In adjusting to new case-mix systems under the Patient Driven Payment Model (PDPM), the changes to reimbursement rates might be more widespread and large-scale than anticipated, posing financing threats to the nursing home sector because lenders are basing loans on rate projections that are expected to be scaled back.
The goal of budget neutrality – in which reimbursements should cancel out costs associated with care – especially when it comes to Medicaid rates, may come back to bite providers and investors in the nursing home space who are currently securing deals based on higher reimbursement projections.
That’s according to Marc Zimmet, CEO of Zimmet Healthcare Services Group. While budget adjustment factors are not a new phenomenon, what will be new is the scale to which states will be clawing back money after adjusting to new case-mix systems under PDPM.
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What’s more, expectations of Medicaid rate increases are driving transaction volume, with banks underwriting loans based on a formula for state Medicaid reimbursement under PDPM. However, such projections aren’t expected to stay in place, Zimmet said, as states aim for budget neutrality.
Learning from Medicare adjustment
When CMS transitioned to PDPM, they looked at scores from assessments that were done when there was no PDPM – and providers weren’t “optimizing,” he said. Now, after the switch, providers are indeed trying to optimize reimbursement. Efforts to better capture depression is a good example, with assessment scores coming in much higher than Medicare had anticipated.
This resulted in 5% in overspending for the first year of PDPM, or $1.7 billion more than under RUGs, short for Resource Utilization Groups.
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The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) had intended to spend the same amount of Medicare money on nursing home care through PDPM as it had under the system it replaced.
“[CMS] comes in and says, we’re doing a recalibration, we’re taking the money back because it was supposed to be budget neutral. That happens all the time with Medicaid. When Medicaid does a transition, they model it based on old assessments,” said Zimmet.
What changes with the transition is provider behavior, he continued, as they start capturing everything that drives reimbursement.
“So then the [initial] rates don’t come in at $200, they come in at $250. The nursing homes are all psyched. [They think] they ‘re getting a windfall,” Zimmet said, using hypothetical numbers. But, just like what happens with Medicare rate adjustments, states notice that nursing homes are spending above budget and, because the transition is supposed to be budget neutral, they now “claw back the money,” said Zimmet, explaining the process by which the reductions to reimbursements are made on the state level.
The difference now, he said, is that this claw back is happening in dozens of states.
He calls it the “great transition,” since there are a large number of states changing their payment model. History tells us that when there’s a change of payment model, provider behavior changes, he said.
On paper, it’s going to look like facilities are getting big Medicaid rate increases, but history also tells us that states don’t come up with all that money. A budget adjustment factor, or recalibration, will pare back any reimbursement beyond what was accounted for in the state budget.
In the end, Zimmet expects the same operators that were good at optimizing under RUGS will continue to be good at optimizing under PDPM moving forward – net results will be the same.
Implications for dealmaking
As industry leaders keep track of Medicaid rate changes and budget adjustment proceeds at the state level, Zimmet said this will affect dealmaking as well – and already has.
He’s getting calls from banks who do underwriting for nursing home loans. They’re buying facilities and seeing that rates have gone up, and are now basing loans on these increased rate projections.
“The state is not all of a sudden going to come up with another $100 million dollars. There’s going to be a budget adjustment,” he said. “It’s a bubble. These loans are going to be made, are being made, and the rates are not going to be what they think they’re going to be on paper, they will be clawed back; you’re going to have [something] like the housing crisis.”
This scenario is unfolding in multiple states, he said, as banks are lending based on reimbursements that aren’t going to stay in place – they’re going to get clawed back.
State example
Some states have already started addressing the change between RUGS and PDPM in terms of Medicaid rates, Zimmet said, pointing to Pennsylvania and Colorado in particular.
For Colorado’s Medicaid nursing home rate, statewide average rates increased 10% starting in July, and another increase of 3% is anticipated for July 2024 and then no less than 1.5% in July 2025, according to Doug Farmer, president and CEO of the Colorado Health Care Association.
“Between now and July 1, 2025, there will be a process to determine the structure of our [Medicaid] rates moving forward. That rate methodology will be taking into account the interest of stabilizing the profession, ensuring access and working to address the increases in behavioral health needs in long term care settings,” Farmer said in an email to Skilled Nursing News.
Colorado moved away from RUGS and began using PDPM on July 1 2023, he said.
“For this first year, the state enacted a ‘hold harmless’ in rate setting, which ensured that no provider saw a rate decrease as a result of the change,” said Farmer. “That ‘hold harmless’ was used because providers did not have time to begin coding under the new PDPM-based requirement prior to the shift in methodology.”
Pennsylvania won a significant 17% increase in its Medicaid rate in 2022 after no increases for a decade. This year, the state approved a $16 million increase in Medicaid rates, about $10 million short of what associations had advocated for.
Looking ahead, there’s much volatility in the state when it comes to Medicaid rates, especially as new staffing requirements take effect requiring one nurse aide for every 12 residents during day shifts, according to a report from the Philadelphia Inquirer.
State lawmakers still have to agree on a budget for fiscal 2024, but Medicaid regulators warn that Pennsylvania nursing homes – nearly twice as many as last year – may face a 5% cut to their daily Medicaid rate, according to a report from the Philadelphia Inquirer in June.
To make matters even more confusing, less than half as many as last year could see their Medicaid rates go up 5% or more in the state.
Knowing what colors to choose for your home decor can be tricky. It’s not just about choosing a palette for one room, but ensuring there’s some level of cohesiveness between each of the rooms.
Having a sense of togetherness with your color trends throughout your home will help make your home appear more considered from a design perspective. However, this doesn’t mean you need to have the same colors in every room; it’s all about deciding on one broader palette that can then be interpreted differently to fit each of your rooms.
Jordan Samson who shared a video explaining these intriguing color rules.
‘Start with a defined color story for your entire home, but this doesn’t mean that you need to use the same three or four colors in every single room,’ explains Jordan. So, if you favor modern, minimalist decor, then your color palette would most likely begin with decorating with neutrals. Or, for a mid-century modern home, as Jordan uses as an example in his video, you would start with a palette of earthy colors, such as forest green and mustard yellow.
‘From there we can build out the color palettes for each room,’ says Jordan. ‘This could look like a living room with two of those colors dispersed with the drapery, lighting, and accent chairs, and then in the kitchen, maybe we introduce a different tone of green for the tile and sprinkle in some wood accents. And then in the bathroom, we’re introducing another color entirely with the blue tiles or even more simply with bath towels.’ the designer explains.
(Image credit: Farrow & Ball)
By following these ideas, you will ensure that the look is consistent throughout your home, yet there’s enough difference between your room color ideas so it doesn’t look bland.
Once you’ve decided on the main colors for your walls or tiles, Jordan adds that you can continue this color theory with smaller decor pieces too: ‘Think smaller scale with easier-to-change items like vases, artwork, throw pillows, and blankets, bedding. These are all really great ways to introduce and play around with different colors within your story.’
If you’re finding it difficult to know where to start with choosing colors for your home, this is a good place to begin. Once you decide on the overall palette, which should come naturally from your design style, you can’t go too wrong with experimenting with these hues throughout your home decor ideas.
Anyone eyeing mortgage rates, which reached above 8% in October, can be excused for longing for the pandemic lows of sub-3% mortgages. But it’s unlikely those rock-bottom rates will return anytime soon, according to Mark Zandi, chief economist at Moody’s Analytics. Instead, the veteran market watcher expects rates to hover at roughly double that level in the near future.
“Everybody should get used to 5.50% to 6%, because that’s where mortgage rates are going to settle in, [in the] long run,” Zandi told CNBCon Monday. Mortgage rates tend to trail the 10-year Treasury yield, which he suspects will hover around 4% to 4.50%; that generally puts mortgage rates at that 5.5% to 6% he’s expecting.
Asked to predict the magic mortgage rate that will have inventory flooding back into the housing market, Zandi said that obviously a 5% rate is better than 6%, but the long-term number will likely be somewhere in between.
In recent weeks, mortgage rates have fallen from their October highs, with the average 30-year fixed rate currently at 7.30%. But in today’s somewhat frozen housing market, that’s barely a start. With a 6% mortgage rate, things start to thaw as would-be buyers and sellers enter the market, but Zandi doesn’t think home sales will get back anywhere near levels seen during the pandemic, before the Federal Reserve began its interest rate hike cycle to lower inflation. Getting closer to that 5% mortgage rate would trigger more activity, he added.
“The other thing that’s got to happen here, obviously, is we do need to see some weakness in house prices,” Zandi added. “If house prices don’t come [down] to any degree, we’re going to have to see even lower mortgage rates to get sales up.”
Some forecasts, like that of Goldman Sachs, suggest home prices will continue to increase next year. So far, prices aren’t letting up; the national S&P Case-Shiller house price index increased 3.9% on an annual basis in September, according to figures released on Tuesday.
Meanwhile, existing home sales are at their slowest pace since 2010, when the housing market was reeling in the aftermath of the Great Financial Crisis. That’s largely because of the so-called lock-in effect, which keeps homeowners with low mortgage rates from selling their homes—constraining both buyers and sellers. New home sales, on the other hand, have outperformed existing home sales because homebuilders can offer incentives, like mortgage rate buydowns. Still, higher mortgage rates are curbing demand even there, with new home sales falling more than expected in October.
“Most of the weakness in sales is on the existing side,” Zandi explained. “Homeowners are much more reluctant to cut prices … Builders are doing what it takes to move those homes.”
There is some relief pushing its way through the housing market, and that’s on the rental side.
“Rents have gone flat to down, particularly at the high end of the market,” he said. “These big multifamily towers are going up in the big urban centers in the Northeast, Chicago, on the West Coast, and that’s putting downward pressure on rent—and, I think, is having some impact on new house prices, and at the high end of single-family housing markets.”
Realtor.com’s October rental report released on Tuesday showed median rent for studios and one- and two-bedrooms across the top 50 metro areas in the U.S. continues to trail its 2022 levels, experiencing a year-over-year decline for the sixth month in a row. As Zandi mentioned, a lot of that has to do with supply. There was a substantial increase in new multifamily construction in 2022, and that resulted in an uptick in new multifamily completions in 2023, “which significantly augmented the rental supply and exerted downward pressure on rental prices” this year, the report found.
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A new week, a new 1% down mortgage product, the latest coming from Fort Washington, Pennsylvania based lender Newrez.
Call it a sign of the times, with housing affordability the worst it has been in decades thanks to high home prices and elevated mortgage rates.
Known as “RezSource,” the new program relies upon a 2% lender contribution to minimize out-of-pocket costs.
It takes a standard 3% down payment mortgage backed by Freddie Mac and whittles it down to just 1%.
And it’s available to both low-income borrowers and first-time home buyers. Read on to learn more.
RezSource 1% Down Offers Up to $5,000 in Lender Contributions
Similar to other programs, the latest 1% down mortgage from Newrez includes a 2% lender contribution.
This means the borrower winds up with a mortgage set at 97% LTV, the maximum allowed for a conforming loan backed by the likes of Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
The end result is less money required from the borrower, an equity cushion, and potentially easier qualification.
The maximum dollar amount of the lender contribution is $5,000, which is determined by the lesser of 2% of the appraised value or purchase price.
My understanding is this 2% doesn’t need to be paid back as it is a credit to the borrower.
For example, someone buying a $250,000 property would be able to maximize the credit while only needing $2,500 via their own contribution.
And even this 1% can come from a variety of flexible sources, whether it’s gift funds from family member, or homebuyer assistance from an eligible non-profit or government agency.
Taken together, they’d come to the table with $7,500 (only $2,500 from their own sources), resulting in a 3% down payment.
This is enough to qualify for Freddie Mac Home Possible, which comes with reduced mortgage insurance premiums and reduced or waived pricing adjustments.
Who Qualifies for RezSource?
Owner-occupied home buyers purchasing a primary residence
Income must be at/below area median limit
Can be a first-time buyer or repeat buyer
Loan must be a 30-year fixed-rate product
Minimum loan amount of $25,000 ($10k in Michigan)
In order to qualify for RezSource, you need to meet the general requirements of Freddie Mac Home Possible.
Most importantly, this includes an income that is no more than 80% of the Area Median Income (AMI) based on where the property is located, which you can look up here.
The property must also be an owner-occupied, primary residence. But 1-4 unit properties, condos, co-ops, and even manufactured homes are eligible with certain restrictions.
If all occupying borrowers are first-time buyers, homebuyer education is required for at least one borrower.
It’s unclear what the minimum FICO score requirement is, though it’s likely 620 or higher.
In terms of loan type, the Newrez program only allows for 30-year fixed rate loans, and the minimum loan amount is $25,000 in all states but Michigan ($10,000).
Is RezSource a Game Changer?
Ultimately, this new offering from Newrez is all about the 2% lender contribution.
The main perk is that the lender is chipping in 2% of the purchase price on your behalf, which is certainly a plus. Who doesn’t like free money?
But beyond that, you still need to qualify for the monthly payment, and keep your DTI ratio below maximum allowable limits.
So this product might be best served for the borrower who has sufficient income, but is perhaps a little light in the asset department.
Note that other lenders offer 1% down mortgages as well, including the 1% Down Payment program offered by Zillow Home Loans.
There’s also Guaranteed Rate OneDown, which comes with $1,000 in closing cost assistance, and Guild Mortgage’s 1% Down Payment Advantage, which includes a temporary rate buydown.
The nation’s top lender, UWM, also offers a similar 1% down program with a 2% grant, as does Rocket Mortgage ONE+.
In other words, many 1% down mortgage programs exist and you’ll need to compare and contrast the pros and cons of each.
Things to look for include maximum lender contribution, max area median income allowed, and additional perks, like closing cost credits and PMI waivers.
And as always, you’ll need to compare mortgage rates from the different lenders, which will also add up over time via your monthly payment.
An ideal combo should include the largest lender contribution, a low mortgage rate, and limited closing costs.
Two bills aimed at giving bankruptcy judges the power to modify the terms of mortgages tied to primary residences will likely be vetoed if they reach the President.
The “Foreclosure Prevention Act of 2008” and the “Emergency Home Ownership and Mortgage Equity Protection Act of 2007,” both of which contain legislation aimed at modifying mortgage terms, are likely dead in the water.
The Bush Administration warned today that it would veto bill S. 2636, which would also provide $4 billion to state and local governments to buy foreclosed homes and additional funding to housing counselors to soften the blow.
But instead of providing a “bailout,” the Administration is more interested in legislation aimed at reforming Fannie and Freddie and the FHA, noting that rescue attempts could actually prolong the housing crisis.
The Mortgage Bankers Association has been one of the groups vehemently opposed to both bankruptcy bills, claiming that the proposed legislation to allow bankruptcy judges to alter the terms of a mortgage loan would result in higher borrowing costs for homeowners and a rise in bankruptcy filings.
And so they applauded the news from the Bush Administration, releasing the following statement from David G. Kittle, CMB, Chairman-elect:
“We fully concur with the Administration’s analysis that this bill would very likely prolong the amount of time it would take for the housing market to recover from the current downturn. In particular, the provisions in the bill to amend the bankruptcy code and allow judges to rewrite mortgage contracts will only add to the existing market uncertainty and increase costs on all consumers at a time when exactly the opposite is needed.
“Simply put, this provision is bad public policy and should not be brought to the Senate floor. Instead, the Senate and House should sit down and hammer out an agreement on FHA reform, which is something that could provide a real benefit to a significant number of at risk borrowers.”
Consumer advocacy groups like the Neighborhood Assistance Corporation of America and Consumer and the Center for Responsible Lending have argued that the measures could help victimized borrowers negotiate with their mortgage lenders more effectively, adding that judges can modify terms on yachts and second homes, but can’t help families trying to save their homes.
Bill S. 2636 is expected to be taken up by the Senate as early as tonight, although now it looks like a moot point.
Navigating the process of home inspections in South Dakota can be a daunting task for many homebuyers, especially those who are new to the real estate market. This comprehensive guide is designed to demystify the home inspection process, offering crucial insights and practical advice specifically tailored for those looking to purchase a home in the beautiful state of South Dakota. So whether you’re looking at homes in Sioux Falls or anywhere else in the Mount Rushmore State, here’s Redfin’s guide on what you need to know about South Dakota home inspections.
Why should you get a home inspection in South Dakota?
Investing in a home is a significant financial commitment, making a thorough home inspection in South Dakota a crucial step in the process. A comprehensive inspection can uncover potential issues, ensuring you make the right decision about your purchase. From finding structural issues to assessing the condition of electrical and plumbing systems, a professional inspection provides a holistic view of the property, offering peace of mind and potentially saving you from unexpected expenses down the road.
Are there any specialized inspections that South Dakota buyers should consider?
In South Dakota, buyers may want to consider specialized inspections based on the property’s unique features or location. For homes in flood-prone areas, a flood risk assessment is advisable. Similarly, properties with extensive acreage may benefit from a thorough well and septic system inspection. Mold and radon testing are also prudent in certain regions. Customizing inspections to suit the property’s characteristics ensures a more targeted evaluation, addressing potential issues specific to the South Dakota landscape and climate.
Are home inspections required in South Dakota?
While South Dakota doesn’t legally require home inspections, they are highly recommended and often considered a standard practice in real estate transactions. “Home inspections are not required in South Dakota, but 92% of all homes that are sold are inspected in South Dakota,” says Nick Gromicko, founder of the International Association of Certified Home Inspectors. Opting for an inspection is a proactive choice that serves the buyer’s best interests. It provides valuable information about the property’s condition and can be a negotiating tool in the buying process, allowing buyers to address issues or negotiate repairs before finalizing the deal.
How much does a home inspection cost in South Dakota?
The cost of a home inspection in South Dakota varies based on factors such as the property’s size, age, and additional services requested. On average, expect to invest a few hundred dollars. While the upfront expense may seem significant, it’s a small price to pay for the peace of mind and potential cost savings that come from identifying and fixing issues early on.
Can you sell a house in South Dakota without an inspection?
In South Dakota, sellers are not required to conduct a home inspection before listing their property. However, many sellers opt for pre-listing inspections. This approach allows them to address potential issues beforehand, presenting the property in the best possible light and potentially speeding up the selling process. While not mandatory, a pre-listing inspection can be a strategic move for sellers looking to be transparent and build buyer confidence.
Any other information or advice for South Dakota residents regarding home inspections?
Brad Banks of Black Hills Professional Home Inspections, based in Rapid City, recommends getting an independent home inspection from someone who doesn’t work with your realtor to get an unbiased opinion. “Your inspector should be working for the buyer, not the sale,” he says.
South Dakota home inspection: the bottom line
Regardless of where you choose to live, it’s important to understand the ins and outs of a home before buying. That’s what makes South Dakota home inspections so important. By having the important elements of your potential home looked at by professionals, you can eliminate the guesswork and avoid extra expenses.
Every few months over the last two years, a sea of California carpenters has clogged the state Capitol to voice their support of high-profile housing legislation, their yellow and orange vests, hard hats and work boots in stark contrast to the suits, dresses and fancy shoes more customary in the hallways and hearing rooms of Sacramento.
Their grassroots lobbying has paid off with major legislative wins, including a pair of housing construction bills that Gov. Gavin Newsom signed into law Wednesday.
The laws represent more than the possibility of desperately needed new homes in a state with a 2.5-million-unit housing shortage. They also signal a shift in power dynamics among unions in California, and which ones have the greatest influence over labor standards at residential construction sites.
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“The carpenters’ engagement on housing policy has been an absolute game changer,” said state Sen. Scott Wiener, a San Francisco Democrat who chairs his chamber’s housing committee and is the author of both laws, Senate Bills 4 and 423.
The first bill, SB 4, will make it easier for nonprofit colleges and faith organizations to build affordable homes on their land, while SB 423 will expand current law that lets developers expedite construction of multifamily projects in cities that have fallen behind on their state-mandated housing goals. The measures build on Assembly Bill 2011, a law that went into effect in July to convert buildings traditionally zoned for commercial retail and office space into affordable housing.
The new laws come after years of gridlock on housing proposals, leading to a rift between the California Conference of Carpenters, which is gaining newfound clout in the state Capitol, and the State Building and Construction Trades Council, one of the most influential players in Sacramento over the last decade.
Divisions bubbled up last year when the carpenters broke with the council and other influential unions and sponsored AB 2011, legislation the broader labor movement opposedbecause it lacked more rigorous job standards.
AB 2011 still mandates developers pay union-approved, or “prevailing,” wages and provide some healthcare benefits to workers, whether they’re union members or not. But it lacks the work standard the building trades union prefers, known as “skilled and trained,” a mandate that generally means laborers on job sites are unionized.
In the Democratic-controlled Legislature, where labor has an outsize influence, last year’s union infighting put many lawmakers in the uncomfortable position of having to choose a side.
Opponents of the skilled and trained standard argue it’s unachievable for housing developers because there aren’t enough union workers to meet the threshold. The trades union contends it’s a model that protects workers against exploitation and inadequate job safety protections.
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“I think that prevailing wage in legislation for housing is a positive step,” said Chris Hannan, who was selected president of the State Building and Construction Trades Council this summer. “We don’t believe that that’s enough.”
Hannan succeeded Andrew Meredith, who resigned as president this year as the fight over labor standards raged in the Capitol.
Leadership at the carpenters union say they had no choice but to move forward with their own plan after discussions with the council fell apart.
Jay Bradshaw, executive secretary-treasurer of the Northern California Carpenters Union, said the new standards will help dismantle the underground construction economy and create job opportunities for union members, while safeguarding all workers against wage theft and other unfair labor practices currently happening on residential job sites.
The carpenters’ approach with the new standards is to organize members on job sites, but the trades council historically preferred requiring a unionized workforce to begin with.
“The labor standards we developed will significantly help our current membership. … And it will also pull wages out of competition for those that are not represented,” Bradshaw said. “And then it’s our job to go organize those folks, not the government’s.”
Todd David, a political advisor to Wiener who served as executive director of the Housing Action Coalition in 2022, said the increased influence of the carpenters helped clear a path for new housing legislation.
“There were lots of quiet conversations between legislators with people who knew the carpenters very well, like, can they really do this?” David said.
They did.
So began a new era for the carpenters — and their Democratic allies eager to pass more sweeping housing bills into law using the same labor language.
“They showed up, and they really planted a flag in AB 2011,” said Assemblymember Buffy Wicks, the Oakland Democrat who wrote the legislation and chairs the Assembly committee on housing. “It was a breakout moment, I think, for the carpenters, where they decided enough is enough, we’re going to build housing, we’re going to do strong labor standards, we’re going to break the juggernaut that has been preventing us from actually accomplishing stuff in California in housing policy, with regards to labor standards. And they did it.”
The building trades council and its allies see the fight as far from over.
Hannan and others still consider the dispute over the labor language an easy choice between protecting workers or leaving them vulnerable to exploitation and job safety issues that may result from a lack of training.
“Our members … are the very best at what they do. And they deserve us to fight as hard as we can for them,” Hannan said. “And we believe we are going to be the strongest, loudest voice for the construction worker.”
But the council lost its second battle this year after Wiener introduced his two bills, which largely include the same labor standards as last year’s deal.
Considered this year’s most consequential housing measure, SB 423 will extend by another decade current policy that lets developers streamline multifamily development in cities that have failed to plan for enough housing, which was set to expire in 2026. The original law passed in 2017 and has led to more than 18,000 proposed units, the majority for low-income families.
Last year’s coalition included the California Housing Consortium and other affordable housing groups and two other major unions — the California School Employees Assn. and the Service Employees International Union. This year, Wiener and the carpenters expanded support for the labor changes to add more construction unions.
“We just hung tough, and I think the nature of the crisis sort of forced people to do what they were not comfortable doing in terms of the labor issues,” said Danny Curtin, director of the carpenters conference. “Breaking ranks, or however you want to put it, is never simple or easy. And you don’t want to do it unless you really think there’s no real alternative. But it was unassailable, our bill was unassailable.”
Others don’t see it that way.
Scott Wetch, a lobbyist who represented several unions in the negotiations, described SB 423 as an undemocratic law that would come back to haunt every legislator who voted for it, a “political aneurysm” that “one day will burst.”
He criticized how housing might get built in a streamlined capacity that edges out community input, and questioned whether the healthcare requirements will withstand future legal challenges.
And while some unions were going to bat for their members fighting for more rigorous job rules, Wetch said, others, like the carpenters, “sold their members down the river.”
“The carpenters went to a handful of developers, and said to them, ‘Hey, we want to get some work, we want to work with you, and we will be the Judases that remove these worker protections that you don’t like, because we want to get some work out of you,’” Wetch said.
The carpenters have shrugged off those criticisms. They see the issue as a done deal, the new labor standards now the blueprint for housing legislation in California.
“The carpenters would rather be problem solvers than just problem fighters,” Bradshaw said.
Inside: Are you finding yourself struggling to cover unexpected expenses? This guide will teach you how to create a financial plan and budget that will help you avoid costly surprises.
Life is full of surprises, and not all of them are pleasant. Sometimes, these surprises come in the form of unexpected expenses, hitting when one least expects them.
This can leave you devasted financially. Over the years, we have been slapped with unplanned costs and left scrambling.
However, you can successfully navigate through the rollercoaster ride of money management.
The key is knowing “What are unexpected expenses?’ Along with the knowledge equips you to avoid or mitigate them.
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What are Unexpected Expenses?
In the realm of personal finance, unexpected expenses are costs you haven’t foreseen or budgeted for. They strike out of nowhere, leaving you scrambling to balance your finances.
These expenses differ from other cost categories such as fixed expenses (weekly, monthly, and recurring costs like rent) and variable expenses (those that do not happen regularly but vary in cost like groceries).
The crux lies in not being able to anticipate these unplanned expenses, making them disruptive to financial plans.
What is an example of unplanned spending?
Unplanned spending often occurs when there’s an unforeseen event that demands immediate financial attention.
Picture this scenario: You take your car for a routine inspection; however, the car fails the inspection due to a defective part that needs immediate repair. Initially, you hadn’t allocated funds for this, but now you have to deal with this unforeseen cost – a classic case of unplanned spending.
Common Examples of Unexpected Expenses
Unforeseen financial events can leave many unprepared and struggling, adding unnecessary stress. This section will delve into examples of typical unexpected expenses that individuals often encounter, providing key insights into how to efficiently incorporate these into your financial plan.
By understanding and preparing for these unexpected expenses, one can effectively mitigate the surprise factor they pose, promoting a healthier and more secure financial state.
We have overcome many times and you can too!
1. Medical Emergencies and Healthcare Costs
Medical emergencies are prominent examples of unexpected expenses. Even with health insurance, costs can amass, thanks to high deductibles, co-payments, and therapies not covered by insurance.
One factor is paying for the medical costs, but the other weighing factor is loss of income when dealing with medical emergencies or critical diseases like cancer.
Overcome this by:
Contributing the max each year to your Health Savings Account (HSA). This way you have a bucket of money just for medical expenses.
Look into short-term disability insurance that can cover part of your lost wages while you can’t work.
2. Automatic Home or Vehicle Repair Needs
Home and vehicle repairs often sneak up as unexpected expenses. Time, accidents, natural disasters — all can cause wear and tear that demands immediate repair. The consequences of ignoring these repairs can be hefty.
Similarly, significant home repairs such as fixing a faulty HVAC system or leaky roof can set you back by thousands of dollars.
Overcome this by:
Be proactive with routine maintenance. Take care of your house and car before problems escalate.
Save the same amount each month for home and vehicle repairs separately.
Personally, we save $100 monthly for car repairs as one is a beater car. This amount will be increased to $350 to start saving for a new car. Conversely for home repairs, we keep a minimum of $1000. This amount will fluctuate depending on when we last did a major repair. Since we just replaced our HVAC, our funds are lower.
3. Natural disasters
Natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, wildfires, and floods, lead to unexpected spending. The impact of these events can cause significant damage to homes, cars, and other property, leading to repair and replacement costs.
Furthermore, these situations might also necessitate expenses for emergency supplies, temporary shelter, and other necessities. For instance, Hurricane Katrina inflicted a staggering $196.3 billion in damage, illustrating the overwhelming cost of such unpredictable events.1
Overcome this by:
Make sure you have proper insurance whether it is renter insurance or flood/wildlife insurance. Also, make sure you have the proper amount of insurance. As highlighted by the Marshall Fire where most people were underinsured. 2
Storing cash on hand at home in case of an emergency. A cushion of money will always be helpful.
4. Increase in Bills
Monthly bills are a constant in our lives, but what’s not constant is their amount. Landlords may raise the rent when leases are up for renewal, utility companies could increase their rates, and insurance premiums may also inflate periodically.
All these scenarios lead to higher monthly expenses. For example, the U.S. energy costs per household rose by 13% in 2022 reaching the highest percentage increase since it was measured. 3
Being unprepared for these increases can cause significant financial strain.
Overcome this by:
Get one month ahead on your bills. Then, you will start building a cushion. Also, known as aging your money – thanks to YNAB.
Be proactive and realize that with inflation high. All of your bills will likely increase in cost.
YNAB
Enjoy guilt-free spending and effortless saving with a friendly, flexible method for managing your finances.
Pros:
Comprehensive approach to budgeting, helping you plan monthly budgets based on your income.
Offers expert advice, making it suitable for those who require an in-depth, forward-thinking budgeting strategy.
Superior synchronization skills make it the winner in this area.
YNAB has extra features like goal setting for budgeting, shared budgeting tools for partners.
Option to manually add and upload transactions from accounts each month.
YNAB prioritizes user privacy.
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5. Overlooked Taxes
Overlooked taxes pose another source of unexpected expenditure.
A higher than expected tax bill can indeed surprise and unbalance your budget. This happened to my friend when she started her own fitness coaching business.
Uncertainties in estimating the exact tax amount, mathematical errors in filing, or an overlooked quarterly tax payment often culminate in an escalated tax bill. An audit from the IRS, though it may find no additional taxes owed, can lead to expensive fees from a CPA or tax attorney.
Overcome this:
Use a tax calculator to know what your estimated tax payment due.
Understand the common reasons you may owe higher taxes this year.
6. Pet Emergencies
Pet emergencies can bite a large chunk out of your budget without warning. For instance, if your cat suddenly starts having seizures or your dog gets hit by a car, the medical costs associated can spiral rapidly.
Emergency vet care can range between a few hundred dollars to several thousand dollars. For instance, a poisoning can range from $200-$3000. 4
Overcome this by:
Prevention methods like pet insurance can help you manage these costs effectively.
Decide in advance the maximum you are willing to spend on emergency vet care.
7. Delayed payments
Delayed payments may not be an external expense, but the repercussions can be just as financially challenging. This affects your income stream, potentially leading to difficulty in managing your financial obligations.
For example, if an employer goes bankrupt, salaries might be delayed or even indefinitely withheld. According to research, late payments can cost businesses $3 trillion globally, affecting both personal financial planning and business operations.5
This is a highly stressful situation.
Prepare yourself financially by:
Aging your money. By getting one month ahead of your bills, you can scrap through a delayed payment. YNAB coined this term.
Start saving for a large rainy day fund.
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8. Gifts and Special Occasions
Commemorating special occasions can lead to unexpected expenses. Life events such as birthdays, weddings, baby showers, and retirements, traditionally require gift-giving.
While typical gift giving on Christmas or birthdays should be part of your planned variable expenses. Saying yes to being a bridesmaid can definitely set you back a few thousand dollars. These are costs that we often fail to factor into our budgets.
Overcome this by:
Setting aside money monthly to cover gifts and special occasions.
If saying yes to a special event will hamper your finances, then you may have to politely decline the invitation.
9. Unexpected Travel Costs
Unexpected travel costs can significantly impact your budget, particularly when they arise from unplanned events such as attending a funeral or a wedding. The costs of last minute travel can vary widely depending on the destination, distance, and mode of transportation.
To manage these expenses, consider driving or taking public transportation for shorter trips, exploring less expensive lodging options, and creating a meal plan that limits dining out.
Overcome this by:
Setting aside a regular amount in a travel fund can help prepare for these unexpected costs that tend to crop up every year.
Decide if taking the unplanned trip is something you can feasibly manage with your current financial situation.
10. What You Forget to Budget for
Some subtle but regular expenses often sneak past our budget plans. This is why we have a full list of budgeting categories so hopefully, you don’t miss anything!
Consider online subscriptions and memberships: Many services offer free trials, but the charges kick in if not canceled. Other overlooked budget items may include pet care, parking fees, and toll fills—small amounts that may seem insignificant but can considerably dent your budget over time.
Overcome this by:
Review your checking account and credit card bills to see all of your expenses for the past year. Write down those unexpected expenses that came through.
Now, make a plan for how to spend your money in advance with your findings.
This helps you prepare for unexpected expenses
Here are simple tips to make sure you employ the habits of a financially stable person.
Tip #1 – Building an Emergency Fund
Building an emergency fund is a fundamental strategy to brace for unexpected expenses. This fund acts as a financial buffer, providing the economic security to cover unexpected costs without tapping into monthly budgets or savings aimed at other goals.
As a starting point, aim to save $1000 and then work your way up to save a month’s paycheck. Start small and build over time – every penny set aside helps to mitigate future financial stress.
Tip #2 – Properly Utilizing Sinking Funds
Sinking Funds are a sagacious tactic to prepare for larger, infrequent expenses. They allow you to systematically and gradually save up for anticipated financial obligations such as vacations, holiday gifts, car maintenance, etc.
By assigning a specific amount to save each month, by the time the need arises, you’ll have a pool of money ready. With platforms like YNAB, creating sinking funds becomes easier, letting you monitor your progress month by month.
This is how we have less frequent unplanned costs than we did in our 20s.
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Tip #3 – Saving for the Larger Rainy Day
Beyond smaller emergency funds and sinking funds, saving for the ‘larger rainy day’ is a crucial tactic to avoid financial duress caused by unexpected expenses. This refers to padding your savings to cover larger, more substantial financial shocks that might require more than just a few months’ worth of expenses.
It may take time to build such a fund, but even a small contribution each month can result in substantial savings over time.
Tip #4 – Pick up a Side Hustle
One way to strengthen your financial resilience against unplanned expenses is to start a side hustle. This could mean picking up extra shifts at work, selling handcrafted items online, or using skills like photography or writing for freelance work.
With the rise of the internet, making money online is really easy and simple to get started. We have a few side hustles to shield against unforeseen costs.
Tip #5 – Budget Properly and Stick to It
Budgeting is an essential line of defense against unexpected expenses. By tracking your income and comparing it against both predictable and variable expenses, you can calculate how much money can be saved each month.
Regular budget check-ins help ensure you’re staying on track, steadying your financial footing.
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Yearly subscription-based model to use the platform.
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Tip #6 – Regular Review of Financial Plans
Regularly reviewing and updating your financial plans can serve as a preventative measure against unexpected expenses. Consider changes in income, expenses, and lifestyles, and adjust your savings and spending plans accordingly.
Tip #7 – Utilizing Digital Banking Features for Money Management
Digital banking tools have revolutionized financial management and can be part of a robust strategy to avoid unexpected expenses.
Features such as instant account balance checking, transaction alerts, set-and-forget savings transfers, budgeting tools, and proactive spending categorization help you grasp where your money is and how it’s being spent.
Tools to Ward Off Unexpected Expenses and Not Go into Debt
Unexpected expenses are inevitable, yet going into debt to cover these costs can lead to financial strain due to accumulated interest and fees.
Here are crucial steps in preventing unexpected expenses from turning into debt.
Dealing smartly with Credit Cards options
Credit cards can serve as a lifeline during a financial crunch but should be employed judiciously.
To smartly deal with unexpected expenses, consider options like 0% or low-interest credit card offers – these are particularly useful if you can pay off the balance during the introductory period. But tread with caution: high-interest rates can cause difficulties if you can’t pay off the balance in time.
Profit from Asking for a Paycheck Advance
In times when emergency expenses arise, asking for a paycheck advance can help. Some employers offer this as part of their policy to assist employees dealing with abrupt financial needs. A salary advance allows you to ‘borrow’ from your future earnings and repay the amount through future pay deductions.
Budgeting apps like Chime not only help in tracking expenses, but they also enable early access to your paycheck, up to two days before payday. This feature ensures you avoid running short of money at the end of the week or month, allotting you ample room to plan, track, and adjust your spending and savings.
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Exploring Personal Loans for Emergency Situations
Personal loans are a convenient option during urgent monetary needs. They are unsecured loans and therefore don’t require collateral.
However, they’re typically accompanied by relatively high-interest rates. Consider using online prequalification tools for personal loans to determine if you’re eligible and view potential interest rates.
Explore different lenders, but be wary of the terms and conditions to make sure you don’t invite more financial trouble.
Which of the following is true regarding unexpected expenses?
Unexpected expenses are costs that are not anticipated or planned for, such as sudden car repairs or medical emergencies.
To efficiently manage unexpected expenses, it’s recommended to make them a part of the monthly budget. A suggested approach is to analyze past “unexpected expenses”, then estimate their costs and timing, which can provide an estimate of how much should be saved each month.
While basing future expenses on past ones only furnishes savings guidelines, this method can prevent an unexpected expense from turning into a severe financial emergency.
Planning for unexpected expenses by setting aside money from each paycheck can protect individuals from unforeseen financial difficulties.
Understanding what types of unexpected expenses might occur can help in the development of strategies to handle them successfully, reducing the impact of any unpleasant financial surprises.
Yes, all of the statements above are true.
What is not true about unexpected expenses?
Unexpected expenses are entirely out of our control.
Unexpected expenses can be completely avoided.
These unanticipated costs only occur irregularly or infrequently.
You can’t prepare for unexpected expenses.
All of these statements are not true. While the occurrence of these expenses might be unexpected, they’re not entirely unpredictable. Many times, they are the result of poor financial planning or management as they are often unforeseen costs that were not anticipated or included in a budget.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
It’s advisable to aim for at least 3 to 6 months of living costs for an emergency fund. This acts as a buffer to cover unexpected expenses and offers financial security during unexpected life events like job loss or serious illness.
However, the “right” amount to save varies depending on your personal situation, lifestyle, and financial obligations. Always remember: saving something is better than saving nothing; start small and increase gradually as your income allows.
Financial experts generally advise having an emergency fund equivalent to three to six months of monthly expenses. This guidepost factors in expenses such as food, housing, utilities, transport, healthcare, and other necessities.
However, if you are in a volatile occupation or the sole breadwinner of the family, aiming for a larger fund may be prudent. Whichever your situation, remember it’s not about reaching the benchmark overnight; the key is consistency in saving.
Managing urgent financial liabilities without incurring debt hinges on proactive financial planning.
Building an emergency fund: Start small and deposit to accumulate enough to cover at least three to six months of essential expenses.
Proper budgeting: Maintain a budget, ensuring you live within your means and regularly contribute to savings.
Insurance coverage: Adequate insurance coverage can help circumvent the financial impact of medical emergencies or catastrophic events.
Extra income: Consider a side hustle for additional income to bolster your budget and increase your savings.
Plan Ahead to Avoid Unforeseen Expenses
While unexpected expenses are an inevitable part of life, their financial stress isn’t.
Through effective planning and budgeting, you can cushion their blow, ensuring they don’t throw you into financial turmoil. Around here at Money Bliss, we strive for our readers to have less stress with money.
No matter how well you plan, unexpected costs can still arise from time to time. They can happen quite regularly, which is why it’s crucial to include them in budget planning.
By setting aside a portion of each paycheck in a savings account, you can be better prepared for such costs when they arise.
Remember, every dollar saved is a step towards greater financial stability, helping you to navigate life’s uncertainties with confidence and peace of mind.
Now, make sure you are financially sound.
Source
NOAA.gov. “Costliest U.S. Tropical Cyclones.” https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/billions/dcmi.pdf. Accessed December 1, 2023.
Colorado Public Radio. “Most people who lost homes in the Marshall Fire were underinsured, Colorado insurance regulators say.” https://www.cpr.org/2022/05/02/most-people-who-lost-homes-in-the-marshall-fire-were-underinsured-colorado-insurance-regulators-say/. Accessed December 1, 2023.
U.S. Energy Information Association. “U.S. residential electricity bills increased 5% in 2022, after adjusting for inflation.” https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=56660. Accessed December 1, 2023.
BetterPet. “Average emergency vet costs: what to expect.” https://betterpet.com/emergency-vet-costs/. Accessed December 1, 2023.
Mastercard. “Your real-time guide to real-time payments.” https://www.mastercard.com/news/perspectives/2023/real-time-payments-what-is-rtp-and-why-do-we-need-instant-payments/. Accessed December 1, 2023.
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As high interest rates and housing prices weigh down potential home buyers, the Neighborhood Homes Investment Act could be on the way to help.
The proposed federal initiative would enable better affordability for home buyers by injecting $16 billion for adding more housing stock to the market and $10.1 billion for down payment assistance.
While it still needs to pass all three branches of government, it’s helpful to understand the legislation if it gets signed into law. Here’s what you need to know.
Check your home buying eligibility. Start here
What is the Neighborhood Homes Investment Act?
Introduced in 2023, the Neighborhood Homes Investment Act (NHIA) is a bipartisan bill aiming to boost housing affordability through increased development and down payment assistance.
As it currently stands, it would devote $16 billion toward the building and rehabilitation of an estimated 400,000 homes, according to a White House statement. The proposal would also allocate $10 billion in down payment assistance and a $100 million pilot program to supplement opportunities for first-generation and/or low wealth first-time homebuyers.
Verify your home buying eligibility. Start here
“Everyone deserves a safe and affordable place to call home. Our bipartisan tax credit will drive housing investments and revitalize neighborhoods … while keeping them affordable for low- and moderate-income families,” Senator Ben Cardin (D-Md.) said in a press release. “This credit will allow individuals in these communities to build equity and wealth for their families.”
The ongoing dearth of available for-sale properties has held back the entire housing market. Coupled with the rapid mortgage rate growth from 2023, fewer borrowers can afford homeownership and fewer homeowners want to sell.
“The number of homes that are available for sale is the lowest or close to the lowest it’s ever been,” said Mortgage Bankers Association Deputy Chief Economist Joel Kan. “A lot of that has been driven by the lock-in effect — many borrowers have lower mortgage rates than what’s being offered right now, so they’re just not willing to sell or list their homes.”
Has the Biden Neighborhood Homes Investment Act been passed?
As of November 2023, the Biden Neighborhood Homes Investment Act has not been passed, so the funding is not yet available.
Congress still needs to approve the proposed legislation before the President signs it into law. There is no set timeline for the act to pass. It is possible that it could be passed in the near future, but it is also possible that it could be delayed or even defeated in the process.
Other policies in the legislative pipeline
Even more federal help for borrowers could potentially be on the way as well. Similar to the NHIA, two other notable bills intended to help home buyers hang in bureaucratic limbo.
The First-Time Home Buyer Tax Credit would provide up to $15,000 in refundable tax credit to first-time borrowers. As long as the house isn’t sold within four years, the credit won’t need to be repaid. The second is the Downpayment Toward Equity Act. If signed into law, this would give eligible first-time home buyers a $25,000 cash grant to put toward their purchase.
Help for first-time home buyers
Buying property is a major milestone and often the largest financial decision people make.
Check your home buying options. Start here
While these proposed bills could potentially alleviate some affordability issues, plenty of helpful solutions already exist if you’re in the market to buy your first home. These come in the form of state assistance programs and special mortgages.
First-time home buyer mortgages
First-time home buyer loans are specifically designed with more favorable terms for the borrower, aimed to make homeownership more attainable.
Below is a quick rundown of these loans and their base qualifications:
Program
Minimum Credit Score
Down Payment Requirement
Other Requirements
FHA Loans
580 (with 3.5% down)
3.5%-10%
Mortgage insurance is required. Property must meet certain standards
Conventional 97
620
3%
At least one borrower must be a first-time home buyer. Private Mortgage Insurance may be required
Home Possible
660
3%
Income limits apply. Homeownership education required
HomeReady
620
3%
Income limits apply. Homeownership education required
USDA Loans
640
0%
Must be in a USDA-eligible rural area. Income limits apply
VA Loans
Varies by lender
0%
Available to veterans, active-duty service members, and certain members of the National Guard or Reserves
Broken down on a more local level, every state offers its own first-time home buyer program. These programs are customized to their markets, fitting the needs of the buyers within them.
Verify your low-down-payment loan options. Start here
Down payment assistance programs
Additionally, down payment assistance (DPA) can provide a big hand in clearing the financial hurdles to homeownership. The best part is you don’t necessarily need to be a first-time buyer to qualify for some DPA programs.
Every state has its own DPA to potentially take advantage of, found through local housing agencies, lenders, and city and state websites.
Explore your options
The housing market would get a much needed inventory boost if the Neighborhood Homes Investment Act gets passed. It would also inject more capital into down payment assistance programs for first-time home buyers.
In the meantime, those looking to buy their first home can and should still explore their loan options and see what financial assistance they may qualify for. Following a step-by-step guide for first-time home buying can also help you set expectations and get everything you need in order.
If you’re ready to begin your path to homeownership, contact a local lender today.
Time to make a move? Let us find the right mortgage for you
We’re now well and truly into fall, with festivities in full swing, which signifies perhaps our favorite part of this time of year: cozy home decor. While naturally, there are obvious changes to your home you’ll no doubt make each year to increase the warmth as we spend more evenings indoors, we’re taking inspiration from Nate Berkus’ very own fall decor ideas.
Taking to Instagram, the interior design master shared a video in which he talks through two changes he makes to ensure his home is ready for the colder months ahead, and as expected, they’re not only practical but of course endlessly stylish.
home decor ideas, which are incredibly easy to recreate yourself. Perhaps the best part – you can take these ideas and make them your own with your preferred decor style.
1. Swap fresh florals for fall-inspired foliage
(Image credit: Afloral)
Nate’s first fall decor rule is to swap summertime florals with more winter-appropriate foliage. ‘The flowers and the branches and the things that we have throughout our home turn to something a little bit richer… a little bit warmer. In the summertime, it’s usually whites and brights, and now they’re like leaves that are changing.’
‘I love bringing the outside in and this is the way to do it,’ he continues. There are endless fall foliage decorating ideas to embrace, from decorative garlands to a simple arrangement in a vase of dried seasonal plants. This time of year is perfect for bringing in rich, autumnal colors such as deep orange and red hues. For a more subtle look, opt for classic green foliage which will promote a classic style that looks festive for all of your Christmas foliage ideas.
2. Refresh bedding with a layered look
(Image credit: Adam Carter)
‘The second thing that we do, when fall comes, is that our beds get layered,’ explains Nate. ‘The kids get extra blankets; we get extra blankets. Maybe I’ll throw in a highly textured pillow… I just like the idea of home feeling warm, all the time. But especially when it’s fall.’
This decor idea is essential for this time of year. Not only does layering bedding add much-needed warmth for colder nights, but the visual effect it has can be endlessly stylish. You can incorporate whichever type of textiles you’re most drawn to, but for a cohesive look, try and establish one color palette and opt for different variations of one color family when layering bedding. You can then mix lots of different textures, such as boucle cushions, and a velvet throw, to create an eclectic look that looks endlessly cozy.
Below, we’ve rounded up some of our favorite winter-appropriate bedding items to help you create a similar fall bedding trend; they’re not only cozy but stylish too.
1
McGee & Co. Gabriella Block Print Quilt
2
Anthropologie Plush Crushed Velvet Quilted Shams, Set of 2
3
McGee & Co. Hadlee Boucle Throw
For the colder months that lie ahead, we have lots more winter decor ideas to give you some inspiration to ensure your home is as cozy as possible; from warming scents to decorating with color.