Financial Goals

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If you’re trying to save some money, trimming some discretionary spending categories from your budget can be a good way to start.

But it isn’t necessarily the only or best way to save — especially if reducing or removing things like streaming services, concerts, or monthly massages from your budget makes it harder to stick to your plan.

Instead, it may make sense to track where your money is going for a few weeks and then take a look at all your spending categories to determine which cuts could have the biggest impact.

What Are Spending Categories?

Spending categories can help you group similar expenses together to better organize your budget. They can come in handy when you’re laying out your spending priorities, deciding how much money to allot toward various wants and needs, and determining whether an expense is essential or nonessential.

Many of the budgets you’ll see online use pretty much the same spending categories, such as housing, transportation, utilities, food, childcare, and entertainment. But you may find it’s more useful to track your spending for a while with a money tracker, and then create some of your own categories. You may choose to drill down to specific bills or go broader, breaking down your budget into just the basics.

By personalizing your spending categories, you may be able to put together a budget that’s more manageable — and, therefore, one you’re more likely to stay with.

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How Do Spending Categories Work?

To customize your spending categories, it can help to gather as much information as possible about where your money is actually going.

You can start by looking at old bank and credit card statements to get a good picture of past spending. Your bigger spending categories should be easier to figure out. Those bills are often due on the same day every month and are usually about the same amount. But you’ll also want to keep an eye out for expenses that come just once or a few times a year (such as taxes, vet bills, etc.). And, if you use cash frequently, you’ll want to determine where that money went, too.

A tracking app can help you grasp the hard truth about your spending as you move forward. That cute plant you bought for your windowsill? Pitching in for a co-worker’s going-away gift? Those little splurges can add up before you know it.

Once your spending picture comes into focus, you can divide your expenses into useful personal budget categories, and start thinking about what you might be able to trim or cut out altogether.
💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a spending tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.

Examples of Spending Categories

Although it can be effective to organize your spending categories in a way that’s unique to you, there are a few basic classifications that can work for most households when making a budget: They include:

Essential Spending

•   Housing: This category could include your rent or mortgage payment, property taxes, homeowners or renters insurance, HOA fees, etc.

•   Utilities: You could limit this to basic services like gas, electricity, and water, or you might decide to include your cell phone service, cable, and WiFi costs.

•   Food: This amount could be limited to what you spend on groceries every month, or it could include your at-home and away-from-home food costs.

•   Transportation: Your car payment could go in this category, along with fuel costs, parking fees, car maintenance, car insurance, public transportation, and DMV fees. You could also include the cost of Uber rides.

•   Childcare: If you need childcare while you work, this cost would be considered necessary spending. If it’s for a night out, you may want to move it to the entertainment or personal care category.

•   Medical Costs and Health Care: This could include your health insurance premiums, insurance co-pays and prescription costs, vision and dental care, etc.

•   Clothing: Clothing is a must-have, of course, but with limits. You may want to put impulse items in a separate category as a nonessential or discretionary expense.

Non-essential Spending

•   Travel: This category would be for any travel that isn’t work-related, whether it’s a road trip or a vacation in Paris.

•   Entertainment: You could get pretty broad in this category, but anything from streaming services and videogames to concerts and plays could go here.

•   Personal: This might be your category for things like salon visits, your gym membership, and clothes and accessories that are more of a want than a need.

•   Gifts: If you’re a generous gift-giver, you may find you need a separate category for these expenses.

Other Spending

•   Savings and investments: Though it isn’t “essential” for day-to-day life, putting money aside for long- and short-term goals is a must for most budgets.

•   Emergency fund: This will be your go-to for unexpected car repairs, home repairs, or medical bills.

•   Debt repayment: Student loan payments, credit card debt, and other balances you’re trying to pay off could fit in this category.

Pros and Cons of Spending Categories

The idea of making a budget can be daunting, particularly if you’re trying to fit your needs and wants into spending categories that aren’t suited to how you live. Here are some pros and cons to using categories for spending that might keep you motivated and help you avoid potential budgeting pitfalls.

Pros

•   More control: Creating a budget with spending categories that match your lifestyle can help you put your money toward things that really matter to you.

•   Less stress: If you’re living paycheck to paycheck even though you know your income is sufficient to cover your needs, a budget with realistic spending categories can help you see where your money is going.

•   Better planning: Whether you’re trying to save for a vacation, wedding, house, retirement, or all of the above, including those goals in your spending categories will help ensure they get your attention.

Cons

•   May feel limiting: Working with a budget can feel restrictive, especially if you’ve been winging it for a while or aren’t including enough discretionary spending.

•   Time consuming: It might take some trial and error to find a budget system that works for you. And if you’re budgeting as a couple, you’ll likely have to work out some compromises when determining your spending categories.

•   Requires maintenance: Budgeting isn’t a one and done. You’ll be more likely to succeed if you consistently track your spending to make sure you’re hitting your goals.

Common Spending Categories to Cut First

Often when you see or hear budgeting advice, it tends to focus on cutting back on small extras — $6 daily lattes at your favorite café, for example, or those weekly Happy Meals for the kids. Some other top spending categories that traditionally are among the first to hit the chopping block include:

•   Gym memberships

•   Dining out

•   Subscription services you don’t use anymore

•   Cable

•   Personal care services you can do at home for less, such as manicures and pedicures

•   Alcoholic beverages

•   Cigarettes and vaping products

•   Vacations

But it can also be useful to review, and potentially cut back on, how much you’re budgeting for basic living expenses, such as:

•   Clothing and shoes

•   Utility bills

•   Groceries

•   Insurance

•   Cars

•   Cellphones and computers

•   Rent

Tips for Customizing Your Spending Categories

As you create your spending plan, keep in mind that it doesn’t have to be like anyone else’s. If you track your expenses and use that information to create your personalized budget, you may have a better chance of building a plan you can stick with.

Here are some more steps to consider as you get started:

•   Be realistic. It may take a while to get to your goal, but doing even a little bit consistently can make a difference. Know yourself and do what you can.

•   Don’t forget irregular expenses. Bills that you pay every month can be easy to remember. (You might even put them on autopay to make things more convenient.) But infrequent expenses such as tax bills can get away from you if you don’t include them in your spending categories.

•   Avoid spending more than you have. Knowing how much you’ll have left after taxes each month is an important part of successful planning. An emergency fund can help you stay on track when unexpected expenses pop up.

•   Leave room for fun. Eliminating date nights and small splurges completely could make it much harder to stay with your plan.

•   Pay yourself. Make saving and investing goals a separate spending category.

•   Find a budgeting method that works for you. Whether it’s the popular 50/30/20 budget — which divides your after-tax income into needs, wants, and savings — or a detailed spending breakdown with multiple categories, try various budgeting methods until you find one that motivates you.

💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

The Takeaway

Want to save some money but know you need to make some changes? Monitoring where your money is going every month can help you create a spending plan with categories that are customized to your needs, wants, and goals. A plan that’s realistic, but not too restrictive, can give you the kind of control and motivation you need to get and stay on track financially.

Take control of your finances with SoFi. With our financial insights and credit score monitoring tools, you can view all of your accounts in one convenient dashboard. From there, you can see your various balances, spending breakdowns, and credit score. Plus you can easily set up budgets and discover valuable financial insights — all at no cost.

With SoFi, you can keep tabs on how your money comes and goes.

FAQ

What are the four main categories in a budget?

The four main spending categories for most budgets are housing, food, utilities, and transportation. Once you’ve established how much you’ll need to cover these costs, you can move on to planning for other expenses.

What is the 50/30/20 rule of budgeting?

The 50/30/20 rule is a budgeting method that allocates your take-home income to three main spending categories: needs or essentials (50%), wants or nonessentials (30%), and saving or financial goals (20%).

What are the four characteristics of a successful budget?

A successful budget usually includes accurate income and spending projections, realistic and personalized spending categories, consistent and frequent check-ins, and solid savings goals.

Photo credit: iStock/mapodile

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Source: sofi.com

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When you think about the cars wealthy Americans choose to drive (or choose to have someone drive for them), you probably imagine customized Bentleys, Rolls Royces, Ferraris, and Lamborghinis. And in some cases, you’d be right. Those luxury car brands — along with BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Audi — are popular with the rich and very rich in the U.S. and worldwide.

But they aren’t the car brands of choice for all high-income consumers. Some of the wealthiest people in the U.S. are driving vehicles from manufacturers that might surprise you, including Fords, Toyotas, and Hondas.

Read on for a look at the surprising car brands that rich Americans are buying and why.

What Is a Luxury or “Rich People” Car Brand?

Brands that are popular with wealthier car buyers typically have a reputation for superior performance, craftsmanship, high-quality materials (inside and out), and advanced technology. They also may have extra amenities to make them more comfortable and attractive, and to provide a better driving experience.

Luxury car brands also generally offer a higher level of customer perks, such as extended warranties, complementary maintenance, roadside assistance, and concierge services.

Of course, cars from more prestigious brands have higher price tags. New cars range from $40,000 to more than $100,000 — and over $500,000 for a higher-end brand like Rolls-Royce. Before you settle on any particular brand or model, you’ll want to determine how much you should spend on a car.
💡 Quick Tip: When you have questions about what you can and can’t afford, a money tracker app can show you the answer. With no guilt trip or hourly fee.

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Examples of Popular Luxury Car Brands

Several long-standing carmakers — and a few newer brands — are known to appeal to high-earning drivers:

•   Acura A division of Honda, Acura made the first true Japanese luxury car sold in America. Like Genesis below, Acura is known for offering buyers more bang for their buck.

•   Audi The German car manufacturer began gaining popularity stateside in the 1970s, and grabbed even more fans in 1980 when it unveiled the innovative Quattro, an all-wheel-drive sport coupe.

•   BMW Another German company, BMW sold 362,244 vehicles in 2023, setting a new annual record for the brand in the U.S. BMW is the best-selling luxury auto worldwide.

•   Cadillac Cadillac is America’s most prestigious domestic luxury automaker. Owned by General Motors, the brand has long been a favorite of older drivers. Models that appeal to younger buyers include its Escalade SUV and CTS sport sedan.

•   Genesis Genesis is a newer car brand (launched in 2009) that built its reputation by offering luxury at a competitive price. Its parent company is the Korean automaker Hyundai.

•   Land Rover The Land Rover brand, which began in England but now is owned by the Indian automaker Tata Motors, sells only SUVs. Its iconic Range Rover debuted in America in 1989.

•   Lexus Owned by the Japanese automaker Toyota, the carmaker was named the most reliable of all car brands in 2023 and 2024 by J.D. Power Associates. Lexus is known for its upscale designs, comfortable cabins, and a smooth, quiet ride.

•   Mercedes-Benz The German company, which has been making cars for more than 100 years, is known for its loyal fan base, attention to detail, and focus on customer service and comfort.

•   Tesla Tesla Motors is an American car brand that makes vehicles that run on electricity.

What Car Brands Are Rich Americans Choosing?

Luxury brands like BMW, Mercedes-Benz, and Lexus are among the most popular with wealthy American car shoppers who are looking for reliability, prestige, extra amenities, comfort, and top customer service. And Teslas, which range in price from about $43,000 to well over $100,000, remain among the top-selling electric vehicles in the U.S.

But the line between luxury and mainstream brands is blurring, according to the car-shopping website Edmunds. Carmakers like Ford, Volkswagen, and Mazda are adding more upgraded models to their lineups, while high-end makers are offering smaller and more affordable cars.

And then there’s a much-publicized report from Experian Automotive, which found more than 60% of Americans who earn $250,000 or more aren’t sticking strictly to luxury brands. When Experian crunched the numbers in their huge database to see what wealthier folks choose to drive, it turned out there were three Honda models, a Toyota, and a Volkswagen on their Top 10 list.

Rich and famous car buyers also tend to like their pickup trucks. And though the Tesla Cybertruck is the new celeb must-have, you might also see photos of Dwayne “The Rock” Johnson or Lady Gaga driving their Ford F150s, Sean Penn gassing up his Nissan Titan, or Ben Affleck in his Dodge Ram 2500.

Recommended: Car Value vs Truck Value

Pros and Cons of Luxury Car Brands

There are many reasons why people long to drive a luxury car — from the prestige to the performance to the high-end amenities and potential add-ons. But there are pros and cons to buying the kind of cars rich people often own:

Pros

•   High-end brands are generally known for their reliability and advanced technology.

•   Because luxury cars can quickly depreciate in value, used models can be found at bargain prices — especially if you’re buying a high-mileage car.

•   Luxury car brands often offer a more comprehensive warranty and other customer perks.

Cons

•   The cost of a high-end car can get in the way of important financial goals or keep you from enjoying things you care about, like good food and wine.

•   Luxury models tend to depreciate in value much faster than mainstream cars.

•   A luxury car can cost more to insure, and when the warranty runs out, it will likely cost more to repair.

Recommended: Should I Buy a New or Used Car?

Popular Alternatives to Rich Car Brands

While you’re saving up for a car, and before deciding which car brand you hope to purchase, take time to prioritize what you want from your ride. You may find you can get what you’re looking for without paying luxury prices. For example…

•   Safety First According to the Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, 2024’s safest cars include models from Kia, Honda, Mazda, Toyota, Nissan, and Subaru.

•   Luxe Interior U.S. News & World Report named Volvo, Chevrolet, Ford, Hyundai, GMC, Kia, Jeep, and Honda among the car brands with the nicest interiors in 2023.

•   Designer Chassis The Toyota Prius, Honda Accord, Hyundai Santa Cruz, Kia Soul and EV6, Jeep Wrangler, Mazda 3, and Ram 1500 all made U.S. News & World Report’s list of the best looking cars of 2023.

•   Most Reliable When Consumer Reports road-tested and ranked 34 car brands this year, the top 10 included Subaru (#2), Honda (#4), Mini (#6), Kia (#7), Mazda (#8), Toyota (#9), and Hyundai (#10).

•   Biggest Bang for Your Buck Honda and Kia had the most models on U.S. News & World Report’s list of the “2024 Best Cars for the Money.”

💡 Quick Tip: Income, expenses, and life circumstances can change. Consider reviewing your budget a few times a year and making any adjustments if needed.

Tips for Choosing a Car Brand

If you’re set on buying a luxury car, or if you’re still trying to decide which brand or model is right for you, here are a few things to consider:

•   Does the luxury car brand you’re looking at offer something you can’t get from a mainstream carmaker? It can help to test-drive cars from a few different brands to compare the features that are most important to you. You might end up confirming your decision to go with the luxury brand. Or you may find a mainstream model that offers high-end comfort and performance but at a more competitive price.

•   Do you plan to hold onto the car for a while, or will you sell it in a few years? Some luxury brands and models tend to lose value more quickly than others. (Here’s how to spot a good car-value estimate.) So you may want to research your top picks before you sign on the dealer’s dotted line and drive your new car off the lot.

•   Could you be satisfied with a used car from your favorite luxury brand? Because luxury brands tend to depreciate faster, you may be able to find a used model that’s much more affordable than buying new.

•   Can you afford it? Before you fall in love with that pricey BMW or Benz, you may want to take a look at another “b” word: your budget. Using a free budget app can help you figure out how much you can spend on your down payment, monthly car payment, and auto insurance costs, and if those costs will mesh with your other expenses and financial goals.

The Takeaway

Purchasing a luxury car is mostly an emotional decision: You buy one because you want it, not because you need it to get around.

If you’re rich, and you can afford to pay for the perks and prestige of an upscale brand, you may not give the cost a second thought. But even some wealthier car buyers are choosing mainstream brands, perhaps because they’ve found a model they want or they don’t care about the extras or the label.

How can SoFi help? Just as with any major purchase, it’s a good idea to do some research before you buy your next car. SoFi Relay can help you track your spending, monitor your credit, build a budget, and more. Once you run the numbers and know where you stand, you can feel more confident about your purchase, no matter what car you decide to buy.

See exactly how your money comes and goes at a glance.

FAQ

Which car brand is driven most by millionaires?

Though wealthy consumers are known for buying luxury car brands like Rolls-Royce, Mercedes-Benz, Jaguar, or Porsche, you might also find them driving mainstream brands such as Honda, Toyota, and Ford.

What is the most common car for rich people?

BMW is the best-selling luxury carmaker in the world.

What percentage of millionaires choose to buy used cars rather than new cars?

In their 2010 book The Millionaire Next Door, authors Thomas J. Stanley and William D. Danko state that nearly 37% of the millionaires they surveyed reported buying used cars. But in some cases, a millionaire’s “used car” may be one of several vehicles the driver owns, or even part of a collection of classic or vintage autos.

Photo credit: iStock/mevans

SoFi Relay offers users the ability to connect both SoFi accounts and external accounts using Plaid, Inc.’s service. When you use the service to connect an account, you authorize SoFi to obtain account information from any external accounts as set forth in SoFi’s Terms of Use. Based on your consent SoFi will also automatically provide some financial data received from the credit bureau for your visibility, without the need of you connecting additional accounts. SoFi assumes no responsibility for the timeliness, accuracy, deletion, non-delivery or failure to store any user data, loss of user data, communications, or personalization settings. You shall confirm the accuracy of Plaid data through sources independent of SoFi. The credit score is a VantageScore® based on TransUnion® (the “Processing Agent”) data.

Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.

Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

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Source: sofi.com

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As we approach the mid-2020s, the question on many homeowners’ and potential buyers’ minds is: what will mortgage rates look like in 2025? It’s a crucial question, as even a small fluctuation in rates can significantly impact monthly payments and overall affordability.

Looking ahead, experts offer a range of predictions, reflecting the inherent uncertainty in economic forecasting. Factors such as inflation, economic growth, monetary policy, and global market conditions all play a role in shaping the future of mortgage rates.

A conservative estimate suggests that 30-year fixed mortgage rates could be in the range of 5.5% to 7% by 2025. This prediction takes into account potential economic growth, the Federal Reserve’s likely responses to changing conditions, and the broader real estate market’s status.

Other forecasts are slightly more optimistic, with projections of a gradual decrease in mortgage rates over the next 18 months. For instance, Fannie Mae anticipates rates might slide to 6.0%, Wells Fargo expects around 5.8%, and the Mortgage Bankers Association estimates rates could fall to 5.5% by the final quarter of 2025.

However, it’s important to note that these predictions come with a degree of uncertainty. The past few years have shown that unprecedented events, such as the pandemic and geopolitical tensions, can rapidly alter the economic landscape. As a result, forecasters often advise caution and suggest that these projections are best viewed as guidelines rather than guarantees.

The consensus among experts is that while rates are expected to peak soon due to high inflation and policy measures, they will likely remain above historical lows. This means that while we may not see the rock-bottom rates of the early 2020s, there is also little expectation of a return to the double-digit rates of the 1980s.

Will Mortgage Rates Decline in 2025?

According to recent analyses and expert predictions, there is a sense of cautious optimism about the potential for mortgage rates to trend downward in 2025. The Mortgage Bankers Association, for instance, has projected that 30-year mortgage rates could fall to around 5.6%. This forecast is based on current market trends and economic indicators, suggesting a silver lining for those hoping for more favorable borrowing conditions.

The current landscape of mortgage rates has been shaped by a variety of factors, including inflation, Federal Reserve policies, and global economic conditions. In the past, rates below 4% were considered competitive, with a historical low point of around 3.75% in 2020 serving as a benchmark for what constitutes a ‘good‘ rate. However, the economic turmoil and policy responses to the COVID-19 pandemic have led to fluctuations that defy simple predictions.

Looking ahead, the expectation of a downward trend is influenced by several factors. Economic recovery, inflation expectations, and the Federal Reserve’s monetary policy are all expected to play a role in shaping mortgage rates in the coming years. The Federal Reserve, in particular, is anticipated to continue its delicate balancing act, adjusting interest rates to maintain economic stability while fostering growth.

It’s important to note, however, that these predictions are not guaranteed. The financial landscape is complex and subject to change due to unforeseen global events and policy shifts. Therefore, while the projections provide a general direction, individuals should remain vigilant and consult with financial advisors to understand how these trends may affect their personal circumstances.

In summary, while there is hope for a decrease in mortgage rates by 2025, it is crucial for potential borrowers to stay informed and prepared for any outcome. By keeping an eye on economic developments and seeking professional advice, one can navigate the mortgage market with greater confidence and make decisions that align with their financial goals.

Source: noradarealestate.com

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Kelly Suzan Waggoner
April 10, 2024 at 7:50 AM
Daily mortgage rates for Wednesday, April 10, 2024 (Virojt Changyencham via Getty Images)

As economists await the release of this morning’s key Consumer Price Index inflation data, mortgage rates are up, with the 30-year fixed purchase rate hovering above 7% as of Wednesday, April 10, 2024.

The current average rate for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage is 7.02% for purchase and 6.97% for refinance — up 10 basis points from 6.92% for purchase and up 4 basis points from 6.93% for refinance last Wednesday. Rates on a 15-year mortgage stand at an average 6.44% for purchase and 6.48% for refinance. The average rate on a 30-year fixed jumbo mortgage is 7.20%, up 24 basis points from last week.

Purchase rates for Wednesday, April 10, 2024

  • 30-year fixed rate — 7.02%

  • 20-year fixed rate — 6.81%

  • 15-year fixed rate — 6.44%

  • 10-year fixed rate — 6.37%

  • 5/1 adjustable rate mortgage — 6.60%

  • 30-year fixed FHA rate — 6.77%

  • 30-year fixed VA rate — 7.09%

  • 30-year fixed jumbo rate — 7.20%

Refinance rates for Wednesday, April 10, 2024

  • 30-year fixed rate — 6.97%

  • 20-year fixed rate — 6.81%

  • 15-year fixed rate — 6.48%

  • 10-year fixed rate — 6.37%

  • 5/1 adjustable rate mortgage — 6.42%

  • 30-year fixed FHA rate — 6.93%

  • 30-year fixed VA rate — 7.81%

  • 30-year fixed jumbo rate — 7.12%

Freddie Mac weekly mortgage report

Freddie Mac reports an average 6.82% for a 30-year fixed-rate mortgage, up three basis points from last week, according to its weekly survey of nationwide lenders published on April 4, 2024. The fixed rate for a 15-year mortgage is 6.06%, down five basis points from last week.

Sam Khater, Freddie Mac’s chief economist, says of the report, “While incoming economic signals indicate lower rates of inflation, we do not expect rates will decrease meaningfully in the near-term. On the plus side, inventory is improving somewhat, which should help temper home price growth.”

Current mortgage rates for April 10, 2024

The Fed rate does not determine mortgage rates, though it sets benchmarks that indirectly affect rates on financial products like mortgages, personal loans and deposit accounts. The Fed has a firm goal of a 2% inflation rate, and with favorable economic reports on the job market, it’s unlikely the reserve will cut rates until that goal is within reality’s reach.

Mortgage rates in the news

Mortgage lenders keep a close eye on the key interest rate set by the Federal Reserve, the U.S.’s central bank. Called the fed rate, it’s the benchmark that affects rates on deposit accounts, loans and other financial products. Typically, as the Fed rate rises, so do APYs on savings products like CDs, high-yield savings accounts and money market accounts. Mortgage and home loan rates don’t follow the fed rate as closely, but they do reflect the same elements the Fed evaluates when making decisions on the benchmark — especially inflation.

Key inflation report due today

The Federal Reserve increased the target interest rate 11 times from March 2022 to July 2023 in an effort to combat the highest inflation in four decades coming out of the pandemic.

Economists are awaiting the release of today’s Consumer Price Index data, which will answer whether inflation is continuing to cool. February’s Consumer Price Index data released on March 12 showed a month-over-month increase in consumer prices — a widely used indicator for inflation. The new data makes for an interesting week, what with the latest Producer Price Index due for release tomorrow.

Federal benchmark: Summer rate cut now in question

At the conclusion of its rate-setting policy meeting on March 20, 2024, the Fed left the federal funds target interest rate of 5.25% to 5.50% unchanged, marking the fifth consecutive time it’s held rates steady since July 2023. In its post-meeting statement, the Federal Reserve maintained it wouldn’t cut the key interest rate until it’s confident “that inflation is moving sustainably toward 2 percent.”

While bankers forecast three rate cuts by the end of the year, a growing group of economists now doubt whether the Fed will cut interest rates this year — including Minneapolis Fed president Neel Kashkari, who told Pensions & Investments last week, “If we continue to see inflation moving sideways, then that would make me question whether we need to do those rate cuts at all.”

Government agency Freddie Mac released its March 20 economic outlook on the housing and mortgage market that predicts mortgage rates to stay at 6.5% or higher through the summer.

NAR settlement could change homebuying

The summer homebuying season could bring with it a major change in the way Americans buy and sell homes. On March 15, the National Association of Realtors announced it had agreed to a settlement that, if approved by a federal judge, would bring an end to longstanding real estate broker commissions of up to 6% of a home’s purchase price. The settlement isn’t expected to affect mortgage rates, yet it paves the way for consumers to negotiate what they pay for an agent’s services, potentially saving homebuyers money in the long run — just in time for summer home sales.

4 top factors that affect your mortgage rate

The difference of even half a percentage point on your interest rate can save you hundreds of dollars a month and thousands of dollars over the life of your mortgage, but the mortgage rate you’re ultimately offered depends on the mortgage you’re interested in, payments you’re willing to pay up front and your overall financial health.

  • Your credit score. Knowing your credit score can help you shop around for lenders you’re likely to get approval through, as well as understand the type of mortgage for your lifestyle and income. The best mortgage rates go to borrowers with good to excellent credit — typically a FICO credit score of at least 670 — though even with fair credit, you may be able to find a mortgage offering decent rates.

  • Your down payment. The more money you can put down toward your home, the better it benefits your interest rate. Paying at least 20% of your home’s purchase price up front generally results in a lower interest rate — and you can avoid mortgage insurance, which increases your total cost.

  • Your loan term. While the 30-year mortgage remains a popular way for Americans to purchase homes, you can find terms of 20 years, 15 years and 10 years. Shorter loan terms usually come with lower interest rates, though with higher monthly payments. Longer mortgage terms can result in smaller monthly payments, though you’ll pay higher total interest over the life of your loan.

  • Interest rate type. Mortgage rates come with two basic types of rates — fixed and variable. Fixed-rate mortgages offer a consistent interest rate over the life of your loan, whereas adjustable-rate mortgages (ARMs) often start with a lower fixed rate for an agreed-on time and then adjust to a variable rate based on market conditions for the remainder of your term. Choosing between these two rates depends on your financial goals and tolerance for risk.

Frequently asked questions about mortgage rates

What are mortgage lenders?

Lenders are financial institutions that loan money to homebuyers. A lender is different from a loan servicer, which typically handles the operational tasks of your loan, like processing payments, talking directly with borrowers and sending monthly statements.

What does it mean to refinance a mortgage?

Refinancing is a process of trading in your current mortgage to another lender for lower rates and better terms than your current loan. With a refinance, the new lender pays off your old mortgage and you then pay your monthly statements from the new lender.

What factors influence mortgage rates?

Mortgage rates are determined by many factors that include inflation rates, economic conditions, housing market trends and the Federal Reserve’s target interest rate. Lenders also consider your personal credit score, the amount available for your down payment, the property you’re interested in and other terms of the loan you’re requesting, like 30-year or 15-year offers.

When is the best time to lock in a mortgage rate?

Mortgage rates can fluctuate daily, so it’s best to lock in a rate when you’re comfortable with the offered rate and conditions of the loan.

Can I negotiate my mortgage rate?

It’s not likely — lenders consider the market conditions and other financial factors when determining rates. You can, however, ask about how you can reduce costs in other ways when comparing mortgage lenders. For instance, many lenders offer lower rates in exchange for “mortgage points” — upfront fees you pay to your lender. A mortgage point could cost 1% of your mortgage amount, which means about $5,000 on a $500,000 home loan, with each point lowering your interest rate by about 0.25%, depending on your lender and loan.

Editor’s note: Annual percentage yields shown are as of Wednesday, April 10, 2024, at 7:45 a.m. ET. APYs and promotional rates for some products can vary by region and are subject to change.

Sources

Source: aol.com

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The short answer: In most cases there isn’t an instant fix for improving your credit score. Building, improving or even repairing credit takes time. 

Your credit score is like a snapshot that lenders use to determine your financial trustworthiness. Whether you’re applying for a loan, a credit card, or even renting an apartment, your credit score plays a crucial role in the decisions made about your financial future. But what if you’re in a pinch and need to improve your credit quickly? Can you fix your credit in just a week? 

Why Do Credit Scores Take So Long To Update?

How often do you check your credit score? Everyday? If you have, maybe you’ve noticed in the past how long it takes your credit score to update. The credit reporting process is another reason why it would take longer than a week to update your score – it takes a while for lenders, banks, and the bureaus to record your activity. 

Here’s what you should consider about the reporting process:

1. There are consistent reporting periods

Creditors typically report your account information to the credit bureaus at the end of each billing cycle. This means that any changes you make to your credit behavior, such as paying off a credit card balance or opening a new account, won’t immediately reflect on your credit report. Instead, you’ll have to wait until the next reporting period for these updates to be included.

2. The bureaus need time to verify your information

Even when creditors submit information to the credit bureaus, there is processing time involved. The credit bureaus need to receive, verify, and process the data before updating your credit report. This process isn’t instantaneous and can take several days to weeks, depending on various factors such as the volume of information being processed.

Additionally, the bureaus have specific schedules for updating credit reports, which may vary depending on factors like the bureau’s workload and the frequency of data submissions from creditors.

3. There’s a lag between when your credit reports update and when your score updates

Even after the credit bureaus update your credit report, there may still be a lag before your credit score reflects these changes. This is because your credit score is calculated based on the information in your credit report. While some credit scoring models may update more frequently, others may only update periodically, resulting in delays in your credit score reflecting recent changes.

4. Not everything is strong enough to impact your credit score

Additionally, your credit score may not change significantly if there hasn’t been much recent activity on your credit accounts. For example, if you haven’t made any new credit applications or incurred new debts, your credit report may remain relatively unchanged.

The Reality of Fixing Credit

While some changes to your credit report may occur relatively quickly, significant updates to your credit score typically take time to reflect accurately. It’s essential to be patient and continue practicing responsible credit habits while waiting for your credit score to update.

While you may not be able to fix your credit in a week, there are some strategies you can try to start improving it immediately:

Always Try to Pay Your Bills on Time

Making on-time payments is one of the most important factors in your credit score. Even a single late payment can have a negative impact, so prioritize paying your bills by their due dates.

Pay Down Credit Card Balances

If you have high credit card balances, paying them down can improve your credit utilization ratio, which in turn can positively affect your credit score.

Check Your Credit Report for Errors

Errors on your credit report can drag down your score. By reviewing your report and challenging any inaccuracies, you can potentially see an impact to your score. You can request a free copy of your credit report from each of the three main credit bureaus at AnnualCreditReport.com . 

Become an Authorized User

If you have a trusted family member or friend with good credit, asking to become an authorized user on one of their credit accounts can help boost your score. Just be sure that the primary account holder has a history of responsible credit usage.

Report Rent and Utilities

Rent, utilities, cell phone bills are examples of regular payments you may be making each month that don’t show up on your credit. If you feel confident that you can continue making those payments each month, you can always sign up for a rent and utility reporting service in order to get credit for paying your bills on-time.

The Importance of Patience

Unfortunately, the idea of fixing your credit overnight or even in a week is mostly a myth. 

While it’s understandable to want to improve your credit as quickly as possible, it’s essential to approach the process with patience and realistic expectations. By focusing on making responsible financial decisions over time, you can gradually raise your credit score and achieve your financial goals.

Source: credit.com

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A traditional 401(k) and a Roth 401(k) are tax-advantaged retirement plans that can help you save for retirement. While both types of accounts follow similar rules — they have the same contribution limits, for example — the impact of a Roth 401(k) vs. traditional 401(k) on your tax situation, now and in the future, may be quite different.

In brief: The contributions you make to a traditional 401(k) are deducted from your gross income, and thus may help lower your tax bill. But you’ll owe taxes on the money you withdraw later for retirement.

Conversely, you contribute after-tax funds to a Roth 401(k) and can typically withdraw the money tax free in retirement — but you don’t get a tax break now.

To help choose between a Roth 401(k) vs. a traditional 401(k) — or whether it might make sense to invest in both, if your employer offers that option — it helps to know what these accounts are all about.

5 Key Differences Between Roth 401(k) vs Traditional 401(k)

Before deciding on a Roth 401(k) or traditional 401(k), it’s important to understand the differences between each account, and to consider the tax benefits of each in light of your own financial plan. The timing of the tax advantages of each type of account is also important to weigh.

1. How Each Account is Funded

•   A traditional 401(k) allows individuals to make pre-tax contributions. These contributions are typically made through elective salary deferrals that come directly from an employee’s paycheck and are deducted from their gross income.

•   Employees contribute to a Roth 401(k) also generally via elective salary deferrals, but they are using after-tax dollars. So the money the employee contributes to a Roth 401(k) cannot be deducted from their current income.

💡 Quick Tip: The advantage of opening a Roth IRA and a tax-deferred account like a 401(k) or traditional IRA is that by the time you retire, you’ll have tax-free income from your Roth, and taxable income from the tax-deferred account. This can help with tax planning.

2. Tax Treatment of Contributions

•   The contributions to a traditional 401(k) are tax-deductible, which means they can reduce your taxable income now, and they grow tax-deferred (but you’ll owe taxes later).

•   By contrast, since you’ve already paid taxes on the money you contribute to a Roth 401(k), the money you contribute isn’t deductible from your gross income, and withdrawals are generally tax free (some exceptions below).

3. Withdrawal Rules

•   You can begin taking qualified withdrawals from a traditional 401(k) starting at age 59 ½, and the money you withdraw is taxed at ordinary income rates.

•   To withdraw contributions + earnings tax free from a Roth 401(k) you must be 59 ½ and have held the account for at least five years (often called the 5-year rule). If you open a Roth 401(k) when you’re 57, you cannot take tax-free withdrawals at 59 ½, as you would with a traditional 401(k). You’d have to wait until five years had passed, and start tax-free withdrawals at age 62.

4. Early Withdrawal Rules

•   Early withdrawals from a 401(k) before age 59 ½ are subject to tax and a 10% penalty in most cases, but there are some exceptions where early withdrawals are not penalized, including certain medical expenses; a down payment on a first home; qualified education expenses.

You may also be able to take a hardship withdrawal penalty-free, but you need to meet the criteria, and you would still owe taxes on the money you withdrew.

•   Early withdrawals from a Roth 401(k) are more complicated. You can withdraw your contributions at any time, but you’ll owe tax proportional to your earnings, which are taxable when you withdraw before age 59 ½.

For example: If you have $100,000 in a Roth 401(k), including $90,000 in contributions and $10,000 in taxable gains, the gains represent a 10% of the account. Therefore, if you took a $20,000 early withdrawal, you’d owe taxes on 10% to account for the gains, or $2,000.

5. Required Minimum Distribution (RMD) Rules

With a traditional 401(k), individuals must take required minimum distributions starting at age 73, or face potential penalties. While Roth 401(k)s used to have RMDs, as of January 2024, they no longer do. That means you are not required to withdraw RMDs from a Roth 401(k) account.

For a quick side-by-side comparison, here are the key differences of a Roth 401(k) vs. traditional 401(k):

Traditional 401(k) Roth 401(k)
Funded with pre-tax dollars. Funded with after-tax dollars.
Contributions are deducted from gross income and may lower your tax bill. Contributions are not deductible.
All withdrawals taxed as income. Withdrawals of contributions + earnings are tax free after 59 ½, if you’ve had the account for at least 5 years. (However, matching contributions from an employer made with pre-tax dollars are subject to tax.)
Early withdrawals before age 59 ½ are taxed as income and are typically subject to a 10% penalty, with some exceptions. Early withdrawals of contributions are not taxed, but earnings may be taxed and subject to a 10% penalty.
Account subject to RMD rules starting at age 73. No longer subject to RMD rules as of January 2024.

Bear in mind that a traditional 401(k) and Roth 401(k) also share many features in common:

•   The annual contribution limits are the same for a 401(k) and a Roth 401(k). For 2024, the total amount you can contribute to these employer-sponsored accounts is $23,000; if you’re 50 and older you can save an additional $7,500 for a total of $30,500. This is an increase over the 2023 limit, which was capped at $22,500 ($30,000 if you’re 50 and older).

•   For both accounts, employers may contribute matching funds up to a certain percentage of an employee’s salary.

•   In 2024, total contributions from employer and employee cannot exceed $69,000 ($76,500 for those 50 and up). In 2023, total contributions from employer and employee cannot exceed $66,000 ($73,500 for those 50 and up).

•   Employees may take out a loan from either type of account, subject to IRS restrictions and plan rules.

Because there are certain overlaps between the two accounts, as well as many points of contrast, it’s wise to consult with a professional when making a tax-related plan.

Recommended: Different Types of Retirement Plans, Explained

How to Choose Between a Roth and a Traditional 401(k)

In some cases it might make sense to contribute to both types of accounts (more on that below), but in other cases you may want to choose either a traditional 401(k) or a Roth 401(k) to maximize the specific advantages of one account over another. Here are some considerations.

When to Pay Taxes

Traditional 401(k) withdrawals are taxed at an individual’s ordinary income tax rate, typically in retirement. As a result these plans can be most tax efficient for those who will have a lower marginal rate after they retire than they did while they were working.

In other words, a traditional 401(k) may help you save on taxes now, if you’re in a higher tax bracket — and then pay lower taxes in retirement, when you’re ideally in a lower tax bracket.

On the other hand, an investor might look into the Roth 401(k) option if they feel that they pay lower taxes now than they will in retirement. In that case, you’d potentially pay lower taxes on your contributions now, and none on your withdrawals in retirement.

Your Age

Often, younger taxpayers may be in a lower tax bracket. If that’s the case, contributing to a Roth 401(k) may make more sense for the same reason above: because you’ll pay a lower rate on your contributions now, but then they’re completely tax free in retirement.

If you’re older, perhaps mid-career, and in a higher tax bracket, a traditional 401(k) might help lower your tax burden now (and if your tax rate is lower when you retire, even better, as you’d pay taxes on withdrawals but at a lower rate).

Where You Live

The tax rates where you live, or where you plan to live when you retire, are also a big factor to consider. Of course your location some years from now, or decades from now, can be difficult to predict (to say the least). But if you expect that you might be living in an area with lower taxes than you are now, e.g. a state with no state taxes, it might make sense to contribute to a traditional 401(k) and take the tax break now, since your withdrawals may be taxed at a lower rate.
💡 Quick Tip: Before opening any investment account, consider what level of risk you are comfortable with. If you’re not sure, start with more conservative investments, and then adjust your portfolio as you learn more.

The Benefits of Investing in Both a Roth 401(k) and Traditional 401(k)

If an employer offers both a traditional and Roth 401(k) options, employees might have the option of contributing to both, thus taking advantage of the pros of each type of account. In many respects, this could be a wise choice.

Divvying up contributions between both types of accounts allows for greater flexibility in tax planning down the road. Upon retirement, an individual can choose whether to withdraw money from their tax-free 401(k) account or the traditional, taxable 401(k) account each year, to help manage their taxable income.

It is important to note that the $23,000 contribution limit ($30,500 for those 50 and older) for 2024 is a total limit on both accounts.

So, for instance, you might choose to save $13,500 in a traditional 401(k) and $9,500 in a Roth 401(k) for the year. You are not permitted to save $23,000 in each account.

What’s the Best Split Between Roth and Traditional 401(k)?

The best split between a Roth 401(k) and a traditional 401(k) depends on your individual financial situation and what might work best for you from a tax perspective. You may want to do an even split of the $23,000 limit you can contribute in 2024. Or, if you’re in a higher tax bracket now than you expect to be in retirement, you might decide that it makes more sense for you to put more into your traditional 401(k) to help lower your taxable income now. But if you expect to be in a higher income tax bracket in retirement, you may want to put more into your Roth 401(k).

Consider all the possibilities and implications before you decide. You may also want to consult a tax professional.

The Takeaway

Employer-sponsored Roth and traditional 401(k) plans offer investors many options when it comes to their financial goals. Because a traditional 401(k) can help lower your tax bill now, and a Roth 401(k) generally offers a tax-free income stream later — it’s important for investors to consider the tax advantages of both, the timing of those tax benefits, and whether these accounts have to be mutually exclusive or if it might benefit you to have both.

When it comes to retirement plans, investors don’t necessarily have to decide between a Roth or traditional 401(k). Some might choose one of these investment accounts, while others might find a combination of plans suits their goals. After all, it can be difficult to predict your financial circumstances with complete accuracy — especially when it comes to tax planning — so you may decide to hedge your bets and contribute to both types of accounts, if your employer offers that option.

Another step to consider is a 401(k) rollover, where you move funds from an old 401(k) into an IRA. When you do a 401(k) rollover it can help you manage your retirement funds.

Ready to invest for your retirement? It’s easy to get started when you open a traditional or Roth IRA with SoFi. SoFi doesn’t charge commissions, but other fees apply (full fee disclosure here).

Easily manage your retirement savings with a SoFi IRA.

FAQ

Is it better to contribute to 401(k) or Roth 401(k)?

Whether it’s better to contribute to a traditional 401(k) or Roth 401(k) depends on your particular financial situation. In general, if you expect to be in a lower tax bracket in retirement, a traditional 401(k) may make more sense for you since you’ll be able to deduct your contributions when you make them, which can lower your taxable income, and then pay taxes on the money in retirement, when you’re in a lower income tax bracket.

But if you’re in a lower tax bracket now than you think you will be later, a Roth 401(k) might be the preferred option for you because you’ll generally withdraw the money tax-free in retirement.

Can I max out both 401(k) and Roth 401(k)?

No, you cannot max out both accounts. Per IRS rules, the annual 401(k) limits apply across all your 401(k) accounts combined. So for 2024, you can contribute a combined amount up to $23,000 (or $30,500 if you’re 50 or older) to your Roth 401(k) and your traditional 401(k) accounts.

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Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.

Tax Information: This article provides general background information only and is not intended to serve as legal or tax advice or as a substitute for legal counsel. You should consult your own attorney and/or tax advisor if you have a question requiring legal or tax advice.

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