the pay is less, they are actually earning more when you account for these additional variables.
This is called time freedom.
3 Ways to Increase Income
While it is great to know how much do I make per year, it is more exciting and more enticing to actually figure out ways to increase your income.
Even better if you can find ways to increase your net worth.
By increasing the types of income sources that you have, you are going to fast-track your net worth. Then, you can look at retiring early or finally enjoy your work.
There are plenty of ways to increase your income, but we are going to focus on the ones that will make the most impact right now.
1. Ask for a Raise
Too many people are afraid to ask for a raise because they are nervous they may actually lose their job.
When in reality, if you believe that you are underpaid and overworked, then ask for a raise – especially if you do a great job!
There is no reason that you shouldn’t ask for a raise.
While your raise may not be huge, it may only be 50 cents an hour. That adds up to an extra $1,000 over the course of the year! That is still more income in your pocket than you had by not asking.
Don’t settle for the average cost of living increase that most companies typically give out; you deserve more for your continued years of work. Even worse, do not accept that getting the minimum wage increase is enough because it is just not fair. You need to find a new employer ASAP.
You work hard, so you should be paid for your hard work.
2. You Gotta Hustle (Like Another Job or Side Hustle)
In today’s society, you cannot have just a paycheck as earned income.
You must diversify your income sources to more than just trading your time for money.
You would be pleasantly surprised by the increase in TOTAL income at the end of the year.
If you want to make progress further this is something that you need to start doing today.
You can do simple side hustles, such as walking somebody else’s dogs, pet sitting, house sitting, watching somebody else’s kids, or cleaning somebody’s house. Basic skills.
It may not be a huge amount, but let’s say your side hustle made you an extra $100 a week. That right there will help increase your income over the course of the year to over $5,000!
That makes a solid difference on your bottom line.
Let’s say you want to hire out your specialized skills… You make $250-500 per gig and can handle four per month. That is an extra $1000-2500 a MONTH!
Passive income is one of the best ways to increase your income on a consistent basis. You put the hard work in upfront and then you get to reap the rewards, aka the money that flows in without you actually having to work on that. Possibilities include rental income, affiliate marketing, or online courses.
3. Start Selling Stuff
One of my good friends makes at least $500 each month by flipping kid’s toys and clothes. Yes, you read that right. She buys used clothes and toys and resells them for a profit. She has become very good at what she does and is well known in the local market for her items always being quality and at a fair price.
She is increasing her income by doing flipping stuff. It’s not a hard concept.
There are people that will go into goodwill and buy designer brand clothes with the tags still on them for a fraction of the price and flip it on Poshmark. The next day for a profit of over 900%.
I am not joking with you; you can sell things to increase your income.
And all of this selling is during your free time, so it should not take up a whole lot of your time. Maybe an extra hour a day, maybe four hours on the weekend, but would you be happy to walk away with little extra cash in your pocket.
Watch this free course on how to make money flipping stuff.
There are so many options for you to increase your income.
How to Live on what I Make per Year
These money management tips are simple to embrace.
That is because you can focus on a few key areas and not be distracted by every piece of financial advice.
Pick up one new habit and focus on building another on top of it. Slowly and surely, you are more likely to make long-term progress.
1. Spend Less
The formula for this one is the same regardless if you were making minimum wage, or if you are making over $100,000 per year.
You have to live on less than you make.
That is the simple thing. It does not matter what your situation is or how much income you make.
If you are spending more money and have greater expenses than your income, you will never get ahead. Period. You will be on a hamster wheel and living paycheck to paycheck, and for what my readers say – they don’t enjoy that life.
Also, I know many of my readers that they have broken that paycheck to paycheck cycle. They followed the Money Bliss Steps to Financial Freedom.
You need to live below your means.
2. Save more
Save for the future now; stop delaying saving for tomorrow.
Because when tomorrow comes, you are not going to feel like saving money; thus, you are not going to have any more money than you do today. Start saving.
Even if you start right now with saving 5% of your paycheck, that is a WIN!
Make sure your saving is set aside in a separate bank account. Even better, open an investment account and begin your saving journey.
If you know you are a natural spender, then save more money than the minimum of 20%. If you consistently save 20% of your paycheck by the time you retire, or maybe even sooner, you will become a millionaire.
It doesn’t matter how much you make per year if you do not prioritize saving sooner than later.
3. Set Goals
First, you will never make any progress if you do not set goals.
Yet, most people say they will start setting goals tomorrow; and tomorrow comes and no goals are set.
Carve out time to set goals in all areas of your life – personal, professional, health, wealth, family.
Create a bucket list for your long-term goals and make smaller short-term goals to make sure you reach those big goals.
As with anything in life, if you set a goal, you’re more likely to achieve it.
If you write down a goal, you have a greater probability of achieving your goal.
When it comes to your money and your finances and your income, you need to set smart financial goals.
You have to drive and decide what you want to do in your future.
If your goal is to have more time in life then you need to figure out how to make time freedom a priority. If your goal is not to work until you are 65 and afraid to learn what happens if you don’t save for retirement, then start putting money into a retirement account.
You have to put the plan together to reach your goals. Focus on taking action, not being in motion.
4. Positive Mindset
There are two ways that you can go in life:
You can control your future.
You can let your situation pass you by and let life get in the way.
It is totally up to you what you want to do, but you need to have the mindset that you choose to make the most out of this life here now, and that all starts today.
You make be wondering… what does this have to do with how much I make per year?? Well, if you are focused on that number not being enough, then you will struggle to get pay raises and increase your income.
Your mind is a powerful thing. Stay positive.
5. This is Your Journey
Lastly, this is one we tend to forget. Count your blessings.
Be grateful for what you have today as well as the opportunities in front of you.
Don’t worry about what the future holds today.
Be reminded that this is your journey with twists and turns, hills and valleys. Every step you take is guided on a path only made for you.
How Much Do I Make Per Year:
How Much Do I Make Per Hour:
One of the best ways to improve your personal finance situation is to increase your income. Here are a variety of side hustles that are very lucrative. With time and effort, you can start enjoying the lifestyle you want.
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Know someone else that needs this, too? Then, please share!!
Did the post resonate with you?
More importantly, did I answer the questions you have about this topic? Let me know in the comments if I can help in some other way!
Your comments are not just welcomed; they’re an integral part of our community. Let’s continue the conversation and explore how these ideas align with your journey towards Money Bliss.
Debt can be both beneficial and harmful. It can help you buy a home, pursue higher education, or start a business. However, excessive debt can lead to financial stress and mental health issues like depression and anxiety. This article will help you distinguish between good and bad debt to make informed financial decisions.
Key Takeaways
Good debt helps improve your financial future by investing in appreciating assets or enhancing your earning potential, such as through education, real estate, or starting a business.
Bad debt finances depreciating assets or unnecessary luxuries, such as cars, clothes, and other consumer goods, leading to financial strain due to high-interest rates and reduced value over time.
Some debts fall into a gray area and can be beneficial or detrimental depending on how they are managed, such as consolidating high-interest debt into a lower-interest loan or borrowing to invest with calculated risk.
Good Debt vs. Bad Debt
Good debt typically involves borrowing for investments that grow in value or generate income over time, like education or real estate. Bad debt usually involves borrowing for depreciating assets or unnecessary expenses, like luxury items or cars. However, accumulating too much debt, even if it starts as good debt, can become a problem if your monthly debt payments become unmanageable.
Isn’t all debt bad?
Not all debt is bad. Debt becomes problematic when it’s unnecessary or avoidable. The mindset of trying to ‘keep up with the Joneses’ or believing ‘only the best will do’ can lead to unwise borrowing.
However, some types of debt can provide significant benefits, such as financing a home or investing in education. These types of debt can offer a good return on investment and help you improve your financial situation. It’s crucial to understand the difference between beneficial and harmful debt.
What is good debt?
Good debt is debt that helps you make money or have a home to live in. It could be beneficial In a literal sense (a return on investment) or figuratively (enhancing your skills and earning potential). Either way, good debt allows you to invest in yourself and your future.
Here are a few examples of good debt.
Education
Investing in your education is a strategic move that can enhance your future success. By gaining knowledge and skills, you increase your chances of securing better jobs and advancing in your career.
Many people experience a return on their educational investment within a few years, though this varies by industry. Before committing to a college or secondary education, thoroughly research the field you wish to enter. Consider average salaries, potential for career advancement, and typical career ceilings.
The value of student loan debt hinges on the earning potential associated with the degree you pursue. Make informed decisions to ensure your educational investment pays off.
Starting a Business
It takes money to make money, and starting a business is a prime example of this principle. Most businesses require an initial investment, and often it’s substantial. You can use a loan to launch your business and facilitate its growth.
Starting a business involves risks, just like any other investment. Conduct thorough research on your industry to understand what strategies have succeeded or failed for others. Evaluate the risks and decide if taking out a loan is a wise choice for your situation.
Be cautious of high-interest loans, such as payday loans or unsecured personal loans, as they can lead to financial strain due to their high repayment costs. It’s important to know how much you’re borrowing. Loans come with an annual percentage rate (APR), which represents the interest rate as a percentage of the principal amount borrowed. This rate determines how much you will pay for the borrowed money over time.
Real Estate
A great example of good debt vs. bad debt is real estate because you’ll see a return on your investment directly. Borrowing money to invest in real estate earns you equity in the property. Equity is the difference between the property’s value and how much you owe in debt.
Typically, real estate appreciates, but there’s always the risk of losing value, such as what occurred during the 2008 housing crisis. As long as you pay down your mortgage as planned or even ahead of schedule, you’ll build equity faster.
Investing in real estate can be for personal use, such as a primary residence, or for investment purposes, such as commercial or rental properties.
Like any investment, do your research and make sure you’re making a good choice before taking on real estate debt. Investing in an area where the property values don’t appreciate or buying a rental home in an area that isn’t rented often can lead to bad real estate debt.
What is bad debt?
People tend to assume that all debt is bad, but bad debt specifically refers to debt used to finance depreciating assets. Unlike investments in appreciating assets, this type of debt involves spending on items that lose value over time.
Here are a few examples of bad debt:
Cars
You need a car to get from Point A to Point B. That’s a given. However, you don’t need a luxury car or a car you can’t afford to pay for without financing. It’s best to pay cash for a car if you can because it’s a depreciating asset.
When you borrow money to buy a car, you pay interest on the loan and lose money on the value of the car. Most cars lose 20% of their value during the first year after you drive them off the lot.
When you don’t have the money to buy a car outright or your money isn’t enough to buy a reliable car, look for the best financing terms. Many manufacturers offer low interest rates or 0% APR for borrowers with great credit.
If you anticipate buying a car soon, it’s time to work on your credit before taking out a car loan to get the best deal. Auto loans require you to factor in different things before taking them.
Clothes and Other Necessities
Buying clothes is a necessity, but borrowing money for them is not advisable. Clothes often have inflated prices and do not increase in value, meaning you pay more than their actual worth. Consider shopping at overstock sales or second-hand stores, where items are often much cheaper than in retail stores.
Borrowing money for everyday expenses like food, household goods, and other consumer items is also not a wise financial decision. Using a credit card for convenience is fine, but it’s important to pay off the balance in full each month. Failing to do so can lead to accumulating high-interest debt, making it difficult to escape the debt cycle.
Luxury
You should not borrow money to purchase luxury items. Why not? Just look at the name—luxury. You don’t ‘need’ these items, but you buy them anyway.
There’s nothing wrong with spoiling yourself occasionally, but not at the expense of your future. Rather than racking up credit card debt to buy luxurious items, determine what you want and save for it. Set a timeline and divide the amount you’ll need by the number of months until you potentially buy it. Save that amount of money each month, and you should reach your goal within your desired timeline.
Yes, this requires a great deal of patience. But, when you purchase luxury items with debt, you rack up interest charges and end up paying much more for them than they’re worth.
What debts fall in the gray area?
Some debts don’t fit neatly into ‘good’ or ‘bad’ categories and depend on the circumstances. Here are a couple of examples.
Borrowing to Pay Off Debt
Paying off high-interest credit card debt with a low-interest loan can be a good idea, but here’s when it becomes a bad debt. If you consolidate your debt into a 0% or low-interest rate loan but do not allocate the “extra” money saved towards your debt, you’ll end up in the same situation.
The key is to pay the same amount of money to the debt but with a lower set monthly payment and interest rate. More of your payment will go towards the loan’s principal, paying it down faster. This means you’ll pay less interest over the life of the loan and have more money in your pocket in the future.
If you continue to make the minimum payments using your “saved” money, then it’s a bad debt, as it won’t benefit you.
Borrowing to Invest
Investing on margin may be possible for experienced investors with the right credentials. While leveraging in this way can be profitable, it’s not guaranteed. If the investment fails, you’ll lose more than you borrowed, resulting in significant debt.
However, if your investment performs well and generates profit after repaying the margin, then borrowing to invest can be considered a successful financial strategy.
Final Thoughts
Recognize the difference between good and bad debt. Use debt wisely by investing in appreciating assets, making timely payments, and avoiding high-interest loans. Develop a financial plan to manage debt and achieve your goals.
Managing debt wisely is essential for financial success. Prioritize timely payments, avoid high-interest loans, and focus on investments that enhance your financial health. By understanding and differentiating between good and bad debt, you can make informed decisions and achieve your financial goals.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I determine if my education loan is good debt?
Education loans can be considered good debt if they lead to a degree or certification that significantly enhances your earning potential. Before taking out a loan, research the average salaries in your chosen field and the employment rates for graduates. If the potential income increase outweighs the cost of the loan, it can be considered good debt.
Are there any strategies for managing bad debt?
Yes, there are several strategies to manage bad debt. These include creating a budget to track and limit spending, consolidating high-interest debts into a lower-interest loan, prioritizing paying off high-interest debt first, and avoiding accumulating additional debt by making smarter spending choices.
What are some warning signs that my debt is becoming unmanageable?
Warning signs that debt is becoming unmanageable include missing payments, using one credit card to pay off another, maxing out credit cards, being unable to save money, and experiencing stress or anxiety about finances. If you notice these signs, it might be time to seek financial advice or consider debt counseling.
Can consolidating debt improve my credit score?
Consolidating debt can improve your credit score if it helps you make timely payments and reduces your overall credit utilization ratio. However, it’s essential to avoid accumulating new debt and to use the consolidation loan responsibly by sticking to a repayment plan.
Is it ever a good idea to borrow money for luxury items?
Borrowing money for luxury items is generally not advisable as it leads to bad debt. Luxury items do not appreciate in value and often result in high-interest payments if financed through credit cards or loans. It’s better to save up for luxury purchases and pay in cash to avoid unnecessary debt and interest charges.
How can I ensure that borrowing to start a business is good debt?
To ensure that borrowing to start a business is good debt, conduct thorough market research, create a detailed business plan, and have a clear understanding of your industry. Assess the potential return on investment and ensure that you can make loan payments without compromising your financial stability. Consider seeking advice from financial advisors or mentors in your industry.
What steps can I take to avoid falling into bad debt?
To avoid falling into bad debt, create and stick to a budget, live within your means, save for purchases instead of using credit, and avoid high-interest loans. Additionally, focus on building an emergency fund to cover unexpected expenses and regularly review your financial situation to make adjustments as needed.
The most surefire way to get out of debt is to create a detailed budget, prioritize paying off debts with the highest interest rates first while making minimum payments on others, and consistently allocate extra funds toward debt repayment until all balances are cleared. Additionally, consider seeking professional financial advice to explore options like debt consolidation or settlement if necessary.
In the fourth quarter of 2023, the amount of household debt in the United States increased to $17.5 trillion. Although credit cards, mortgages, and loans have several benefits, some consumers have trouble repaying what they borrowed. If you’ve been struggling to get your finances on track, learn how to get out of debt by creating a budget, earning extra money, and adjusting your spending habits.
1. Identify Your “Why”
Everyone needs a little motivation from time to time. Before you start your debt-free journey, it’s important to identify your “why,” or your main reason for getting out of debt. Here are a few ideas to get you started:
You don’t want the stress of making minimum payments every month.
You’re tired of being behind on your bills.
You’d rather put extra money in your savings account than spend it on debt payments.
You want to create a strong financial future for your family.
You need to set aside funds to care for a child with special needs.
You’re tired of arguing with your spouse or partner about money.
You don’t want your kids to have to take out thousands of dollars in loans to pay for college.
You want to travel around the world while you’re healthy enough to enjoy it.
2. Assess Your Current Situation
Before you start making extra payments, review your bank and credit card statements to determine how much you’ve been spending each month. Be sure to include every expense, no matter how small, from snacks to streaming subscriptions.
Once you have a handle on your expenses, make a list of credit cards, loans, and other debts. For each debt, note the creditor’s name, the balance due, and the minimum monthly payment. At the bottom of the page, add up your balances to determine the total amount of debt you have.
3. Review Your Spending Habits
Next, look at the list of expenses from the previous step. Ask yourself these questions:
Are there any duplicate expenses, such as two charges for the same subscription?
Can you eliminate any of the items on your list?
Are you spending more than you earn each month?
The answers to these questions will help you determine how to get out of debt faster. For example, if you’re spending more than you earn each month, your priority should be to increase your income or reduce your expenses to eliminate the shortfall.
As you review your expenses, see if you can identify any spending triggers, which are things that cause you to spend money impulsively. Limited-time discounts, negative emotions, envy, and boredom are examples of triggers that may lead to increased spending.
Once you identify your triggers, work to eliminate them. For example, if you notice you buy something every time you receive a weekly email from your favorite retailer, consider unsubscribing from the retailer’s email list.
4. Make a Budget
If you think budgeting is only for people with lower incomes, think again. Having a budget makes it easier to get your finances on track, regardless of whether you earn $40,000 or $400,000 per year. To create a personal budget, follow these steps:
Calculate your net income from all sources. Your net income is the amount of money remaining after taxes, health insurance premiums, and other deductions are taken from your paycheck.
Add up your monthly expenses.
Subtract your expenses from your net income. If the result is positive, you have some money left over each month. A negative result indicates you’re spending more than you earn.
Here’s an example to help you understand the process:
Cassandra nets $2,247 per month from her full-time job and $325 per month from her side hustle. Her net income is $2,572.
Cassandra shares a two-bedroom apartment with a friend from college, so she pays just $750 per month in rent. She also spends $350 per month on groceries, $218 per month on student loan payments, $150 per month on utilities, $175 per month on public transportation, and $829 per month on clothing, toiletries, entertainment, and other personal expenses. Her expenses add up to $2,472 per month.
After subtracting $2,472 in expenses from $2,572 in net income, Cassandra has $100 left over.
If you have trouble keeping track of your income and expenses, use this monthly budgeting sheet.
5. Find Ways to Increase Your Income
Slashing your expenses is a great start, but if you have a significant amount of debt, you’ll also want to increase your income. The more income you have, the easier it is to pay off debt quickly.
To maximize your earning potential, do at least one of the following:
Apply for a part-time job.
Start a service-based business in your neighborhood.
Sell clothing, accessories, and household items via online marketplaces.
Deliver for DoorDash, Instacart, Grubhub, or Uber Eats.
Become a driver for Uber or Lyft.
If you start your own business or work as an independent contractor, you’ll have to pay self-employment taxes on your net income. To avoid having a large tax bill on April 15, it’s wise to make estimated quarterly payments.
6. Focus on One Thing at a Time
You have a finite amount of resources, so rather than trying to tackle multiple goals at one time, pick a goal and stick with it. For example, if you have three credit cards, focus on paying one of them in full. You can worry about the other credit cards later.
7. Set Short-Term and Long-Term Goals
Learning how to get out of debt doesn’t happen overnight. If you have multiple accounts, it may take several years to pay them all in full. It’s easy to get discouraged if you have to wait years to celebrate an accomplishment.
To stay motivated, choose a mix of short-term and long-term goals. If your long-term goal is to pay off your credit card debt, a good short-term goal might be to pay off one credit card with a $500 balance. Paying off a small debt gives you a sense of accomplishment, helping you stay motivated.
8. Choose a Debt Payoff Method
Once you have your goals in mind, you need to choose a debt payoff method. You can use the debt snowball or the debt avalanche:
Debt snowball: With the snowball method, you pay off your debts in order of smallest balance to largest balance. For example, if you have debts of $500, $750, and $1,000, you’d pay them off in that order. Each time you pay off a debt, you free up more money to tackle the other accounts.
Debt avalanche: To use the debt avalanche method, list your debts according to their interest rates, with the highest rates at the top of the list and the lowest rates at the bottom. For example, if you have a $3,000 loan with an interest rate of 19% and a $1,500 credit card balance with an interest rate of 28%, you’d pay off the credit card debt first, even though the loan balance is higher.
The snowball method gives you a psychological boost every time you pay a balance in full, so some people find it easier to follow than the avalanche method. However, you may end up paying more in interest if you don’t pay off high-interest balances quickly.
With the debt avalanche method, the opposite is true. You pay less in interest, but it also takes longer to pay off each account, which may leave you struggling to stay motivated.
9. Set Up Automatic Payments
Make things easy on yourself by setting up automatic payments for the minimum balance on each debt. If you have extra money, you can always make a second payment later in the month. Automatic payments eliminate the need to remember your due date, reducing the risk of late or missed payments, which can have a drastic impact on your credit.
10. Apply for a Balance Transfer Credit Card With 0% Interest
If you have a good credit score, consider applying for a balance transfer card with a 0% APR. The promotional APR lasts for a limited amount of time, but it could help you pay off high-interest debt much faster.
For example, if you have a $1,000 balance on a high-interest credit card, you can move it to a balance-transfer card with 0% interest for 12 months. Just make sure you pay off the balance transfer before the promotional period expires.
If you don’t have the credit needed to qualify for a balance transfer card, sign up for credit monitoring to help you determine when your credit has improved enough to apply for a new account.
You can learn more about managing debt and other financial topics at Credit.com.
Discover methods to achieve financial harmony in relationships and why fiduciary advisors are often considered trustworthy.
Sara’s Corner: How can couples equitably share the mental load of managing finances? Can you trust fiduciary financial advisors? Hosts Sean Pyles and Sara Rathner begin with a discussion about the division of financial responsibilities among couples to help you understand how to create financial harmony in your relationship.
Today’s Money Question: Elizabeth Ayoola joins Sean to explain how you can choose a financial professional to work with, starting with an in-depth look at different types of fiduciaries including Certified Financial Planners (CFPs), financial coaches, and financial therapists. They discuss the nuances of fiduciary compensation structures and explain how you can advocate for yourself when selecting a financial advisor to work with.
Check out this episode on your favorite podcast platform, including:
NerdWallet stories related to this episode:
Episode transcript
This transcript was generated from podcast audio by an AI tool.
Sean Pyles:
Do you know which financial advisors you can trust and which might just be looking to make a buck? Well, this episode will help you sort the good from the sketchy in the world of financial advice.
Sara Rathner:
Welcome to NerdWallet’s Smart Money Podcast, where we help you make smarter financial decisions one money question at a time. I’m Sara Rathner.
Sean Pyles:
And I’m Sean Pyles. This episode, we’re joined by our co-host Elizabeth Ayoola to answer a listener’s question about fiduciary financial advisors. Are they all they’re hyped up to be and how do they compare to other folks looking to make money from giving advice?
Sara Rathner:
I would say the answer to those questions are usually, and they’re better, but I don’t want to steal your and Elizabeth’s thunder.
Sean Pyles:
I appreciate the restraint, Sara, even though you did just say those things.
But anyway, before we get into that, we’re going to hang out for a bit in Sara’s Corner. This is a thing I just made up where we hear from Sara about something that she recently wrote. Sara’s Corner, it’s cozy here.
Sara Rathner:
I mean, I do keep a blanket on the back of my desk chair, so it is cozy here.
Sean Pyles:
Sounds nice.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah. My corner is cozy and also may be full of emotionally fraught conversations because I do really like to write about couples and money, so let’s bring on the fighting.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, that’s a good combination, I’d say.
So Sara, you recently wrote an article about how couples can share the mental load of money management. So to start, what inspired you to write this article? Are you giving us a peek into the Rathner household?
Sara Rathner:
Maybe a little deep down, but honestly, it’s really about what my social media algorithms are serving up lately, besides baby sleep experts and a little bit of Zillow Gone Wild, which is an account I highly recommend. So fun. You never know when an indoor pool’s going to pop up.
There are quite a few people who are influencer-type personalities who discuss topics like the mental load and emotional labor within families and within households, and it got me thinking about something that causes a lot of fights about who’s handling what task, and that is, as always, money.
Sean Pyles:
So in your article, you write that “Couples can fall into unproductive patterns that can lead to conflict, resentment, and even willful ignorance.” And this goes beyond money in a lot of relationships, and I do feel like this is something that anyone who’s been in a long-term relationship can relate to. So can you give us an example of one of these unproductive patterns and how can they be damaging to a relationship?
Sara Rathner:
One source I interviewed talked about what they called a manager-follower dynamic where one person in the couple is in charge and they delegate tasks to their significant other, and that’s fine at work. At home, it could also be fine depending on the task, but sometimes it could get a little icky, and even if one person is handling 100% of a task, you are both benefiting equally from that labor.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. That reminds me of friends I’ve talked with who have found themselves in relationships with partners who really want a parent more than an actual partner, and that can be exhausting to deal with.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah, it’s totally fine to divvy up a task and have one person kind of be like, “I’m the point person for this, so if you have any questions about it, come and ask me,” but you’re agreeing to that together. It’s not this automatic, “Well, I’m the more adulty adult here and you act like a child, so I’m going to be your parent.” That’s a really gross dynamic to have in any romantic relationship. If you are in that right now, I don’t know, reconsider.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, it can really strip away the romance from that relationship.
Sara Rathner:
Yeah, there’s nothing romantic about constantly reminding your partner to pick up their damn socks already. Adults can put socks in hampers, I’m just saying.
Sean Pyles:
That’s very true. Well, the hard thing is that with money, this can be a really easy dynamic to slip into because one person might know more about managing money than the other, so they end up just taking on all the money tasks or they delegate specific tasks to their partner, and if only one person knows about the finances of the household, that can be a very risky situation for both parties in the relationship.
Sara Rathner:
Exactly. And again, it’s totally fine and totally normal for one of you to feel more confident dealing with money. Maybe you’ve just managed your money differently back when you were single, maybe you work in finance. That is normal, but it’s still both of your responsibility.
And the same source that told me about the manager-follower dynamic also said to me that like any task, money tasks are things that you can learn by doing. So even if you are the less confident one in your relationship when it comes to these kinds of responsibilities, you can still grow your skill set. You can learn by doing. And so as you go forward in the future, you can take on more and more tasks with confidence and not fall into that dynamic where you’re constantly relying on the other person to tell you what to do.
Sean Pyles:
Let’s turn to some solutions. You first suggest that couples approach money as equals, which sounds great. Is the idea here that no one person in the relationship should have more power over their finances than another?
Sara Rathner:
Absolutely. The dynamic where one person handles everything and the other person could not be bothered to know the passwords to any accounts is not good. That’s not a healthy dynamic. At best, it’s unfair. The division of labor is, in that case, is putting a lot of that work on only one person’s shoulders, and at worst, it could be a sign of financial abuse. Withholding your partner’s access to finances is sometimes a situation where you are dealing with abuse and that’s something to keep your eyes open about. But even if your partner is totally happy to hand off the work and know nothing of the household finances, they could end up in a really tough spot if your relationship ends, either through divorce or breaking up or even if the partner passes away.
Sean Pyles:
So it might be a good idea for couples that are living together, have a long-term relationship, and have somewhat intermingled finances to even know the logins to each other’s accounts. Is that something that you’ve explored too?
Sara Rathner:
Yeah, you could even use a password manager to do that because you can share passwords with each other very easily or you could be really lo-fi about it and just have a list stored in a secure place like a safe that you keep updated once a year. You definitely want to both be equal partners in access to the money even if you don’t necessarily divvy up those month-to-month or week-to-week tasks equally.
Sean Pyles:
Well, what about actually getting those money tasks done? How should couples determine who does what?
Sara Rathner:
Well, this is where the whole money date thing comes, and we talk about this a lot. Sit down, pour yourself the beverage of choice, a cup of tea, a glass of wine, and have a chat about what bills are due, what savings goals you have, which kid has outgrown their clothes and needs to go shopping because that’s also a financial thing, all those sorts of money-related responsibilities that you have coming up in the next week, the next month, even the next three months. And in that conversation, you can also divide up the tasks.
Sean Pyles:
And it can be helpful to have different types of meetings at different times. Maybe once a quarter you have a higher-level meeting where you think about where you want to be at the end of that quarter or at the end of the year. And then at the beginning of each month, you can think, “Okay, here are the things we need to get done this month,” and then maybe even on a weekly basis, you can think more tactically around, “Okay, we need to get a bunch of whatever thing at Costco this week and that’s going to be a bigger bite out of our grocery budget, so let’s make sure we make room for that,” just so you have different conversations at different levels as you are managing your finances together.
Sara Rathner:
Yes, and I like to think of it in terms of that timeframe. What has to be done in the next few days, what has to be done this month, and then what’s a longer-term conversation?
Sean Pyles:
Well, this reminds me a little bit about how my partner and I manage other household tasks like doing the dishes, for example. In general, in our household, whoever cooks dinner does not have to load the dishwasher, and if you load the dishwasher, you don’t have to unload the dishwasher when it’s clean. And for us, it really comes down to being about balance.
Sara Rathner:
Exactly. And by splitting up responsibilities this way, you’re also acknowledging the labor that the person who cooked is performing. You do the dishes because you respect the work it took for the other person to cook. And in my house, because we have the baby to wrangle, I do most of the cooking. While I am doing that, my husband is handling the child care because I don’t want to stop cooking to change a dirty diaper because that’s unsanitary. So in our home, it’s this acknowledgement of, “You are 100% dealing with a baby and I’m 100% dealing with the cooking, and we have to split this moment up in order for us to get dinner on the table.”
Sean Pyles:
Well, do you have any other advice for how couples, or I guess anyone co-managing a household together, can find a more harmonious way to manage their finances?
Sara Rathner:
So another thing is once you divvy up those tasks during that money date, another really important thing is owning tasks that you agree to take on from start to finish. And this is where we talk about weaponized incompetence and all those psychological phrases that get thrown around on social media when you say you’re going to do something and you don’t do it and you’re, “Eh, it’s too hard.” No, it’s not.
Sean Pyles:
Just do it.
Sara Rathner:
Right. If you show your partner that you’re going to agree to do something and then you don’t do it to an agreed upon level of completion, you’re showing them that they can’t trust you.
So in your money date, not only do you talk about the major overarching tasks that you both need to complete, but you can break them down into subtasks so it doesn’t feel quite so intimidating. So if you’re the one to step up to own a task, that means you take care of it from start to finish, and it doesn’t mean you can’t ask for help if you get stuck. You are still partners, but you are just the one spearheading everything.
Sean Pyles:
Well, Sara, thanks for sharing your insights. I like hanging out in this corner with you. It’s cozy.
Sara Rathner:
I’ll bring a second blanket for next time-
Sean Pyles:
Thank you.
Sara Rathner:
… so we could build a fort together.
Sean Pyles:
I love it. And listener, if you want to check out Sara’s article, you can find a link to it in this episode’s show notes.
And now let’s check in on this month’s Nerdy question, which was what’s the best thing you spent money on this month? Last week, we heard from a listener who spent money on a third opinion from a doctor ahead of a major surgery and was able to find a more effective and less invasive way to resolve their pain. So hooray for taking charge of your own healthcare.
Sara Rathner:
And here’s what another listener texted us. “Hello. My favorite purchase so far is a used grand piano. I paid $4,000 and $1,000 to move it to my apartment on the third floor, no elevator, but it’s the best money I spent.” Wow. “I practice more than four times a week and it’s worth every penny.”
Sean Pyles:
Ugh, I love that this listener is spending money on something that is both a creative outlet and also likely a very beautiful thing to just have in their apartment. And I’m not going to pretend like spending $5,000 is nothing, it’s a significant chunk of change, but I’m willing to bet that they will get some good use out of it and it might just end up that they put some family photos on it eventually after the novelty of having a piano wears off, but still, it’ll be nice to look at.
Sara Rathner:
Also, I’ll say that having lived in a third-floor walk-up apartment, can I just say how impressed I am that it’s possible to get a grand piano up there? Because that was not what the staircase was like in the apartment building I was living in. Maybe you could hoist it through a window?
Sean Pyles:
Yes, I think you do have to do that. You take out the window. Sometimes you have to get a permit from the city. It can easily be $1,000 or more depending on where you are.
Well, listeners, we have so loved hearing from you and all of the great things that you are doing with your money. So to share the best thing that you spent money on last month, text us or leave a voicemail on the Nerd hotline at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD, or email us a voice memo at [email protected].
Sara Rathner:
And while you’re at it, send us your money questions too. It is quite literally our job to answer them and we love to hear what situations you’re mulling over. So please tell us and we’ll try and solve these problems together.
Sean Pyles:
Well, before we get into this episode’s money question, we have an exciting announcement. We are running another book giveaway sweepstakes ahead of our next Nerdy Book Club episode.
Sara Rathner:
Our next guest is Jake Cousineau, author of How to Adult: Personal Finance for the Real World, which offers tips to young people on how to get started with managing their money.
Sean Pyles:
To enter for a chance to win our book giveaway, send an email to [email protected] with the subject “Book Sweepstakes” during the sweepstakes period. Entries must be received by 11:59 p.m. Pacific Time on May 17th. Include the following information: your first and last name, email address, zip code, and phone number. For more information, please visit our official sweepstakes rules page.
Now let’s get into my conversation with our co-host, Elizabeth Ayoola, about whether fiduciaries are all they’re hyped up to be.
We’re back and answering your money questions to help you make smarter financial decisions. And this episode’s question comes from Ian, who wrote us an email. Here it is. “Hi, team. I hear fiduciaries being peddled like some kind of miracle cure for financial planning, but I’m curious how being a fiduciary actually works. What is the enforcement mechanism? Is there a licensing body, like for nurses or doctors? What makes a fiduciary more trustworthy than someone who is making a promise that they totally have your best interest in mind? Cheers, Ian.”
Elizabeth Ayoola:
This is a good question to ask, especially if you’re trusting someone with your money. And I really like this topic because I recently covered it in a paraplanner course I’m taking. Sean, I know you’re also in the deep waters of coursework since you’re studying to become a certified financial planner professional, which is a fiduciary role. So you’re going to answer Ian’s question so we can test your knowledge.
Sean Pyles:
That is right.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Sean Pyles:
A fiduciary is just a fancy term for someone who has an obligation, usually a legal or professional obligation, to put their client’s interests before their own. A fiduciary can be a doctor caring for your health, a family member managing someone’s estate, or in this case, a financial professional who is managing the personal finances of their clients.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Okay. So in summary, a fiduciary prioritizes you and not their pockets.
Sean Pyles:
That is the idea and the hope, but there’s a little more to it than that, and I really have to hand it to this listener because I appreciate their skepticism about what it means to be a fiduciary because they are touted as the gold standard among financial advisors.
I also think we need to zoom out a little bit and talk about what it means to be a financial advisor because the term “financial advisor” is not regulated. Anyone can call themselves a financial advisor, even the sketchiest, hustle-culture peddlers on TikTok.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I actually think we could do an entire episode on that, Sean. Right now there’s so many people sharing financial advice, and I’m afraid that people might not be doing enough vetting before taking these people’s financial advice, or even realizing that all advice shared doesn’t have their best interests at heart.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. And as a side note, I’m not a fan of imposter syndrome, but the personal finance space is one where maybe more people should feel imposter syndrome because there are just too many people online without qualifications or experience telling others what to do with their money.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I second that. And the wrong advice could really lead to great financial chaos for people, so they should absolutely be scared of sharing inaccurate or misleading advice.
Sean Pyles:
Totally. And if I’m being completely honest with myself, part of why I’m pursuing the CFP certification is to quell my own occasional imposter syndrome because I, as a professional in the personal finance space, want to get as much information as I can and I want to be as qualified as I can be to help others, but that’s just me holding myself to a very high standard that I think maybe other people should hold themselves to as well.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
And that’s why I like you, Sean. Okay, obviously there’s other reasons I like you too, but that’s exactly why I’m doing my qualification also because I want to share accurate advice with people. And I love to answer my friends and family’s finances questions when I can, so I want to make sure I actually know what I’m talking about.
Anyway, so back to our listener’s question. Ian wants to know how being a fiduciary actually works in the financial planning space. CFPs are a fiduciary, so how does that actually work in practice, Sean?
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, that’s a good question because Ian asked about licensing to affirm that someone is a fiduciary, and in the personal finance space, that usually means getting a CFP certification, which is the gold standard of education and conduct in the financial planning space. So please indulge me as I give you a sip of the Kool-Aid that I’ve been drinking during my CFP coursework, and I’ll explain what it means to be a certified financial planner professional/fiduciary.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Come on. Tell us, Sean.
Sean Pyles:
Okay. So part of becoming a certified financial planner involves intensive education, passing a difficult exam, but then once you are certified, you have to act according to the Code of Ethics and Standards of Conduct that are outlined by the CFP Board. And there are three parts to this fiduciary duty that is also outlined by the Standard of Conduct.
So first, there’s a duty of loyalty, which states that a CFP professional has to put their client’s interests ahead of their own, like we talked about before. They also have to avoid, disclose, and manage conflicts of interest, and they must only act in the financial interest of the client, not themselves or the firm that they work for. They also have a duty of care, which basically mandates that the CFP professional has to be competent and do their best to help their clients meet their financial goals. Also, they have a duty to follow client instructions, where a CFP professional has to abide by the terms of the engagement with their clients.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Wow, that is a lot, but honestly, it would give me confidence as a client to know that someone jumped through all those hoops for me.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, and that’s really just scratching the surface, too. And the Standard of Conduct is a big part of why being a CFP is a big deal in the personal finance space.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
But here’s the thing, Sean, our listener, and to be honest, me too, is also wondering about enforcement. So let’s say a CFP professional decides to prioritize them making an extra dollar over what’s best for the client, and I don’t know, let’s say they push them into an investment or some kind of insurance product that isn’t actually a good fit for the client. What happens then? Do they call the cops? What do we do?
Sean Pyles:
The police are not involved in this unfortunately, but there is an enforcement mechanism at the CFP Board. If someone suspects that a CFP isn’t living up to their fiduciary responsibilities, they can file a complaint with the board and the board will investigate, and there are a number of disciplinary actions that it could take, including stripping someone of their certification.
The thing is, the onus is typically on the clients to file the complaints, and that’s part of why hiring a financial professional, hiring a CFP doesn’t mean that you can totally sit back and ignore your money. You still have to be engaged and monitor what’s going on.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
For sure, I learned that the hard way, so I try to learn things here and there. But thanks for explaining that.
I do have another question though. How would the client even know if they aren’t financially savvy or if they have a sketchy history? Are there some telltale signs?
Sean Pyles:
Yeah, this is the really tricky part, right? You’re going to this financial professional because of their expertise, so they probably know more about this topic than you do, and that can make it hard to know if they are BSing you or maybe more likely to violate their ethical duty later on. There are a couple of things that you can do though.
Before you even hire a financial professional, do your due diligence and shop around. I would recommend talking with a few different financial advisors before you decide which one you want to work with long-term. You can think of it like dating in that way. You want to get to know them and feel that you can trust them. And then once you are in this vetting process, I would say turn to our old friend Google and dig into each planner that you’re considering a little bit, like you would anyone that you’re dating. Verify that they actually have the certification that they say they do, and look and see if they’ve had any disciplinary actions that have been marked against them publicly. Also, you can just Google around and see if they’ve done anything else that you find suspicious or weird that you just aren’t on board with.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Wow. I love those tips, Sean. And I also must say, when you said, “Your old friend Google,” it just reminded me about how long I’ve been in a long-term relationship with Google, but the tip’s definitely way more important. So basically, you’re telling us to put our investigator hat on. So okay, what’s the other thing you think people should do?
Sean Pyles:
Okay, so this might sound a little bit squishy, but go with your gut. If you talk with someone enough, you can probably tell if they aren’t confident in their grasp of the information they’re presenting. And even if they are, you might find that they just have a different money philosophy from you, which can signal that you guys are not compatible. For example, I once worked with a financial planner who suggested that I could take a 401(k) loan to solve a short-term cashflow issue that I had. And I personally happened to think that taking a loan against my own retirement for a problem that was going to work itself out anyway was an exceptionally bad idea, so I decided to work with another financial planner instead from that point on.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Wow, that advice does not sound good, especially if it was suggested before exploring other alternatives that may not set you back for retirement. And I do understand that some people have to take out a loan against their 401(k), and that’s the only option that they have, but the downside is it might set you back, but I’m glad you went with your gut.
Sean Pyles:
Right. It wasn’t right from my circumstances or how I like to manage my money, and that’s what the bottom line was for me.
Now, so far, Elizabeth, we’ve been talking a lot about CFPs because that really is going to be the primary type of fiduciary that a lot of people looking for financial planning will encounter, but I want to go back to the idea that there are a lot of other people out there giving personal finance advice.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Mm-hmm. People on TikTok, your nosy friends who are always getting in your business, the people interrupting my YouTube videos with their long-winded ads.
Sean Pyles:
Yes, but also accredited financial coaches and certified financial therapists. Both of those are fiduciaries, but they have different standards of conduct and enforcement mechanisms.
Elizabeth, I know that you have some experience working with financial therapists, so can you give us the rundown on what they do and why someone might benefit from working with one?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I do, I do have experience with that, Sean. I am a wellness fanatic, that’s just a personal note, so I love the topic of financial therapy and also financial wellness. So essentially a financial therapist can help investors understand their worries and their fears around money. They also help you identify the feelings and the beliefs that you have around your money and your habits. Another way to put it is they help you identify and eliminate your money blocks, which are things getting in the way of you achieving your financial goals.
Sean Pyles:
And financial coaches are somewhere between a CFP and a financial therapist. They help people meet their financial goals, and they might be better suited to help those who aren’t super high-net-worth, don’t have a lot of investable assets. Accredited financial coaches also have a specific focus on diversity, equity, and inclusion, which is really important in the personal finance space, considering the racial and gender financial inequity in this country.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Absolutely. They’re doing good work and we have a lot of work to do to close the gap, but as a woman and a Black woman at that, I hope we see more progress in coming years.
Sean Pyles:
So we’ve just run through a few different types of fiduciary financial professionals, and here’s my bottom line: if you are getting individualized financial advice, it’s probably for the best if that person is also a fiduciary because you know that that is a stamp of credibility, and it goes way beyond a financial influencer on TikTok telling you to sign up for their class and then peddling some investment account from a company that’s really just bankrolling their lifestyle.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
1,000%. I know me personally, I’m at a point where I’m growing wealth and I’m trying to make the right investment choices so I can see positive growth in the coming years. On that note, I would definitely go to a fiduciary if I was stuck trying to make a tough financial decision.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. At the least, when you are receiving financial advice from someone, whether in person, on social media, or even on a podcast, I think people should ask themselves three questions: what is this person’s qualifications, how are they getting paid, and why are they doing this?
Elizabeth Ayoola:
I definitely think more people should ask those questions. But Sean, say more about that money part because that’s a big piece of the puzzle too.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. Well, in the financial planning space, there are three main ways that people are compensated beyond a base salary. They can be fee-only, fee-based, and commission-based.
So when you meet with a fee-only advisor, they might charge you an hourly fee or a fee based on a certain percentage of your assets that they’re managing, maybe 1 or 2%. That’s pretty common. And fee-based is really similar, but there is a key difference, and that is that this advisor might get a commission from products that they sell you, like an insurance product or a specific investment account. And commission-based is exactly that: the advisor makes their money from selling financial products. So you can probably imagine why the commission-based pay structure gives some people pause.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
For sure. And then even if the advisor is a fiduciary, being commission-based could muddy the waters a little bit.
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. And for those who are really concerned about any conflicts of interest in the financial advisor space, fee-only might be the route where they feel most comfortable.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Well, Sean, thank you for this rundown of what it means to be a fiduciary. Your coursework is courseworking, and I can see the studying is paying off. Do you have any final words?
Sean Pyles:
Yeah. I’d say that if you want a financial professional to help you with your finances, vet them thoroughly, shop around, and remember that at the end of the day, you have to be your own best advocate to get what you want from your money.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
Absolutely. And that’s all we have for this episode. Sean, thank you for educating we the people. Remember, we are here for you and we want to hear your money questions to help you make smarter financial decisions, so turn to the Nerds and call or text us your questions at 901-730-6373. That’s 901-730-NERD. You can also email us at [email protected], and also visit nerdwallet.com/podcast for more information on this particular episode. And remember to follow, rate, and review us wherever you’re getting this podcast.
Sean Pyles:
This episode was produced by Tess Vigeland and me. Sara Brink mixed our audio. And a big thank you to NerdWallet’s editors for all their help.
And here’s our brief disclaimer. We are not financial or investment advisors. This nerdy info is provided for general educational and entertainment purposes and may not apply to your specific circumstances.
Elizabeth Ayoola:
And with that said, until next time, turn to the Nerds.
Inside: Discover the keys to successful budgeting with our guide on budget tools, adjusting strategies, and setting financial goals for transformative money management. Creating budgets with your expenses allows you freedom.
Budgeting is one of the parts of managing money that everyone dreads. However, a well-thought-out budget lays the groundwork for mindful spending that reflects your values and paves the way toward accumulating significant wealth.
So, you need to learn the key components of a successful budget.
Budgeting is the cornerstone of building a sustainable financial future where every dollar is assigned a purpose, ensuring that saving and investing become routine, not afterthoughts.
By committing to the principles of disciplined budget tracking and adjustment, you can craft a monetary trajectory that systematically demolishes debt and expands your assets.
Thus, inching you closer to the coveted millionaire status that started with no money with every financial decision you make.
Mastering the art of budgeting requires patience, insight, and the will to see your financial goals come to fruition.
What is the key to good budgeting?
The cornerstone of good budgeting lies in understanding your monetary landscape and wielding control over it.
This means not just noting down numbers, but analyzing your income, expenses, and financial objectives. It’s about crafting a financial map that leads you to your desired destination, be it debt freedom, investment, or saving for something grand.
Remember, a sturdy budget plan is your ally in the financial journey—it helps you stay disciplined, steer clear of fiscal pitfalls, and ensure that your hard-earned money is working for you.
How Mastering Your Finances Can Transform Your Life
First of all, I can attest to starting a budget, sticking to the process, and how my life is now much different than I started. It was hard work and always not fun. But, now, I can experience time freedom like never before.
The magic of mastering your finances is that it does more than just balance your books; it has the potential to utterly transform your life.
Empowered by financial knowledge and a well-executed budget, you can pave the path to your dreams, whether that’s retiring early, traveling the world, or providing a stable future for your loved ones. It instills a sense of financial confidence and peace of mind, knowing that you are in control of your financial destiny.
Element 1: Set Clear Financial Objectives
Setting clear financial goals is like having a compass that guides you through your journey. It involves delineating what you aspire to achieve with your money both in the short term and long term.
You need to plan for and consider variables like inflation and economic shifts.
Identifying Short-Term and Long-Term Financial Goals
To cover your bases, you need to address both immediate and future needs:
Identifying short-term financial goals, typically achievable within one to three years like saving for a vacation or paying off credit card debt.
Long-term financial goals, are usually set for five years or more, such as saving for retirement or a child’s education.
The Role of Specific Goals in Successful Budgeting
Having specific financial goals ensures that each dollar in your budget is assigned a clear purpose, enhancing the likelihood of sticking to your budgeting plan and achieving financial stability.
You can set precise targets such as saving a particular amount for a home down payment and measure your progress and adjust your spending habits accordingly. Thus, making the budgeting process more effective and goal-oriented.
Element 2: Track Your Income and Expenses Religiously
Tracking my income and expenses allows me to identify patterns in my financial behavior. Thus, I can make informed decisions to ensure I adhere to my budget and achieve my monetary goals.
This forms a clear roadmap for financial growth and stability.
Tools and Strategies for Keeping Tabs on Financial Flow
You need to find a way to track your money.
Whether it is utilizing financial software/budgeting apps or paper and pencils. Either allows for efficient tracking of expenses and income, ensuring that you maintain a clear view of your cash flow.
Start with how to budget with a low income.
Differentiating Between Essential and Non-Essential Spending
When creating a budget, it’s vital to differentiate between fixed spending on necessities like housing, utilities, groceries, and transportation, and non-essential spending on items such as dining out, entertainment, and other luxury items.
Essential expenses are critical for maintaining your basic living standards and meeting financial obligations.
Whereas non-essential expenses are discretionary and can often be adjusted or eliminated to achieve financial goals.
By tracking actual expenditure and distinguishing between these two categories, you can prioritize funding towards essentials and savings, ensuring financial stability and progress towards long-term objectives. Just like I have.
Element 3: Prioritize Saving and Prepare for Emergencies
By prioritizing savings, I am investing in my future, taking advantage of compound interest, and building a foundation that helps secure my long-term financial goals. Unfortunately, this took me a while to learn, and the most important financial advice for young adults.
Putting a portion of my income into savings consistently is like paying a bill that benefits my future self, which in turn provides peace of mind and financial independence.
Deciding How Much to Save and Where to Allocate Funds
Apply the 50/30/20 budgeting rule to allocate funds wisely, directing at least 20% of your income towards savings.
The goal is to increase your savings percentage each year. To maximize your savings, analyze your expenses frequently, dividing them by necessity and frequency, to ensure that your saving goals are met without compromising your essential needs.
The Significance of an Emergency Fund in Financial Planning
An emergency fund is a financial lifeline, offering stability in the face of unforeseen circumstances such as job loss or medical emergencies, ensuring that such events don’t derail your financial plans.
Additionally, an emergency fund contributes to peace of mind, knowing they have a monetary cushion to fall back on.
A rainy day fund, or holding three to six months’ worth of living expenses, this fund acts as a buffer against debt, reducing the need to rely on credit cards or loans during crises.
Element 4: Regularly Monitor and Adjust Your Budget
I regularly monitor and adjust my budget to maintain a clear understanding of my financial health and to catch any discrepancies between my planned and actual expenditures. This consistent review allows me to quickly identify areas where I can optimize spending or need to reallocate funds.
Then, I ensure my financial goals remain within reach and adaptable to life’s changing circumstances.
Techniques for Reviewing Budget Performance Over Time
Implement a system for tracking financial transactions that aligns with your budget categories, which provides clear data to analyze spending habits and make informed adjustments as needed.
To effectively review budget performance over time, I recommend scheduling routine assessments, such as monthly or quarterly reviews.
Compare actual expenses with your budgeted figures to pinpoint variances and trends.
Dealing with Financial Changes and Maintaining Budget Discipline
Life’s unpredictable nature means financial conditions can fluctuate, demanding swift adjustments to your budget for events such as a new addition to the family or changes in employment.
These changes could be an increase in income or an unplanned decrease in annual net income.
You must embrace flexibility while holding onto your long-term objectives allowing you to navigate unexpected financial changes without deviating from the path of fiscal responsibility and discipline.
Element 5: Embrace Technology and Automation in Budgeting
I use Quicken to manage my budgeting because it provides an all-encompassing financial picture by integrating income, expenses, investments, and retirement accounts in one place.
The software automates expense tracking and categorization, making it easier for me to monitor my financial health and adjust my spending habits accordingly.
Budgeting Apps and Digital Tools That Simplify Managing Finances
Budgeting apps like YNAB leverage technology to automatically track user expenses by linking to bank accounts, simplifying the process of managing personal finances with features such as expense categorization and financial planning tools.
With features such as bill reminders, debt payoff calculators, and investment trackers, these budgeting apps not only streamline financial oversight but also assist users in setting and achieving their financial goals.
The Advantages of Automating Savings and Bill Payments
This is something I do all the time! Automate your bills and contribute to your savings.
As such, this is a highly efficient method to streamline your finances and ensure that you consistently put your money to work like you planned.
This approach not only helps in avoiding late fees by timely paying bills but also reduces the risk of human error or forgetfulness.
FAQ: Unwrapping the Mysteries of Budgeting
The first method is to start a no spend challenge. This will help you cut back on non-essential spending, such as dining out or premium entertainment subscriptions.
Next, start to live on a shoestring budget. This will help you to compare and negotiate rates for recurring bills like utilities, insurance, and phone plans to secure lower payments.
Additionally, employing cost-saving methods such as utilizing coupons, buying in bulk, and opting for generic brands can significantly decrease monthly grocery expenses.
It’s wise to review and adjust your budget at least once a year or with any major changes. This helps ensure your budget stays aligned with any shifts in income, unexpected expenses, or alterations to your financial goals.
If your lifestyle or income varies significantly, more frequent adjustments might be necessary.
Just remember, it will take a few months for your budget to work.
If you find sticking to your budget is a constant struggle, it might be time to reach out for help. Consider partnering with a budgeting buddy or joining an online community for accountability.
Aim to understand what triggers your spending and devise strategies to avoid these pitfalls. Adjust your budget where needed and prioritize building a buffer for unforeseen expenses.
Creating a budget helps manage finances with a clear view of income and expenses, reduces unnecessary spending, and facilitates goal setting.
It acts as a roadmap for managing monthly financial flows, encourages disciplined spending, and aids in achieving long-term financial aspirations with less stress.
Elements of Budgeting You Will Embrace?
You might wonder, is always keeping a close eye on your finances truly worth it? The answer is a resounding yes.
Gaining mastery over your personal finances is like being the captain of your destiny in the vast sea of economic uncertainty. It’s not just about surviving; it’s about thriving. The result is often an enriched life, free from the shackles of financial stress.
Financial literacy allows you to make smarter choices and enables you to capitalize on opportunities that come your way.
Imagine breaking free from living paycheck to paycheck or being able to take that dream vacation without plunging into debt. These are not just dreams. They can become your reality with financial mastery. It’s about creating a life where you call the shots, secure from the economic twists and turns life may throw at you.
Find success with the zero based budgeting method.
I have done it. And you can too.
Know someone else that needs this, too? Then, please share!!
Did the post resonate with you?
More importantly, did I answer the questions you have about this topic? Let me know in the comments if I can help in some other way!
Your comments are not just welcomed; they’re an integral part of our community. Let’s continue the conversation and explore how these ideas align with your journey towards Money Bliss.
It wasn’t that long ago — perhaps your mother’s or grandmother’s time — when women couldn’t get bank loans or credit cards, and employers could pay them less, explicitly for being women. While women have made considerable strides in attaining financial equity over the past 60 years, this history still plays a role in their current experiences and finances.
A January 2024 NerdWallet survey of more than 2,000 U.S. adults, conducted online by The Harris Poll, asked Americans about the gender financial divide and found remnants of that recent past.
“A lot has changed since the 1960s and 1970s, but these decades and what came before them still impact our financial lives,” says Kimberly Palmer, personal finance expert at NerdWallet. “Acknowledging how our financial experiences differ across gender, race and even age can help us understand what we can do in our personal lives and household budgets to improve our financial outlook as well as the role that governments, companies and institutions can play.”
Key findings
Men are seen as having an easier time finding well-paying jobs, but women are more optimistic about their current roles. More than 2 in 5 Americans (44%) say men have the easiest time finding a well-paying job, while just 11% think women do. However, employed women are more likely to feel optimistic about keeping their current job over the next 12 months, with 81% saying this versus 76% of employed men, according to the survey.
Men were more likely to receive a pay raise over the past year. More than 1 in 4 men (27%) say their salary or pay rate increased over the last year compared with 21% of women, according to the survey.
Both men and women are more likely to say the most financially successful person they know is a man. Just 16% of Americans say the most financially successful person they know is a woman, compared with 37% who say it’s a man, according to the survey. That includes 42% of men and 33% of women who say a man is the most successful person they know.
Women were cited as better money managers. Close to 3 in 10 Americans (28%) say women are better at managing money on a daily basis than men. Just 15% say men are better at it, according to the survey.
Financial Outlook
Overall, 72% of Americans say they’re optimistic that their financial situations will improve over the next 12 months — roughly equal shares of women (71%) and men (72%). But beneath the surface, there are some disparate perspectives. Here’s a look at several, along with advice for consumers on navigating personal finances.
Current job security and job-seeking
Women have become major players in the labor market over the past several decades. In 1953, about 34% of women participated in the labor force. That figure peaked at 60% in 1999, and had dropped to 57% in 2023, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
But being more prominent in the workforce doesn’t mean getting the best jobs is easy. In the NerdWallet survey, more than 2 in 5 Americans (44%) say men have the easiest time finding a well-paying job (just 11% think women do).
The ability to maintain employment once you find it is key to financial security, and in this regard, women are feeling good. About 4 in 5 employed women (81%) are optimistic about continuing to work in their current job over the next 12 months, compared with 76% of employed men, according to the survey. That divide was larger among generations: just 59% of employed Generation Z (ages 18-27) expressed optimism about their current jobs, compared with 79% of employed millennials (ages 28-43), 84% of employed Generation X (ages 44-59) and 88% of employed baby boomers (ages 60-78).
Stay competitive in your field. Even the best employees aren’t guaranteed their job will be there forever. Keep your resume updated and look at open roles occasionally to stay abreast of what employers are seeking. Then, if the economy takes a turn and you lose your job, you can quickly pursue new opportunities.
Recent pay increases
The Equal Pay Act of 1963 barred employers from wage discrimination based on sex. While the gender pay gap has narrowed since that time, it hasn’t closed.
On average, women’s paychecks continue to fall short of those of their male counterparts. According to the BLS, women who are in the 25-34 age group earn about 90% of men of the same age, on a weekly basis. Looking at 35- to 44-year-olds, women earn even less (84%) than men. Lower earnings mean women generally have less of a buffer to rely on when times are tight.
More than 1 in 4 men (27%) say their salary or pay rate increased over the last year compared with 21% of women, according to the NerdWallet survey. That divide expands among Gen Xers, where 40% of men say they had a pay bump and 25% of women say the same.
“Given those pay disparities, it’s harder for women to funnel money into savings and investing accounts, since on average, they are starting with less. With the power of compound interest, those discrepancies can add up over time, creating even greater wealth gaps between men and women by the end of their lives,” Palmer says.
Ask for more from your employer. Only 8% of Americans — roughly equal shares of men and women — negotiated for a higher salary at their current job, according to the survey. Whether it’s time for your annual review or you’re considering a new job, be prepared to negotiate for more money and/or perks. A 2021 study by researchers at the University of Southern California found participants often avoided negotiating compensation, but those who did wound up getting larger pay packages.
Financial Security
Roughly equal shares of men (61%) and women (63%) say they’re optimistic that the financial companies they use care about their financial well-being, according to the survey. But it wasn’t always that way. There was a time when women in the U.S. couldn’t take out loans or have their own credit cards, particularly if they were unmarried. The Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1974 changed that, barring discrimination by lenders based on gender or marital status.
Access to credit can be a lifeline when unexpected expenses arise. So can an emergency fund. The survey reveals that a smaller share of women believe they won’t have to tap such a fund in the coming year: 65% of men are optimistic they won’t have to dip into their emergency savings in the next 12 months, while 58% of women express the same optimism.
But millennial women are concerned: About 1 in 5 (17%) of this group say they’re “very pessimistic” about having to use those emergency funds over the next 12 months compared with 8% of millennial males, according to the survey.
The ability to build an emergency fund can feel like a luxury, one that may be afforded less to folks with less wealth. And while the gender pay gap is notable, the gender wealth gap — which takes debt and assets into account — is even more pronounced, according to the St. Louis Fed.
Indeed, just 16% of Americans say the most financially successful person they know is a woman, compared with 37% who say it’s a man, according to the survey. That includes 42% of men and 33% of women who say a man is the most financially successful person they know.
Bolster your emergency fund. A robust emergency fund is the bedrock of financial security. It can insulate you from a variety of financial shocks. If you’re starting from scratch, build your fund incrementally, beginning with a goal of $500, for instance. In the long term, aim to have several months of essential living expenses set aside in a high-yield savings account.
Money management and advice
Having money and knowing what to do with it don’t always go hand in hand. The survey finds nearly twice the share of Americans think women are better at managing money than are men.
Close to 3 in 10 Americans (28%) say women are better at managing money on a daily basis than men. Just 15% say men are better at it. Men are fairly evenly split in this assessment — 21% say women are better at the task and 22% say men are. Women are a bit more biased — 35% say that women are better at it and 9% say men are.
The perspective that women are better at daily money management doesn’t necessarily translate to people seeking out their guidance: 15% of Americans say the person they most often turn to for financial advice is a woman and 25% ask a man.
Gen Zers and millennials are slightly more polarized, with 35% of Gen Z women and 24% of millennial women saying they most often ask a woman for financial advice. Compare that with just 15% of Gen Z men and 10% of millennial men who say the same.
“Own” the financial factors within your control. You can’t control how society adapts to significant cultural shifts (such as allowing women access to financial equity). But you can find ways to take authority over the money you have, learn how to manage your money daily and give yourself the best possible chance to earn more and reach your long-term financial goals.
“Setting financial goals that are realistic and manageable can make it easier to stay on track with your spending and saving habits,” Palmer says. “Sharing those goals with friends and family who can offer support and their own tips also helps. We’re in it for the long run, so think about where you want to be in several decades, and begin taking steps to reach that destination today.”
Methodology
This survey was conducted online within the U.S. by The Harris Poll on behalf of NerdWallet on Jan. 18-22, 2024, among 2,085 adults ages 18 and older. The sampling precision of Harris online polls is measured by using a Bayesian credible interval. For this study, the sample data is accurate to within +/- 2.5 percentage points using a 95% confidence level. For complete survey methodology, including weighting variables and subgroup sample sizes, contact [email protected].
Disclaimer
NerdWallet disclaims, expressly and impliedly, all warranties of any kind, including those of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose or whether the article’s information is accurate, reliable or free of errors. Use or reliance on this information is at your own risk, and its completeness and accuracy are not guaranteed. The contents in this article should not be relied upon or associated with the future performance of NerdWallet or any of its affiliates or subsidiaries. Statements that are not historical facts are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties as indicated by words such as “believes,” “expects,” “estimates,” “may,” “will,” “should” or “anticipates” or similar expressions. These forward-looking statements may materially differ from NerdWallet’s presentation of information to analysts and its actual operational and financial results.
Sell-to-open and sell-to-close are two of the four order types used in options trading. The other two are buy-to-open and buy-to-close. Options contracts can be created, closed out, or simply exchanged on the open market.
A sell-to-open order is an options order type in which you sell (also described as write) a new options contract.
In contrast, a sell-to-close order is an options order type in which you sell an options contract you already own. Both types of options, calls and puts, are subject to these order types.
Key Points
• Sell-to-Open involves selling a new options contract, while Sell-to-Close involves selling an existing options contract.
• Sell-to-Open profits from decreasing option values, while Sell-to-Close profits from options that have increased in value.
• Sell-to-Open can increase open interest, while Sell-to-Close can decrease open interest.
• Sell-to-Open writes a new options contract, while Sell-to-Close closes an existing options contract.
• Sell-to-Open benefits from time decay and lower implied volatility, but can result in steep losses and be affected by increasing volatility. Sell-to-Close avoids extra commissions and slippage costs, retains extrinsic value, but limits further upside before expiration.
What Is Sell-to-Open?
A sell-to-open transaction is performed when you want to short an options contract, either a call or put option. The trade is also known as writing an option contract.
Selling a put indicates a bullish sentiment on the underlying asset, while selling a call indicates bearishness.
When trading options, and specifically writing options, you collect the premium upon sale of the option. You benefit if you are correct in your assessment of the underlying asset price movement. You also benefit from sideways price action in the underlying security, so time decay is your friend.
A sell-to-open order creates a new options contract. Writing a new options contract will increase open interest if the contract stays open until the close of that trading session, all other things being held equal.
How Does Sell-to-Open Work?
A sell-to-open order initiates a short options position. If you sell-to-open, you could be bullish or bearish on an underlying security depending on if you are short puts or calls.
Writing an option gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to purchase the underlying asset from you at a pre-specified price. If the buyer exercises that right, you, the seller, are obligated to sell them the security at the strike price.
An options seller benefits when the price of the option drops. The seller can secure profits by buying back the options at a lower price before expiration. Profits are also earned by the seller if the options expire worthless.
Pros and Cons of Selling-to-Open
Pros
Cons
Time decay works in your favor
A naked sale could result in steep losses
Benefits from lower implied volatility
Increasing volatility hurts options sellers
Collects an upfront premium
Might have to buy back at a much higher price
An Example of Selling-to-Open with 3 Outcomes
Let’s explore three possible outcomes after selling-to-open a $100 strike call option expiring in three months on XYZ stock for $5 when the underlying shares are trading at $95.
1. For a Profit
After two months, XYZ shares dropped to $90. The call option contract you sold fell from $5 per contract to $2. You decide that you want to book these gains, so you buy-to-close your short options position.
The purchase executes at $2. You have secured your $3 profit.
You sold the call for $5 and closed out the transaction for $2, $5 – $2 = $3 in profit.
A buy-to-close order is similar to covering a short position on a stock.
Keep in mind that the price of an option consists of both intrinsic and extrinsic value. The call option’s intrinsic value is the stock price minus the strike price. Its extrinsic value is the time value.
Options pricing can be tricky as there are many variables in the binomial option pricing model.
2. At Breakeven
If, however, XYZ shares increase modestly in the two months after the short call trade was opened, then time decay (or theta) might simply offset the rise in intrinsic value.
Let’s assume the shares rose to $100 during that time. The call option remains at $5 due to the offsetting changes in intrinsic value and time value.
You decide to close the position for $5 to breakeven.
You sold the call for $5 and closed out the transaction for $5, $5 – $5 = $0 in profit.
3. At a Loss
If the underlying stock climbs from $95 to $105 after two months, let’s assume the call option’s value jumped to $7. The decline in time value is less than the increase in intrinsic value.
You choose to buy-to-close your short call position for $7, resulting in a loss of $2 on the trade.
You sold the call for $5 and closed out the transaction for $7, $7 – $5 = $2 loss.
Finally, user-friendly options trading is here.*
Trade options with SoFi Invest on an easy-to-use, intuitively designed online platform.
What Is Sell-to-Close?
A sell-to-close is executed when you close out an existing long options position.
When you sell-to-close, the contract you were holding either ceases to exist or transfers to another party.
Open interest can stay the same or decrease after a sell-to-close order is completed.
How Does Sell-to-Close Work?
A sell-to-close order ends a long options position that was established with a buy-to-open order.
When you sell-to-close, you might have been bullish or bearish an underlying security depending on if you were long calls or puts. (These decisions can be part of options trading strategies.) A long options position has three possible outcomes:
1. It expires worthless
2. It is exercised
3. It is sold before the expiration date
Pros and Cons of Selling-to-Close
Pros
Cons
Avoids extra commissions versus selling shares in the open market after exercising
There might be a commission with the options sale
Avoids possible slippage costs
The option’s liquidity could be poor
Retains extrinsic value
Limits further upside before expiration
An Example of Selling-to-Close with 3 Outcomes
Let’s dive into three plausible scenarios whereby you would sell-to-close.
Assume that you are holding a $100 strike call option expiring in three months on XYZ stock that you purchased for $5 when the underlying shares were $95.
1. For a Profit
After two months, XYZ shares rally to $110. Your call options jumped from $5 per contract to $12.
You decide that you want to book those gains, so you sell-to-close vs sell-to-open your long options position.
The sale executes at $12. You have secured your $7 profit.
You purchased the call for $5 and closed out the transaction for $12, $12 – $5 = $7 in profit.
2. At Breakeven
Sometimes a trading strategy does not pan out, and you just want to sell at breakeven. If XYZ shares rally only modestly in the two months after the long call trade was opened, then time decay (or theta) might simply offset the rise in intrinsic value.
Let’s say the stock inched up to $100 in that time. The call option remains at $5 due to the offsetting changes in intrinsic value and time value.
You decide to close the position for $5 to breakeven.
You purchased the call for $5 and closed out the transaction for $5, $5 – $5 = $0 in profit.
3. At a Loss
If the stock price does not rise enough, cutting your losses on your long call position can be a prudent move. If XYZ shares climb from $95 to $96 after two months, let’s assume the call option’s value declines to $2. The decline in time value is more than the increase in intrinsic value.
You choose to sell-to-close your long call position for $2, resulting in a loss of $3 on the trade.
You purchased the call for $5 and closed out the transaction for $2, $5 – $3 = $2 loss.
What Is Buying-to-Close and Buying-to-Open?
Buying-to-close ends a short options position, which could be bearish or bullish depending on if calls or puts were used.
Buying-to-open, in contrast, establishes a long put or call options position which might later be sold-to-close.
Understanding buy to open vs. buy to close is similar to the logic with sell to open vs sell to close.
The Takeaway
Selling-to-open is used when establishing a short options position, while selling-to-close is an exit transaction. The former is executed when writing an options contract, while the latter closes a long position. It is important to know the difference between sell to open vs sell to close before you start options trading.
If you’re ready to try your hand at options trading, you can set up an Active Invest account and, if qualified, trade options from the SoFi mobile app or through the web platform.
And if you have any questions, SoFi offers educational resources about options to learn more. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, see full fee schedule here, and members have access to complimentary financial advice from a professional.
With SoFi, user-friendly options trading is finally here.
FAQ
Is it better to buy stocks at opening or closing?
It is hard to determine what time of the trading day is best to buy and sell stocks and options. In general, however, the first hour and last hour of the trading day are the busiest, so there could be more opportunities then with better market depth and liquidity. The middle of the trading day sometimes features calmer price action.
Can you always sell-to-close options?
If you bought-to-open an option, you can sell-to-close so long as there is a willing buyer. You might also consider allowing the option to expire if it will finish out of the money. A final possibility is to exercise the right to buy or sell the underlying shares.
How do you close a sell-to-open call?
You close a sell-to-open call option by buying-to-close before expiration. Bear in mind that the options might expire worthless, so you could do nothing and avoid possible commissions. Finally, the options could expire in the money which usually results in a trade of the underlying stock if the option is exercised.
Photo credit: iStock/izusek
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2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
Options involve risks, including substantial risk of loss and the possibility an investor may lose the entire amount invested in a short period of time. Before an investor begins trading options they should familiarize themselves with the Characteristics and Risks of Standardized Options . Tax considerations with options transactions are unique, investors should consult with their tax advisor to understand the impact to their taxes. SOIN0323021U
Depending on where you work, you may be able to save for retirement in a 457 plan or a 401(k). While any employer can offer a 401(k), a 457 plan is commonly associated with state and local governments and certain eligible nonprofits.
Both offer tax advantages, though they aren’t exactly the same when it comes to retirement saving. Understanding the differences between a 457 retirement plan vs. 401(k) plans can help you decide which one is best for you.
And you may not have to choose: Your employer could offer a 401(k) plan and a 457 plan as retirement savings options. If you’re able to make contributions to both plans simultaneously, you could do so up to the maximum annual contribution limits — a terrific savings advantage for individuals in organizations that offer both plans.
Key Points
• A 457 plan and a 401(k) are retirement savings options with tax advantages.
• Both plans have contribution limits and may offer employer matching contributions.
• A 401(k) is governed by ERISA, while a 457 plan is not.
• 457 plans allow penalty-free withdrawals before age 59 ½ if you retire, unlike 401(k) plans.
• 457 plans have special catch-up provisions for those nearing retirement.
401(k) Plans
A 401(k) is a tax-advantaged, defined contribution plan. Specifically, it’s a type of retirement plan that’s recognized or qualified under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act (ERISA).
With a 401(k) plan, the amount of benefits you can withdraw in retirement depends on how much you contribute during your working years and how much those contributions grow over time.
Understanding 401(k) Contributions
A 401(k) is funded with pre-tax dollars, meaning that contributions reduce your taxable income in the year you make them. And withdrawals are taxed at your ordinary income tax rate in retirement.
Some employers may offer a Roth 401(k) option, which would enable you to deposit after-tax funds, and withdraw money tax-free in retirement.
401(k) Contribution Limits
The IRS determines how much you can contribute to a 401(k) each year. For 2024, the annual contribution limit is $23,000; $22,500 in 2023. Workers age 50 or older can contribute an additional $7,500 in catch-up contributions. Generally, you can’t make withdrawals from a 401(k) before age 59 ½ without incurring a tax penalty. So, if you retire at 62, you can avoid the penalty but if you retire at 52, you wouldn’t.
Employers can elect to make matching contributions to a 401(k) plan, though they’re not required to. If an employer does offer a match, it may be limited to a certain amount. For example, your employer might match 50% of contributions, up to the first 6% of your income.
401(k) Investment Options
Money you contribute to a 401(k) can be invested in mutual funds, index funds, target-date funds, and exchange-traded funds (ETFs). Your investment options are determined by the plan administrator. Each investment can carry different fees, and there may be additional fees charged by the plan itself.
The definition of retirement is generally when you leave full-time employment and live on your savings, investments, and other types of income. So remember that both traditional and Roth 401(k) accounts are subject to required minimum distribution (RMD) rules beginning at age 72. That’s something to consider when you’re thinking about your income strategy in retirement.
💡 Recommended: 5 Steps to Investing in Your 401k Savings Account
Vesting in a 401(k) Retirement Plan
A 401(k) plan is subject to IRS vesting rules. Vesting determines when the funds in the account belong to you. If you’re 100% vested in your account, then all of the money in it is yours.
Employee contributions to a 401(k) are always 100% vested. The amount of employer matching contributions you get to keep can depend on where you are on the company’s vesting schedule. Amounts that aren’t vested can be forfeited if you decide to leave your job or you retire.
Employer’s may use a cliff vesting approach in which your percentage of ownership is determined by year. In year one and two, your ownership claim is 0%. Once you reach year three and beyond, you’re 100% vested.
With graded vesting, the percentage increases gradually over time. So, you might be 20% vested after year two and 100% vested after year six.
All employees in the plan must be 100% vested by the time they reach their full retirement age, which may or may not be the same as their date of retirement. The IRS also mandates 100% vesting when a 401(k) plan is terminated.
457 Plans
A 457 plan is a deferred compensation plan that can be offered to state and local government employees, as well as employees of certain tax-exempt organizations. The most common version is the 457(b); the 457 (f) is a deferred compensation plan for highly paid executives. In certain ways, a 457 is very similar to a 401(k).
• Employees can defer part of their salary into a 457 plan and those contributions are tax-deferred. Earnings on contributions are also tax-deferred.
• A 457 plan can allow for designated Roth contributions. If you take the traditional 457 route, qualified withdrawals would be taxed at your ordinary income tax rate when you retire.
• Since this is an employer-sponsored plan, both traditional and Roth-designated 457 accounts are subject to RMDs once you turn 72.
• For 2023, the annual contribution limit is $22,500, and $7,500 for the catch-up amount for workers who are 50 or older.
One big difference with 457 plans is that these limits are cumulative, meaning they include both employee and employer contributions rather than allowing for separate matching contributions the way a 401(k) does.
Another interesting point of distinction for older savers: If permitted, workers can also make special catch-up contributions for employees who are in the three-year window leading up to retirement.
They can contribute the lesser of the annual contribution limit or the basic annual limit, plus the amount of the limit not used in any prior years. The second calculation is only allowed if the employee is not making regular catch-up contributions.
Vesting in a 457 Retirement Plan
Vesting for a 457 plan is similar to vesting for a 401(k), but you generally can’t be vested for two full years. You’re always 100% vested in any contributions you make to the plan. The plan can define the vesting schedule for employer contributions. For example, your job may base vesting on your years of service or your age.
As with a 401(k), any unvested amounts in a 457 retirement plan are forfeited if you separate from your employer for any reason. So if you’re planning to change jobs or retire early, you’d need to calculate how much of your retirement savings you’d be entitled to walk away with, based on the plan’s vesting schedule.
457 vs 401(k): Comparing the Pros
When comparing a 457 plan vs. 401(k), it’s important to look at how each one can benefit you when saving for retirement. The main advantages of using a 457 plan or a 401(k) to save include:
• Both offer tax-deferred growth
• Contributions reduce taxable income
• Employers can match contributions, giving you free money for retirement
• Both offer generous contribution limits, with room for catch-up contributions
• Both may offer loans and/or hardship withdrawals
Specific 457 Plan Advantages
A 457 plan offers a few more advantages over a 401(k).
Unlike 401(k) plans, which require employees to wait until age 59 ½ before making qualified withdrawals, 457 plans allow withdrawals at whatever age the employee retires. And the IRS doesn’t impose a 10% early withdrawal penalty on withdrawals made before age 59 ½ if you retire (or take a hardship distribution).
Also, independent contractors can participate in an organization’s 457 plan.
And, as noted above, 457 plans have that special catch-up provision option, for those within three years of retirement.
457 vs 401(k): Comparing the Cons
Any time you’re trying to select a retirement plan, you also have to factor in the potential downsides. In terms of the disadvantages associated with a 457 retirement plan vs. 401(k) plans, they aren’t that different. Here are some of the main cons of both of these retirement plans:
• Vesting of employer contributions can take several years, and plans vary
• Employer matching contributions are optional, and not every plan offers them
• Both plans are subject to RMD rules
• Loans and hardship withdrawals are optional
• Both can carry high plan fees and investment options may be limited
Perhaps the biggest con with 457 plans is that employer and employee contributions are combined when applying the annual IRS limit. A 401(k) plan doesn’t have that same requirement so you could make the full annual contribution and enjoy an employer match on top of it.
457 vs 401(k): The Differences
The most obvious difference between a 401(k) vs. 457 account is who they’re meant for. If you work for a state or local government agency or an eligible nonprofit, then your employer can offer a 457 plan for retirement savings. All other employers can offer a 401(k) instead.
Aside from that, 457 plans are not governed by ERISA since they’re not qualified plans. A 457 plan also varies from a 401(k) with regard to early withdrawal penalties and the special catch-up contributions allowed for employees who are nearing retirement. Additionally, a 457 plan may require employees to prove an unforeseeable emergency in order to take a hardship distribution.
A 457 plan and a 401(k) can offer a different range of investments as well. The investments offered are determined by the plan administrator.
457 vs 401(k): The Similarities
Both 457 and 401(k) plans are subject to the same annual contribution limits, though again, the way the limit is applied to employer and employee contributions is different. With traditional 401(k) and 457 plans, contributions reduce your taxable income and withdrawals are taxed at your ordinary income tax rate. When you reach age 72, you’ll need to take RMDs unless you’re still working.
Either plan may allow you to take a loan, which you’d repay through salary deferrals. Both have vesting schedules you’d need to follow before you could claim ownership of employer matching contributions. With either type of plan you may have access to professional financial advice, which is a plus if you need help making investment decisions.
457 vs 401(k): Which Is Better?
A 457 plan isn’t necessarily better than a 401(k) and vice versa. If you have access to either of these plans at work, both could help you to get closer to your retirement savings goals.
A 401(k) has an edge when it comes to regular contributions, since employer matches don’t count against your annual contribution limit. But if you have a 457 plan, you could benefit from the special catch-up contribution provision which you don’t get with a 401(k).
If you’re planning an early retirement, a 457 plan could be better since there’s no early withdrawal penalty if you take money out before age 59 ½. But if you want to be able to stash as much money as possible in your plan, including both your contributions and employer matching contributions, a 401(k) could be better suited to the task.
Investing in Retirement With SoFi
If you’re lucky enough to work for an organization that offers both a 457 plan and a 401(k) plan, you could double up on your savings and contribute the maximum to both plans. Or, you may want to choose between them, in which case it helps to know the main points of distinction between these two, very similar plans.
Basically, a 401(k) has more stringent withdrawal rules compared with a 457, and a 457 has more flexible catch-up provisions. But a 457 can have effectively lower contribution limits, owing to the inclusion of employer contributions in the overall plan limits.
The main benefit of both plans, of course, is the tax-advantaged savings opportunity. The money you contribute reduces your taxable income, and grows tax free (you only pay taxes when you take money out).
Another strategy that can help you manage your retirement savings: Consider rolling over an old 401(k) account so you can keep track of your money in one place. SoFi makes setting up a rollover IRA pretty straightforward, and there are no rollover fees or taxes.
Help grow your nest egg with a SoFi IRA.
FAQ
What similarities do 457 and 401(k) retirement plans have?
A 457 and a 401(k) plan are both tax-advantaged, with contributions that reduce your taxable income and grow tax-deferred. Both have the same annual contribution limit and regular catch-up contribution limit for savers who are 50 or older. Either plan may allow for loans or hardship distributions. Both may offer designated Roth accounts.
What differences do 457 and 401(k) retirement plans have?
A 457 plan includes employer matching contributions in the annual contribution limit, whereas a 401(k) plan does not. You can withdraw money early from a 457 plan with no penalty if you’ve separated from your employer. A 457 plan may be offered to employees of state and local governments or certain nonprofits while private employers can offer 401(k) plans to employees.
Is a 457 better than a 401(k) retirement plan?
A 457 plan may be better for retirement if you plan to retire early. You can make special catch-up contributions in the three years prior to retirement and you can withdraw money early with no penalty if you leave your employer. A 401(k) plan, meanwhile, could be better if you’re hoping to maximize regular contributions and employer matching contributions.
SoFi Invest® INVESTMENTS ARE NOT FDIC INSURED • ARE NOT BANK GUARANTEED • MAY LOSE VALUE SoFi Invest encompasses two distinct companies, with various products and services offered to investors as described below:
Individual customer accounts may be subject to the terms applicable to one or more of these platforms.
1) Automated Investing and advisory services are provided by SoFi Wealth LLC, an SEC-registered investment adviser (“SoFi Wealth“). Brokerage services are provided to SoFi Wealth LLC by SoFi Securities LLC.
2) Active Investing and brokerage services are provided by SoFi Securities LLC, Member FINRA (www.finra.org)/SIPC(www.sipc.org). Clearing and custody of all securities are provided by APEX Clearing Corporation.
For additional disclosures related to the SoFi Invest platforms described above please visit SoFi.com/legal.
Neither the Investment Advisor Representatives of SoFi Wealth, nor the Registered Representatives of SoFi Securities are compensated for the sale of any product or service sold through any SoFi Invest platform.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.
Are you all about saving, spending, or do you hide your head in the sand when it comes to personal finance matters? This money personality quiz helps you uncover your money style. That, in turn, can be a way to learn about your strengths and weaknesses and manage your cash that much better.
Each person handles their money in a unique way. Some people are laser-focused on saving and building their nest egg. Others believe that money is there to be spent on fun and satisfying purchases and experiences. And still others would prefer to look the other way when talk turns to 401(k)s and IRAs.
By knowing your money M.O., you can take steps to enhance your financial status. Ready? Read on for the details.
What’s Your Money Personality?
Steady Saver
Did the money personality quiz say you’re a steady saver? That likely means that you are well aware of your monthly budget and how much cash is coming in and going out. In addition, you are probably following the standard financial advice to save at least 10% or 20% of your take-home pay.
You may well be investing that in a 401(k) and getting a company match and putting funds into an IRA, too.
You are the kind who may have multiple bank accounts, with savings for various short- and long-term goals, such as the down payment on a home and your toddler’s future educational needs. Heck, you might even brag a little to friends and family about how much you have socked away.
Overall, you have some very impressive financial habits down pat. Keep up the good work. However, are you missing out on living your best life? There is the possibility that you may be overdoing it and being perhaps a tad too rigid. Does saving for Junior’s college fund mean the family can’t take a vacation for the next 17 years? Check in with yourself, and make sure you aren’t overly focused on your future goals.
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Open a SoFi Checking and Savings Account with direct deposit and get up to a $300 cash bonus. Plus, get up to 4.60% APY on your cash!
Super Spender
To cut to the chase, you love the things that money can buy. Nothing wrong with that! Omakase dinners at that new Japanese restaurant, the perfect new dining table, the latest mobile device, and baby’s first Disney vacay: There are plenty of things that your income can buy that make daily life delightful and memorable.
But when you see money as simply a conduit for experiencing the best here and now, you are likely risking a couple of very important things:
• You may be incurring debt.
• You may not be planning for your future.
• You may be succumbing to lifestyle creep vs. building wealth.
So here are some steps to take:
• Consider whether you are saving towards the important milestone goals that many people aspire to, such as the down payment on a home, a college fund for your kids, and a healthy retirement account.
Meeting with a financial advisor may be a wise move to get you on track for saving for these aspirations and perhaps learning more about the fine points of investing.
• Take a look at your budget, or make one if you don’t yet have one. Among the various budgeting methods is the popular 50/30/20 rule, which says to put 50% of your take-home towards needs, 30% to wants, and 20% towards savings and additional debt payments.
• Check in with your credit card debt. You don’t want your balances and credit utilization ratio to get too high. If you find you are facing challenges, consider a snagging balance transfer credit card offer, using a lower-interest personal loan to pay off credit card debt, or working with a nonprofit credit counseling agency to reduce your load.
The Money Shunner
If the money personality quiz indicates that you’re a money shunner, it may mean you are not comfortable with financial matters so you choose to look the other way. Many people feel stressed when thinking about money, whether because they don’t think they are good with numbers or they don’t have a solid base in personal finances (after all, you probably didn’t sit through a budgeting basics class in high school).
But if you tend to avoid money matters, you could be missing opportunities to reach your personal goals and gain a sense of security.
To gain financial literacy, you can dip into self-education. Your bank may have a library of content, or you can try well-respected books, magazines, newsletters, and podcasts. You might also take a class, whether in person or online.
In addition, meeting with a financial advisor could be helpful.
You may also want to pay more attention to your budget and understand your income and how much you’re spending and saving. These steps can help you make friends with your money and get it to work harder for you.
Recommended: Getting Back on Track After Going Over Budget
The Takeaway
A money personality quiz can reveal what your relationship with your finances is like. It can help identify whether you tend to be focused on saving (perhaps too much so), spend a bit too freely, or don’t pay enough attention to your cash. By tweaking your approach, you could build your financial literacy and wealth. Making sure you have the right advisors and banking partner are other important facets of this.
Interested in opening an online bank account? When you sign up for a SoFi Checking and Savings account with direct deposit, you’ll get a competitive annual percentage yield (APY), pay zero account fees, and enjoy an array of rewards, such as access to the Allpoint Network of 55,000+ fee-free ATMs globally. Qualifying accounts can even access their paycheck up to two days early.
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FAQ
What are some common money personality types?
There are different ways to categorize money personalities. You may see ones that use the terms spender, saver, and avoider, among others.
How do I know if my money style is too much about spending?
Typical signs that your money style involves too much spending can be having a large amount of credit card debt, living paycheck to paycheck, and not saving enough (or at all).
If my money style is a saver, isn’t that good?
Saver can be an excellent habit and can help you reach your financial goals and be prepared for whatever comes your way. However, you likely don’t want to go overboard and should enjoy your earnings as well.
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SoFi members with direct deposit activity can earn 4.60% annual percentage yield (APY) on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% APY on checking balances. Direct Deposit means a deposit to an account holder’s SoFi Checking or Savings account, including payroll, pension, or government payments (e.g., Social Security), made by the account holder’s employer, payroll or benefits provider or government agency (“Direct Deposit”) via the Automated Clearing House (“ACH”) Network during a 30-day Evaluation Period (as defined below). Deposits that are not from an employer or government agency, including but not limited to check deposits, peer-to-peer transfers (e.g., transfers from PayPal, Venmo, etc.), merchant transactions (e.g., transactions from PayPal, Stripe, Square, etc.), and bank ACH funds transfers and wire transfers from external accounts, do not constitute Direct Deposit activity. There is no minimum Direct Deposit amount required to qualify for the stated interest rate.
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SoFi Bank shall, in its sole discretion, assess each account holder’s Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits throughout each 30-Day Evaluation Period to determine the applicability of rates and may request additional documentation for verification of eligibility. The 30-Day Evaluation Period refers to the “Start Date” and “End Date” set forth on the APY Details page of your account, which comprises a period of 30 calendar days (the “30-Day Evaluation Period”). You can access the APY Details page at any time by logging into your SoFi account on the SoFi mobile app or SoFi website and selecting either (i) Banking > Savings > Current APY or (ii) Banking > Checking > Current APY. Upon receiving a Direct Deposit or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits to your account, you will begin earning 4.60% APY on savings balances (including Vaults) and 0.50% on checking balances on or before the following calendar day. You will continue to earn these APYs for (i) the remainder of the current 30-Day Evaluation Period and through the end of the subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period and (ii) any following 30-day Evaluation Periods during which SoFi Bank determines you to have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits without interruption.
SoFi Bank reserves the right to grant a grace period to account holders following a change in Direct Deposit activity or Qualifying Deposits activity before adjusting rates. If SoFi Bank grants you a grace period, the dates for such grace period will be reflected on the APY Details page of your account. If SoFi Bank determines that you did not have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits during the current 30-day Evaluation Period and, if applicable, the grace period, then you will begin earning the rates earned by account holders without either Direct Deposit or Qualifying Deposits until you have Direct Deposit activity or $5,000 in Qualifying Deposits in a subsequent 30-Day Evaluation Period. For the avoidance of doubt, an account holder with both Direct Deposit activity and Qualifying Deposits will earn the rates earned by account holders with Direct Deposit.
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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
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