Mortgage interest rates were mostly up compared to a week ago, according to rate data compiled by Bankrate. Average rates for 30-year fixed, 15-year fixed and jumbo loans moved higher, while 5/1 ARM rates declined.
Mortgage rates could gradually come down this year, according to Greg McBride, CFA, Bankrate chief financial analyst. As the Federal Reserve stopped raising rates in 2023, mortgages rates started to drop at the end of Q4. The central bank now may start to cut rates in 2024 — a move that would have broad economic impact, including on the 10-year Treasury, the primary influencer of fixed mortgage rates.
“The 10-year Treasury yield that serves as a baseline for fixed mortgage rates will have a bouncy journey lower, moving back above 4 percent early in 2024 but trending lower as inflation cools and the Fed gets closer to cutting rates,” says McBride. “For mortgage rates, that portends a general downtrend — albeit with fits and starts — in 2024.”
Rates accurate as of January 25, 2024.
These rates are averages based on the assumptions indicated here. Actual rates available on-site may vary. This story has been reviewed by Suzanne De Vita. All rate data accurate as of Thursday, January 25th, 2024 at 7:30 a.m.
Current 30 year mortgage rate advances, +0.02%
The average rate for a 30-year fixed mortgage for today is 7.03 percent, up 2 basis points over the last week. This time a month ago, the average rate on a 30-year fixed mortgage was lower, at 6.95 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay $667.32 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That’s $1.35 higher compared with last week.
Use our mortgage calculator to estimate your monthly payments and see how much you’ll save by adding extra payments. This calculator will also help you calculate how much interest you’ll pay over the life of the loan.
15-year mortgage rate goes up, +0.03%
The average rate for the benchmark 15-year fixed mortgage is 6.47 percent, up 3 basis points over the last seven days.
Monthly payments on a 15-year fixed mortgage at that rate will cost $869 per $100,000 borrowed. The bigger payment may be a little harder to find room for in your monthly budget than a 30-year mortgage payment, but it comes with some big advantages: You’ll save thousands of dollars over the life of the loan in total interest paid and build equity much faster.
5/1 ARM rate drops, -0.24%
The average rate on a 5/1 ARM is 6.13 percent, ticking down 24 basis points since the same time last week.
Adjustable-rate mortgages, or ARMs, are mortgage terms that come with a floating interest rate. To put it another way, the interest rate will change at regular intervals, unlike fixed-rate mortgages. These types of loans are best for those who expect to sell or refinance before the first or second adjustment. Rates could be much higher when the loan first adjusts, and thereafter.
While borrowers shunned ARMs during the pandemic days of super-low rates, this type of loan has made a comeback as mortgage rates have risen.
Monthly payments on a 5/1 ARM at 6.13 percent would cost about $608 for each $100,000 borrowed over the initial five years, but could increase by hundreds of dollars afterward, depending on the loan’s terms.
Current jumbo mortgage rate trends upward, +0.01%
The current average rate you’ll pay for jumbo mortgages is 7.07 percent, up 1 basis point since the same time last week. Last month on the 25th, the average rate was lower, at 7.00 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay a combined $670.01 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That’s an additional $0.67 per $100,000 compared to last week.
Refinance rates
30-year mortgage refinance rate declines, -0.05%
The average 30-year fixed-refinance rate is 7.17 percent, down 5 basis points from a week ago. A month ago, the average rate on a 30-year fixed refinance was lower, at 7.09 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay $676.76 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. Compared with last week, that’s $3.38 lower.
Where are mortgage rates going?
The Federal Reserve has signaled that it intends to cut rates in 2024, depending on inflation and employment data and other factors. The Fed meets again on Jan. 31.
Current average 30-year mortgage rates are slightly below 7 percent as of mid-January. As the year progresses, expect rates to slowly trend downward, says McBride.
“Mortgage rates will spend the bulk of the year in the 6s, with movement below 6 percent confined to the back half of the year,” says McBride.
The rates on 30-year mortgages mostly follow the 10-year treasury, which shifts continuously as economic conditions dictate, while the cost of variable-rate home loans mirror the Fed’s moves. These broader factors influence overall rate movement. As a borrower, you could be quoted a higher or lower rate compared to the trend.
What current rates mean for you and your mortgage
While mortgage rates change daily, it’s unlikely we’ll see rates back at 3 percent any time soon. If you’re shopping for a mortgage now, it might be wise to lock your rate when you find an affordable loan. If your house-hunt is taking longer than anticipated, revisit your budget so you’ll know exactly how much house you can afford at prevailing market rates.
To help you uncover the best deal, get at least three loan offers, according to Freddie Mac research. You don’t have to stick with your bank or credit union, either. There are many types of mortgage lenders, including online-only and local, smaller shops.
“All too often, some [homebuyers] take the path of least resistance when seeking a mortgage, in part because the process of buying a home can be stressful, complicated and time-consuming,” says Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst for Bankrate. “But when we’re talking about the potential of saving a lot of money, seeking the best deal on a mortgage has an excellent return on investment. Why leave that money on the table when all it takes is a bit more effort to shop around for the best rate, or lowest cost, on a mortgage?”
More on current mortgage rates
Methodology
Bankrate displays two sets of rate averages that are produced from two surveys we conduct: one daily (“overnight averages”) and the other weekly (“Bankrate Monitor averages”).
The rates on this page represent our overnight averages. For these averages, APRs and rates are based on no existing relationship or automatic payments.
Learn more about Bankrate’s rate averages, editorial guidelines and how we make money.
Inside: Escape the cycle of being broke with insightful tactics. Learn to invest, save smartly, spot financial traps, and build secure money habits today.
You are desperate right now. You want to know why I am broke.
I get it. This is a situation I have been in before and just recently when I lost my main source of income.
The feelings of you can’t afford anything may send you down a steep spiral of depression.
So, how do we escape?
Here are the tips I used before and plan to use again.
Top Reasons for Why I am Broke
#1 – The Mindset Traps That Keep You Broke
A mindset that cultivates a sense of scarcity rather than abundance can be a massive roadblock to financial prosperity. When you’re shackled by thoughts like “I am always broke,” you unwittingly set the stage for a self-fulfilling prophecy.
The mental narrative that convinces you wealth is unattainable can keep you trapped in a loop of missed opportunities and poor financial decisions.
You may inadvertently sabotage your potential to earn more, save, or invest wisely by clinging to a defeatist paradigm.
Fixing a broken mindset is about shifting from a state of helplessness to one of deliberate, empowering action.
It starts with self-awareness and is further built through intentional positive affirmations and financial education.
Overcome By: Remember, the mind is powerful—it can be your greatest ally or your most formidable adversary. Change your money mindset.
#2 – Living Beyond Your Means: A Fast Track to Empty Pockets
Living beyond your means is akin to constantly filling a sieve with water, hoping it will someday retain more than it loses—a surefire way to financial drought. It’s a lifestyle where your outflow far exceeds your inflow, and every paycheck evaporates into the ether of consumerism.
With the advent of credit cards and buy-now-pay-later schemes, the temptation to spend money we don’t have has never been greater.
The façade of affluence conceals the grim reality of financial instability.
Acknowledging this trap is step one. Living within one’s means doesn’t imply sacrificing joy or reverting to asceticism; it’s about striking a harmonious balance between the lifestyle you desire and the one you can sensibly afford.
Overcome By: Making choices aligned with your financial reality, finding contentment in simplicity, and prioritizing financial health over transient pleasures.
#3 – Chronic Debt: Borrowing from Tomorrow for Today
Chronic debt is a pervasive issue, ensnaring individuals in a vicious cycle of borrowing today and worrying about repayment tomorrow. This pattern often stems from an urgency to fulfill immediate desires or needs without adequate financial resources.
Alarmingly, the trend of increasing consumer debt signals a culture obsessed with instant gratification as consumer debt is $16.84 trillion in Q2 2023, according to Experian. 1
Being in debt should not be normal.
The onus of breaking free from chronic debt lies in reevaluating your relationship with money. It means slowing down the urge to splurge, meticulously planning for future financial obligations, and carving a path towards debt repayment.
Overcome By: Find the discipline to not only stop accumulating debt but also to aggressively tackle existing debts through methods like debt snowball or debt avalanche strategies.
#4 – You Haven’t Learned to Plan and Budget for a Brighter Tomorrow
The lack of a strategic financial plan and a detailed budget is tantamount to navigating unknown terrain without a map. Without these critical tools, your finances are left to chance rather than choice, leaving you vulnerable to the whims of circumstance.
Budgeting is perhaps the most fundamental step toward taking ownership of your financial future. It gives you a clear snapshot of where your money is going, which is essential for making informed spending decisions.
However, many avoid the budgeting process, perceiving it as restrictive or complex. The truth is that budgeting liberates you from the anxiety that comes with uncertainty. It empowers you to align your spending with your financial goals and to find a balance between today’s necessities and tomorrow’s aspirations.
Overcome By: Choose a budgeting method whether it be the zero-based budget, the 50/30/20 rule, or the envelope system, the key is to find a method that resonates with your lifestyle and stick to it.
#5 – No Emergency Fund to Weather Financial Storms
An emergency fund is an essential bulwark against the financial tempests life invariably hurls your way. Without it, a single unforeseen event—a job loss, a medical emergency, or an urgent car repair—can capsize an already precarious financial ship. The lack of an emergency cushion extends an open invitation to debt and financial strain.
The data tells a stark tale:
A statement from the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau highlights that nearly a quarter of consumers (24%) don’t have an emergency savings account. 2
Additionally, 39% have less than a month’s worth of income saved for emergencies, setting the stage for potential financial disaster. 2
This precarious situation has become more pronounced with the increasing cost of living and high inflation rates witnessed in 2021-2023.
Overcome By: Structured, automatic savings transfers to facilitate the gradual growth of your emergency fund without it feeling like a financial blow. The goal is to build a reservoir robust enough to cover several months of living expenses, providing a comfortable buffer that can help you bounce back from setbacks without the need to borrow money at high-interest rates or liquidate precious assets at inopportune times.
#6 – Lack of Understanding of The Power of Investing
Understanding the power of investing is key to grasping the potential of a seed. A seed, given the right conditions, can grow into a flourishing tree. Similarly, investing allows your finances to grow beyond the confines of stagnant savings.
Yet, many people fail to harness this power due to a lack of understanding or fear of the unknown. This was me for many years until I decided to learn to trade stocks.
A common misconception surrounding investing is that it’s solely the playground for the rich or financially savvy. This myth steers many away from multiplying their wealth via investments, leaving them to rely solely on their primary source of income. Moreover, a lack of understanding often leads to panic during market volatility, resulting in ill-timed decisions to buy high and sell low—contrary to sound investment strategies.
Overcome By: Invest money consistently into a low-cost mutual fund or ETF that tracks the overall S&P. Then, continue your investing education on how to invest in stocks.
#7 – Wasteful Spending Habits
Wasteful spending habits are the quiet thieves of financial security. They nibble away at your earnings, leaving you wondering where your money has gone at the end of each month. This pattern often goes unnoticed, as it’s usually composed of small, seemingly insignificant purchases that accumulate over time.
The danger of wasteful spending is its subtlety.
It’s the daily coffee on the way to work, the meal out because cooking feels like too much of an effort, or the impulse buys during the sale season.
Individually, these do not seem like considerable expenses, but together, they can consume a substantial portion of your budget.
To curtail this financial leak begins with recognizing and acknowledging these habits. Tracking every penny spent can be an eye-opening experience, illustrating just how quickly the ‘little things’ can add up. With this awareness, one can then consciously decide where to cut back.
Overcome By: Adopting a minimalist approach, where value and purpose become the benchmarks for every expense, can help combat wasteful spending. Questions like, “Do I really need this?” or “Will this purchase add value to my life?” can serve as useful filters. Take up a no spend challenge to see your mindless consumption.
#8 – Fail to Recognize the Patterns That Lead to a Near-Empty Wallet
Failing to recognize the patterns that deplete your wallet is akin to ignoring the signs of a leaking roof until it caves in—it’s a disaster in the making. Often, it isn’t one significant financial blunder, but rather a series of small, recurring missteps that lead to the near-empty wallet syndrome.
For instance, routinely underestimating monthly expenses can lead to a perpetual state of surprise when the bills pile up.
Similarly, neglecting to keep tabs on bank account balances may result in overdraft fees that, over time, take a sizable bite out of your funds.
Disregarding the accumulative effects of late payment charges or routinely paying only the minimum on credit card balances can exacerbate financial distress.
Overcome By: To reverse this trend, one must become a detective in their own financial mystery. Start by scrutinizing bank statements and tracking expenses. Look for patterns, like repeated late-night online shopping sprees or habitual dining out, which contribute to the thinning of your wallet. Use budgeting apps or spreadsheets to flag these patterns visually, making it easier to identify and amend them.
#9 – How Fear and Denial Contribute to Ongoing Money Issues
Fear comes in several forms: fear of failure, fear of taking risks, and even fear of facing the truth about one’s financial situation. It can immobilize individuals, preventing them from making necessary financial changes or taking action that could otherwise mitigate or reverse money woes.
For instance, the fear of losing money might dissuade one from investing in potentially lucrative opportunities, leaving them stuck in the low-yield safety of a savings account.
Further, there’s the psychological phenomenon of denial—a defense mechanism that numbs the pain of reality. When faced with mounting debt or budgetary failure, denial kicks in, allowing individuals to live as if the problem doesn’t exist. Unfortunately, ignoring overdue notices or dodging calls from creditors doesn’t make debts disappear.
Denial only deepens the financial hole, often leading to larger, more complex problems.
Overcome By: To confront these challenges, it’s crucial to adopt a stance of brutal honesty with oneself. This means acknowledging fears and confronting financial shortcomings head-on. Professional help, such as financial counselors or advisors, can provide support and guidance to navigate these tricky emotional waters.
#10 – No Clear Financial Goals and Plans
The absence of clear financial goals and plans is like embarking on a voyage without a destination. It not only leads to aimless wandering but also ensures that you miss out on the focus and motivation that well-defined objectives provide.
When you lack clarity on what you’re saving for or what you wish to achieve, there is little impetus to resist the temptations of immediate gratification or to weather the short-term sacrifices that long-term gains often require.
Setting clear and measurable financial goals lays the groundwork for creating effective plans to reach them.
Overcome By: To break this cycle, begin by reflecting on what you value most and where you would like to be financially in the future. Whether it’s achieving debt freedom, owning a home, funding education, or planning for retirement, having specific goals in mind will define the purpose of your financial activities. Craft a plan that outlines the steps needed to accomplish them.
#11 – Laziness is your Game
When you approach your finances with a laissez-faire attitude, it’s akin to ignoring the health of a garden; without regular attention and effort, it’s bound to wither. Financial laziness can manifest in various ways, from failing to review bank statements and ignoring budgeting to neglecting opportunities to cut costs or boost income.
Each act of omission is a step closer to the financial doldrums.
Procrastination or avoidance might seem less painful at the moment, but they ultimately compound the problem. Contrary to what some might think, simple acts of financial diligence, such as cash management or regularly doing household chores, do not require Herculean effort.
Moreover, they set a foundation for sound financial habits that thwart needless spending.
Overcome By: Schedule time for financial management much like an important meeting.
#12 – Keeping up with Others is Breaking Your Bank
The urge to keep up with others—often termed the ‘Keeping up with the Joneses’ or ‘Keeping up with the Kardashians’ phenomenon—is a profound pressure that exerts an invisible, yet powerful, force on financial habits. This social comparison can lead to an insidious form of competition, one that disregards personal financial realities in favor of an illusory social standing.
It’s an impulse driven by comparison, where the benchmark of success is set not by personal satisfaction, but by the possessions and lifestyles of others.
The decision to upgrade to a luxury car, splurge on designer clothes, or redo a perfectly functional kitchen stems not from need, but from a desire to project an image that matches or surpasses those in your social sphere.
Financial guru Dave Ramsey encapsulates this philosophy with his common saying, “Live like no one else will now, so in the future, you can live like no one else can.” This means making money moves that are right for you, not those dictated by social pressures, which can sometimes involve humbler living now for a wealthier future.
Overcome By: Breaking free from the shackles of this social competition requires introspection and a bold reaffirmation of personal values. Adjusting focus towards personal financial goals and aspirations, rather than mirroring others’ spending decisions, is key.
#13 – Need Help Differentiating Needs from Wants
The blurring line between needs and wants is a common financial pitfall that can lead individuals deeper into the morass of money woes.
Needs are essentials, the non-negotiable items necessary for survival—food, shelter, healthcare, and basic utilities.
Wants, on the other hand, include anything that is not vital for basic survival but enhances comfort and enjoyment of life.
The difficulty in distinguishing between the two often stems from habituation. What starts as a luxury, like eating out at restaurants, getting a high-end smartphone, or subscribing to multiple streaming services, can quickly become perceived as essential. This is particularly difficult in a consumer-driven society, where advertising and social media constantly inflate our perception of what we ‘need’ to lead a fulfilling life.
The result? A budget that’s stretched thin on non-essentials, leaving little room for savings or investment.
Overcome By: Regularly reassess expenses and ask the hard questions about whether a purchase is genuinely essential or merely a desire dressed up as a need.
#14 – You Don’t Make Enough Money to Cover Your Expenses
When your income doesn’t cover expenses, the strain can be relentless. This financial imbalance is often the stark root of the “I am broke” refrain. In such cases, every dollar becomes precious, and the financial breathing room feels nonexistent.
The reason is straightforward: if what comes in is less than what goes out, deficits and debt are the inevitable outcomes.
Addressing this challenge requires a two-pronged approach—increasing income and/or reducing expenses. For many, reducing expenses is the immediate reflex, and while it’s an essential strategy, there’s only so much you can save, but no limit to how much you can earn.
Overcome By: Focus on making more money. This could mean asking for a raise, seeking better-paying job opportunities, pursuing a side hustle, making money online, or acquiring new skills that offer higher income potential.
Long-Term Solutions to Build a Secure Financial Future
Building a secure financial future is an aspirational goal for many, but achieving it requires a strategic approach characterized by foresight, discipline, and an understanding of personal finance.
Becoming financially independent doesn’t happen by magic chance; it’s the result of deliberate actions taken with consistency over time.
Here are the foundational blocks for constructing a sturdy financial edifice:
Invest in Financial Literacy: Knowledge is power, and this is especially true in the realm of finance. Educate yourself about budgeting, investing, insurance, taxes, and retirement planning. Reliable resources include books, online courses, podcasts, and workshops.
Set Clear Financial Goals: Define what financial success looks like for you, whether it’s being debt-free, owning a home, or achieving financial independence. Detailed goals provide direction and motivation for your financial plan.
Create a Robust Budget: A flexible budget isn’t a one-time exercise but a living document that should evolve with your financial situation. It should reflect your income, fixed and variable expenses, and financial goals.
Establish an Emergency Fund: This is the bedrock of financial security. Aim to save three to six months’ worth of living expenses to protect yourself from unforeseen circumstances without falling into debt.
Pay Off Debt: High-interest debt is a major impediment to financial growth. Utilize strategies like the debt snowball or avalanche methods to tackle debts efficiently. Once you’re debt-free, avoid accumulating new debt.
Diversify Income Streams: Relying on a single source of income is a risk. Look for opportunities to create additional streams of income, such as side businesses, freelance work, or passive income from investments.
Invest Wisely: Make your money work for you through smart investments. Consider diversified portfolios, retirement accounts, and tax-efficient investment strategies to grow your wealth over time.
Plan for Retirement: The future is closer than you think. Contribute regularly to retirement accounts like 401(k)s or IRAs. Take advantage of employer match programs if available, as they’re essentially free money.
Protect Yourself with Insurance: Ensure you have adequate insurance coverage for health, life, property, and potential liabilities. This helps to guard against catastrophic financial losses.
Breaking the Cycle of Being Broke
Just like becoming broke is often a gradual process—a few uncalculated loans, hasty investments, and numerous credit card swipes. Suddenly, financial stability seems like a far-off dream.
The same goes for breaking the cycle of being broke. It is about moving from living paycheck to paycheck with no savings, drowning in debt, and making questionable spending decisions to become financially stable.
Even though our society may see being broke as normal, it is possible to embrace financial prudence to defy such norms. It’s time to delve into the reasons behind the perpetuation of brokeness and unveil practical steps toward lasting financial freedom.
What do I do if I’m broke?
Finding yourself in a financial predicament where the end of your money arrives before your next paycheck is a stress-inducing scenario.
When faced with the stark reality of being broke, here’s a step-by-step guide to help you navigate through and set the stage for a more stable financial future:
Assess Your Situation: Take stock of all your available assets and resources. This includes checking account balances, any savings, and items you could potentially sell for quick cash. Understanding what you have can help you gauge your immediate next steps.
Prioritize Your Expenses: Sort your expenses by urgency and necessity. Essentials like rent, utilities, and groceries come first. Non-essentials or discretionary spending should be paused or significantly reduced until your financial situation improves.
Reduce Costs Immediately: Eliminate any non-essential expenses. Cancel or suspend subscriptions, memberships, or services that are not vital. Consider cheaper alternatives for necessary expenses, and utilize community resources, such as food pantries, if needed.
Negotiate with Creditors: If you’re struggling to pay your bills, proactively reach out to creditors to discuss payment options. Many are willing to work with you on a revised payment plan to avoid defaults.
Seek Additional Income Sources: Consider taking on a side job, selling unused items, freelancing, or offering your skills for short-term gigs. Even small amounts of additional income can make a significant difference when you’re broke.
Consider Assistance Programs: Look into local, state, and federal assistance programs. You may be eligible for temporary aid to help with food, housing, or utility bills.
Borrow with Caution: If borrowing is unavoidable, be cautious and choose the most cost-effective options such as loans from family or friends, a personal loan with a low-interest rate, or a hardship withdrawal from your retirement account (as a last resort).
Remember, being broke can happen to anyone, so there’s no shame in it.
The key is to take swift, decisive action to mitigate the immediate crisis while also planning longer-term strategies to prevent recurrence. By addressing the issue head-on and adjusting your financial habits, you can initiate the journey from being broke to becoming financially buoyant.
FAQ: Navigating Away from Being Broke
Finding yourself consistently broke at the end of each month is an indicator that there’s a disconnect between your income and your spending habits.
It’s often the result of several factors or behaviors that, when combined, result in a cycle of financial scarcity. Here are common reasons why this might be happening:
No Budget or Poor Budgeting
Overspending
Impulse Purchases
Lack of Emergency Savings
Failure to Track Expenses
Living paycheck to paycheck
High Debt Payments
Remember, understanding why you’re broke at the end of the month is the first step towards financial stability.
Saving money when funds seem stretched to their limit is a challenge that requires creative strategy and discipline. Even with a tight budget, there are ways to eke out savings without significantly impacting your day-to-day life.
If saving a significant amount seems daunting, start by saving your change. Physically save coins or use apps that round up your purchases to the nearest dollar and save the difference. Check out my mini savings challenges.
Saving money when it seems there’s barely enough to cover the bills begins with a commitment to take whatever steps are necessary, however small they may initially seem. Every dollar saved is a step towards financial resilience and a buffer against future financial challenges.
Investing can be a powerful tool for building wealth over the long term, and it’s often considered a key component of achieving financial stability. However, for those who are currently struggling to make ends meet, the decision to invest should be approached with caution.
Investing typically involves committing money with the expectation of achieving a future financial return. It has the potential to outpace inflation and increase your wealth due to the power of compound interest. Nevertheless, it often carries the risk of losing the invested capital, a risk that those in financial distress may not be in the position to take.
Feeling Broke without Money – Time to Make A Change
Feeling broke is a stressful and demoralizing experience, but it’s also a clarion call for change. It signals that your financial health needs attention and that your money management strategies may require a significant overhaul.
However, the situation is not without hope; with determination and the right approach, it’s possible to transform your financial landscape.
The journey away from the precipice of being broke begins with honesty, introspection, and a willingness to adapt. It’s about confronting uncomfortable truths, devising a clear plan, and taking decisive action. From crafting and adhering to a precise budget, cutting unnecessary expenses, to seeking additional income streams—all these steps are essential in the path to financial stability.
Remember, feeling broke isn’t a permanent state. Mindset is everything.
It’s a challenge to be met, an opportunity for growth, and a chance to steer the course of your financial ship towards calmer and more abundant waters. Your future self will thank you for the changes you implement today, so take that first step now.
>>>It’s time to make a change—because you deserve the peace of mind that comes with financial security.
Source
Experian. “Experian Study: U.S. Consumer Debt Reaches $16.84 Trillion in Q2 2023.” https://www.experian.com/blogs/ask-experian/research/consumer-debt-study/. Accessed January 25, 2024.
Consumer Financial Protection Bureau. “Emergency Savings and Financial Security.” https://files.consumerfinance.gov/f/documents/cfpb_mem_emergency-savings-financial-security_report_2022-3.pdf. Accessed January 25, 2024.
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Debt consolidation loans work by giving you access to a lump sum of money you use to pay off your unsecured debts, like credit cards, in one fell swoop. You’re then left with only one payment on your new debt consolidation loan.
Debt consolidation loans are a smart way to pay off debt if you can qualify for a lower annual percentage rate compared to the average rate across your existing debts. This lower rate means you’ll save money on interest, and you’ll likely get out of debt faster.
Debt consolidation loans also have fixed rates and terms, so you’ll pay the same amount every month, which makes the payment easier to budget for than revolving debts like credit cards. Plus, you’ll know exactly what day you’ll be debt-free, which can be especially motivating.
Where can I find debt consolidation loans?
You can find debt consolidation loans at banks, credit unions and online lenders.
Banks typically offer the lowest interest rates on debt consolidation loans, but you may need good or excellent credit (a score of 690 or higher) to qualify. If you already have a relationship with a bank, it’s worth asking what their loan options and qualification criteria are before considering other lenders.
Credit unions also offer lower-rate loans and may be more lenient to borrowers with fair or bad credit (a score of 689 or lower). You’ll need to join the credit union before applying for a loan, but the membership process is typically quick and affordable. You can usually fill out the application online, and you may need to make an initial deposit of $5 to $25.
Online loans are available to borrowers across the credit spectrum, and they’re often the most convenient option. Some online lenders can make immediate approval decisions and fund loans the same or next day. Many also let you pre-qualify, which means you can check your potential loan terms without hurting your credit score. Since online loans can have a higher cost of borrowing, it’s best to pre-qualify with multiple lenders to compare rates.
How do I qualify for a debt consolidation loan?
You qualify for a debt consolidation loan based on the information in your application. Lenders typically look at three core factors: credit score, credit history and debt-to-income ratio.
Some lenders may publish minimum credit score or minimum credit history requirements to apply. Most like to see a good credit score and two to three years of credit history that shows responsible repayment behavior.
You’ll also need to list your income. This gives lenders an idea of your debt-to-income ratio, which divides your total monthly debt payments by your gross monthly income, and helps lenders assess your ability to repay a debt consolidation loan.
How does a debt consolidation loan affect my credit score?
A debt consolidation loan should help build your credit score, as long as you use the loan to successfully pay off your debts and you pay back the new loan on time.
You’ll also undergo a hard credit check when you apply, which knocks a few points off your score, but this is temporary. Any missed payments on the loan can hurt your score.
Steps to getting a debt consolidation loan
1. Add up your debts
The first step to getting a debt consolidation loan is knowing how much debt you have. Make a list of unsecured debts you’d like to consolidate, since this is the loan amount you’ll need to apply for.
You can also calculate the average annual percentage rate across your current debts using a debt consolidation calculator. You’ll want to get a debt consolidation loan with a lower rate in order to save money on interest and pay off the debt faster.
2. Pre-qualify if you can
Not all lenders offer pre-qualification, so take advantage of those that do. This typically involves filling out a short application with basic personal information, including your Social Security number. The lender will run a soft credit check, which won’t hurt your credit score, and then display potential loan offers.
If your lender doesn’t offer pre-qualification, it doesn’t hurt to call and see what information they can tell you over the phone about applicant requirements, including minimum credit score.
3. Apply for the loan
Once you’ve pre-qualified or decided on a lender, it’s time to fill out your loan application.
A loan application asks for personal information — think name, birthdate, address and contact details — as well as information about the loan you want, including loan purpose, desired loan amount and repayment term. You may need to show proof of identity, address, employment and income. Once you submit your application, you’ll undergo a hard credit check.
Most applications are available online, but a smaller bank or credit union may ask you to visit a branch.
You can typically expect to hear back from the lender within a few days.
4. Get funded and pay off your debts
Once approved, funding time is typically within a week, though some lenders may offer same- or next-day funding. Lenders can deposit the loan funds in your bank account, but some may offer to send the money directly to your creditors on your behalf, saving you that step.
This is a convenient way to pay off your debts, but make sure to check your accounts to confirm your balances are $0. If the lender doesn’t offer direct payment, use the loan funds to pay off your debts yourself.
5. Pay back your new loan
Once your debts are paid off, you’re left with only your new loan payment. Your first payment is typically due one month after funding and will be due every month until the loan is paid off. Make sure you add this payment to your budget. Missing a loan payment can result in costly late fees and hurt your credit score.
When to avoid debt consolidation loans
Debt consolidation loans aren’t the right choice for everyone, and they can be risky, particularly if you’re someone who struggles to stay out of debt. For example, if you use a debt consolidation loan to pay off your credit cards, but then start using your credit cards again, you’ll have even more debt than you started with. This can hurt your credit score and leave you struggling to repay your loan.
Terms on debt consolidation loans can also be long — sometimes up to seven years, depending on the lender. If you have good or excellent credit, you may want to consider other types of consolidation, like balance transfer cards, which come with 0% promotional periods. This can help you pay off debt faster, since there’s no interest.
If you can’t qualify for a balance transfer card or for a low enough rate on a debt consolidation loan, it may be best to choose a different debt payoff method.
While the economy continues to expand and added 2.7 million jobs in 2023, signs point to a normalization in the labor market as job growth is expected to moderate in 2024. MORE
While mortgage rates have moved sideways since mid-December, housing continues to be impacted by higher mortgage rates with total home sales on track to be the lowest since 2012. MORE
Facing higher borrowing costs, borrowers are paying more discount points to buy down their mortgage rate, but they may not be getting the benefit. MORE
Recent developments
U.S. economy: According to the latest estimate of U.S. economic growth for Q3 2023, the economy grew at a seasonally adjusted annualized rate (SAAR) of 4.9%, slightly slower than the second estimate but still the fastest since Q4 2021— and among the fastest growth in the last 20 years. Consumption spending growth was revised down from a SAAR of 3.6% in the second estimate to 3.1% in the final estimate. This was mainly led by a decline in spending on services but remained the largest contributor to growth at 2.1 percentage points. After nine consecutive quarters of negative growth, residential investment growth came in much stronger than the initial estimates at a SAAR of 6.7%.
The labor market remained much stronger than expected in 2023 and defied expectations of a slowdown. The economy added 216,000 jobs in December, bringing the total jobs added in 2023 to 2.7 million.1 While total jobs added in 2023 was lower than the historical highs of 2021 and 2022, job growth was still remarkable given the high interest rate environment the economy faced. The unemployment rate remained unchanged in December at 3.7% compared to November 2023, but moved up 0.3 percentage points over the year.
While job growth remained significant over the year, some indications of a softer labor market are starting to creep in. The labor force participation rate as well as employment to population ratio decreased 0.3 percentage points over the month to 62.5% and 60.1% respectively. Downward revisions to October and November job growth meant the 3-month average job gain in the fourth quarter of 2023 was the lowest since the third quarter of 2019, if we exclude the 2020 recession. However, the torrid pace of job growth was unlikely to be sustained and employment growth is approaching levels consistent with a balanced labor market. Heading into 2024, we might see a moderation in job growth, which would be more consistent with long-run growth in the U.S. labor force. Job openings edged down slightly to 8.8 million in November 2023, according to the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) Job Openings and Labor Turnover Survey. The ratio of job openings to unemployed, a metric that the Federal Reserve has been tracking to gauge the strength of the labor market, declined from a high of around 1.8 in January 2023 to 1.4 in November.
Inflation continues to trend towards the Federal Reserve’s target rate of 2%. The preferred measure of inflation of the Federal Reserve, the Core Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) measure increased at a rate of 3.2% year over year, the smallest annual increase since May 2021.2 While inflation has been moderating as the labor market normalizes, a reacceleration of home prices along with still high average hourly earnings growth at 4.1% year over year, could mean that getting to the 2% target might take longer than expected.
U.S. housing market: The housing market felt the impact of higher rates in 2023 with total annual home sales on track to be the lowest since 2012. Total (existing and new) home sales reached 4.4 million units in November 2023, down 1.2% as compared to October 2023 and 6.2% below November 2022. Total home sales averaged around 4.8 million from January through November 2023. Existing home sales were at 3.8 million as of November 2023 and averaged 4.1 million through November 2023.3 The existing housing inventory grew 15.3% year to date in November but the level of inventory (1.1 million homes available for sale in November) remains extremely low by historical standards.4 The rate-lock effect, which was the main driver of the lack of existing inventory, continued to push buyers towards the new home market. The number of new homes available for sale increased 2.7% year-to-date and was up 2.5% from the previous month. Overall, the sales of new homes averaged 666,000 in 2023 as compared to 637,000 in 2022.5
Falling interest rates have spurred the confidence of both potential homebuyers as well as the homebuilders. The Housing Market Index, which had decreased since August increased in December 2023. While existing home sales increased in November, pending home sales for November were still weak and saw a 5.2% decrease from the previous year. The FHFA Purchase-Only Home Price Index indicated that as of October of 2023, home prices rose 6.1% year to date, and as more home buyers enter the market amidst the lack of inventory, the pressure on prices could increase further.
U.S. mortgage market: Mortgage rates were on an upward trajectory for most of 2023, reaching 23-year highs in October. However, since the last week of October, rates have been declining mainly on the expectation of rate cuts by the Federal Reserve along with easing inflationary pressures. The average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage, as measured by Freddie Mac’s Primary Mortgage Market Survey® (PMMS®), fell almost one percentage point from the last week in October through mid-December. Despite the decline in recent weeks, mortgage rates are 13 basis points higher than they were at the beginning of the year. Mortgage activity also declined with purchase applications down almost 12% in 2023 and total applications down 7% even as refinance applications increased 15% over the year.6
Tighter financial conditions and higher overall interest rates are starting to impact mortgage delinquency rates. Total mortgage delinquency rates were up 0.25 percentage points from 3.37% in Q2 2023 to 3.62% in Q3 2023 according to the MBA’s National Delinquency Survey. The delinquency rate on conventional mortgages increased from 2.29% to 2.5% in Q3 2023 while the delinquency rate of VA loans was up from 3.7% to 3.76% over the same period. The largest increase was in the delinquency rate of FHA loans which increased 0.55 percentage points from 8.95% in Q2 to 9.5% in Q3. Interestingly, serious delinquency rates (90+ DQs) went down across the board between Q2 and Q3. Foreclosure starts increased from 0.13% in Q2 to 0.19% in Q3 2023 but remain low compared to its historical average.
Outlook
The U.S. economy exhibited tremendous resilience last year on strong consumer spending. We expect economic growth to slow this year as consumer spending starts to fade. Under our baseline scenario, with a slowing economy, the unemployment rate will see a modest uptick, and inflation will continue to moderate.
With inflation remaining above the Federal Reserve’s target rate of 2%, we do not expect the Federal Reserve to start cutting the federal fund rates immediately. However, it will continue to pause on interest rate hikes. We expect rate cuts in the second half of the year if the job market cools off enough to keep inflation muted. Under this scenario, we expect mortgage rates to ease throughout the year while remaining in the 6% range.
Falling rates will breathe some life into the housing market with some recovery in home sales. However, home sales are expected to grow only modestly due to a lack of inventory in the market. The demand for housing, however, will remain high based on a large share of Millennial first-time homebuyers looking to buy homes, which will push home prices up. We forecast home prices to increase 2.8% in 2024 and 2.0% in 2025 nationally.
Under our baseline scenario, we expect increases in both purchase and refinance volumes this year and into 2025. On purchase originations, higher home sales and growth in home prices will drive the dollar volumes of purchase originations up. However, we do not expect purchase origination volumes to reach the levels seen in 2021 and 2022 as lack of inventory will limit home sales. The drop in mortgage rates will push refinance originations up, as buyers who obtained higher interest rates in 2023 will likely refinance into lower rates. However, rates remaining around the 6% range will not provide enough refinance incentives to millions of homeowners who currently have rates below 6%. And therefore, we expect refinance volume to grow only modestly this year. Overall, we forecast total origination volumes to improve this year and into the next.
January 2024 SPOTLIGHT:
Declining affordability led borrowers to pay more discount points to buy down rates, but our research suggests it may not be worth it
Mortgage rates, as measured by Freddie Mac’s PMMS®, increased significantly in 2023 compared to the record lows of the past few years. On October 26, 2023, the average 30-year fixed-rate mortgage stood at 7.79%, a 23-year high. Since then, mortgage rates have moderated, but remain high by recent historical standards. These higher mortgage rates led many borrowers to make the decision to pay points in order to lower the rate when purchasing a house or refinancing an existing mortgage. During the low interest rate environment, few borrowers opted to pay discount points when obtaining a mortgage, but as rates started creeping up in the early 2022, we saw more borrowers paying discount points to lower their rate.
Using Freddie Mac closing data, we examined how often borrowers pay discount points and how many points they pay. For this analysis, the points we are focusing on are for permanent interest rate reductions throughout the life of the loan.7 To that end, we looked at a borrower profile that roughly matches our PMMS® population: mortgage for a home purchase or refinance of a one-unit, single-family owner-occupied property with a fully amortizing 30-year fixed-rate mortgage. We further restricted our sample to borrowers with conforming loans, and with credit scores 740 or above and a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio between 75 and 80 (inclusive).
We found that the share of borrowers who paid discount points increased in 2023 (Exhibit 1). For example, about 58.8% of purchase mortgage borrowers paid discount points in 2023, compared to 31.3% and 53.6% of purchase borrowers in 2021 and 2022 respectively. The share paying discount points was higher for noncash- out and cash-out refinance borrowers, 59.9% and 82.4%, respectively. Also, conditional on paying points, refinance borrowers tended to pay much higher points: 0.99 points for purchase borrowers compared to 1.16 and 1.76 points for non-cash-out and cash-out refinance borrowers, respectively.
It is interesting to note, however, that the interest rate differential between borrowers who pay discount points and those who do not pay discount points is very small. Through November 2023, the average effective rate on purchase loans for borrowers who did not pay discount points was 6.69% versus 6.86% for those who did pay points. This result seems to suggest that paying discount points may not be worth it from the consumers’ point of view. Indeed, some academic research8 has shown that in many circumstances paying discount points can be a poor financial decision. However, while our tabulation shows that borrowers who do not pay points generally receive lower mortgage rates compared to similar borrowers who do pay points, we do not control completely for borrower observed and unobserved attributes. Therefore, we cannot say with certainty that for any particular borrower, the relationship between discount points paid and interest rate is negative.9
Exhibit 2 compares the quarterly average discount points paid by Freddie Mac borrowers (home purchase, owner occupied, one-unit properties). From 2018 through 2021, borrowers that matched the PMMS® profile, (borrowers with origination LTV between 75 and 80 and FICO score 740 or higher) paid about the same average amount of points compared to all purchase borrowers. Starting in 2022 and continuing through 2023, higher credit quality borrowers tended to pay fewer points compared to all borrowers. In 2023, borrowers that matched the PMMS® profile paid on average about 0.06 less points or about 10% less compared to all purchase borrowers.
Prime borrowers who pay discount points on average have higher incomes and are obtaining higher loan balances when purchasing a home compared to borrowers who do not pay points. For example, in 2023 the average loan amount for purchase loans with points paid at origination was $360,000, compared with an average loan amount of $370,000 for mortgages where the borrowers did not pay points. In 2023, the average annual income of a “no discount points” borrower was $148,000, higher than the $140,000 average annual income for borrowers who paid points.
Our analysis on the closing files data shows that there is a difference in borrower behavior across the U.S. when it comes to paying discount points and origination fees. For example, in 2023 over 70% of prime purchase borrowers in HI, NM, WV, OR, WA, and DE paid discount points when closing on their mortgage while less than 50% of borrowers paid discount points in VT, IA, MA, IL, NE, ND, and WI. Exhibit 3 below shows the breakdown by state in 2023.
Our analysis shows that mortgage borrowers in 2023 were more willing to pay discount points than in previous years, and that the likelihood of paying points was greater for lower credit quality borrowers compared to the high-quality mortgage borrowers captured in our PMMS® profile population. We also saw that borrowers in the Midwest were less likely to pay points compared to borrowers in the Pacific and Mountain West. If interest rates stabilize in 2024, it will be interesting to observe whether borrowers opt to pay fewer points, or if the recent uptick in paying discount points is a more permanent shift in the mortgage market.
Footnotes
1 Non-Farm Employment, Bureau of Labor Statistics
2 BEA
3 National Association of Realtors (NAR)
4 From January 1999 through December 2019 the average number of existing homes available for sale averaged 2.2 million, about double the number of homes available for sale in November 2023.
5 U.S. Census Bureau and U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
6 Mortgage Bankers Association (MBA)
7 For an analysis of temporary buydowns see our previous Research Brief: https://www.freddiemac.com/research/insight/20230731-temporary-mortgage-rate-buydown-activity-spiked-in.
8 See for example: Agarwal, S., Ben-David, I. and Yao, V., 2017. Systematic mistakes in the mortgage market and lack of financial sophistication. Journal of Financial Economics, 123(1), pp. 42-58.
9 For a more detailed analysis see: Mota, N., Palim, M. and Woodward, S., 2022. Mortgages are still confusing… and it matters—How borrower attributes and mortgage shopping behavior impact costs. Fannie Mae Working Paper. https://www.fanniemae.com/media/45841/display
Inside: Are you looking to maximize your rewards and credit card hacks? This guide will teach you the most effective methods for using your hacking, signing up for bonus rewards, and making efficient card purchases.
Credit card use extends beyond just making purchases. Savvy credit card users understand that with the right set of hacks and optimal usage, there’s a world of rewards that are ripe for the picking.
Money saved can be money earned, and this simple philosophy forms the cornerstone of these 25 credit card hacks you’ll be learning about today.
Why do credit card hacks matter? Well, I just received a $700 check for credit card rewards. That is enough to pay for a weekend trip away.
What are Credit Card Hacks?
Credit card hacks are creative strategies employed by credit card users to maximize the benefits and rewards offered by their credit cards while also potentially saving more money.
This trend has become more popular in recent years due to the rise in premium travel and cashback cards that offer lucrative ongoing rewards programs. Users who learn about these hacks can save you money on travel or just put cold hard cash back in your wallet.
With strategic approaches, these hacks provide an avenue to optimize rewards and navigate the financial landscape more effectively.
Proven Credit Card Hacks to Maximize Rewards
Tip #1 – Utilize sign-up bonuses
One of the most attractive features of credit cards is the sign-up bonuses they offer, which are essentially rewards that cardholders can earn after meeting a certain spending threshold within a specified timeframe. The bonuses can range from hundreds to even thousands of points, miles, or cash – favorably impacting your rewards balance.
To illustrate, if you take the Chase Sapphire Preferred® credit card, both partners in a household can get up to 50,000 extra points each as part of the sign-up bonus.
Bonus tip: Stagger your applications, so once one person gets the bonus after meeting the spending requirement, the other person can then apply and achieve the next round of bonuses.
Tip #2 – Increase credit limit
The principle behind this is simply buffering your “credit utilization ratio”, which is how much of your total available credit you are utilizing.
To illustrate how a credit limit increase will work, let’s consider an example: with a credit limit of $10,000 and a credit usage of $3,000, your utilization ratio stands at 30%. But once your credit limit increases to $15,000 with the same credit usage, your utilization ratio drops to 20% – which is a noticeable improvement.
Remember, when requesting a credit limit increase, some card issuers might execute a hard inquiry on your credit report, which could temporarily decrease your score. Hence, you should try to find out beforehand whether your issuer is likely to perform a hard or soft credit pull. Soft inquiries won’t affect your credit score, making them the preferable approach.
Tip #3 – Master balance transfers
A balance transfer, executed proficiently, can be an effective way to handle significant credit card debt. By focusing on reducing the cost of debt through lower interest rates, balance transfer can accelerate your debt repayment process while saving you considerable money over time.
This is what one of my clients did and the date when the 0% interest ended was very motivating to pay off their debt.
This process entails the shuffling of debt from one card (usually one with a high interest rate) to another card—preferably with a 0% promotional APR offer. With this interest-free period, you can focus on repaying the principal balance, hence clearing your debt faster.
As a finance expert, make sure balance transfers are only beneficial if you’re mindful of the terms, like how long your 0% rate will last and what fees are involved in the transfer to the new card.
Tip #4 – Purchase prepaid cards with credit
Need a way to spend a certain dollar amount by a certain deadline? Then, look at purchasing prepaid cards with a credit card as a strategy to earn extra rewards points. This method entails buying prepaid cards or gift cards using your credit card, and later using these prepaid cards to cover those expenses you typically will use.
In other cases, customers have reported that their credit card companies have clawed back rewards points that were initially given for gift card purchases. Double check their terms and conditions, many issuers, including American Express, explicitly exclude such transactions from earning rewards. 1
Tip #5 – Harnessing the 15/3 Methodology
The 15/3 Methodology is a credit card hack that intends to optimize your credit utilization ratio—one of the significant factors that impact your credit score.
Here’s how it works: You pay off a majority of your card’s balance 15 days before your statement date, and then pay off the remaining balance three days before the statement date. By doing this, you create the illusion of a lower balance, which can positively impact your credit score.
There is still a debate about whether or not this strategy improves your credit card score. Paying your bill on time will definitely improve your score.
Tip #6 – Strategies to earn additional rewards through third-party programs
An often overlooked but highly effective credit card hack is utilizing third-party apps and websites that offer additional rewards when you shop at participating retailers and restaurants. These rewards are additional to the cash back, miles, or points awarded by your credit card.
One such app is Dosh, a cashback app. By linking your credit card to your Dosh account, you can earn up to 10% cash back from participating retailers on top of the rewards earned from your credit card. Similarly, apps like Drop and Bumped give users points for every dollar spent, and these points can be redeemed for gift cards.
Furthermore, many airlines and hotels participate in dining rewards programs where you’ll earn extra rewards at select restaurants. Airlines like United, Southwest, Delta, and hospitality giant companies like Marriott and Hilton actively participate in such programs.
Tip #7 – Earn a credit card sign-up bonus then canceling the card right away
Also known as credit card flipping or churning, the tactic of earning a credit card sign-up bonus and then canceling the card right away has been employed by some savvy credit card users to maximize rewards.
However, this practice isn’t as easy or beneficial as it appears. While it sounds like an accessible system to generate easy money, it comes with several potential pitfalls that could make it a risky move.
Firstly, numerous card issuers have, over the years, implemented stricter rules to deter this practice. Chase, for instance, has the 5/24 rule indicating you can have only five new credit cards within the last 24 months. 2
Repeatedly opening and closing the same card can result in a declined application or rescinded bonus and hurt your credit score-perceived as credit misbehavior by the issuer.
It can also be viewed as unethical and potentially lead to you being barred from opening accounts with that issuer in the future.
Churning can negatively affect your ability to get approved for future credit cards and loans because lenders may think you’re a risky borrower.”
Tip #8 – Develop a multi-card system
This method aims to cover all your spending by using different cards that offer elevated rewards for certain purchase categories.
For instance, we have one card that pays an unlimited flat rate of 2% on all purchases. Then, another rewards card offering increased category rewards, with travel and gas. Then a there card that rotates through various categories each quarter.
Diversifying your spending amongst several credit cards can help you to earn the maximum possible rewards. However, endowing yourself with several credit cards is not for everyone as it requires careful financial management. In some cases, the potential of overspending can outweigh the benefits.
Tip #9 – Transfer points between multiple cards
Transferring points between cards (provided they are from the same issuer) is another useful strategy whereby you can redeem them at their maximum possible value.
The goal is to make your spending work for you and maximize the rewards you can earn from daily expenses. However, people should employ this strategy responsibly and ensure they’re not overspending just to earn rewards.
In such a strategy, points on traditional cashback cards can be transferred to airline and hotel partners when you also have a transferable points card like the Sapphire Reserve or Sapphire Preferred. So, not only are you earning cashback on your purchases, but you’re also accumulating lucrative points that can be redeemed for travel.
Tip #10 – Don’t use cash
In the world of credit card rewards, cash is no longer king. Whenever feasible, you should consider using your credit cards instead of cash or debit to pay for everyday purchases. This allows you to earn rewards on purchases you’re making anyway.
The best way to implement this is for you to bills with their credit cards instead of cash or debit and set this up on autopay. This serves a dual purpose of potentially earning rewards on these payments whilst also conveying a positive message to the banks about your money management skills, leading to possible credit score improvements.
However, this method works best when your spending doesn’t increase as a result. Only use your credit card for expenses that you’d normally pay in cash and for which you already have the money set aside to pay.
Tip #11: Time your purchasing
Being strategic about when you make your credit card purchases can help you wring out some extra benefits.
One way to optimize your earning potential and maintain a healthy credit score is to plan your large purchases around your credit card’s billing cycle. Making your most significant purchases immediately after your statement date ensures that you have the longest possible repayment period, effectively offering you a short-term, interest-free loan.
Furthermore, if your issuer has a rewards cut-off at the end of a calendar year, you can make larger purchases ahead of time to push yourself into a higher rewards bracket.
Tip #12 – Make Micropayments
Rather than making one full payment, consider making multiple payments over the billing cycle, commonly referred to as ‘micropayments.’ This helps keep your running balance low and, in turn, your credit utilization ratio – the percentage of your available credit limit you’re using – also low, positively impacting your credit score.
Plus it helps to keep your checking account at a more accurate level.
Tip #13: Have your spouse apply for the same credit card
Known informally as the “two-player mode” amongst credit card hacking enthusiasts, having your spouse or partner apply for the same credit card can be an effective strategy to earn double the sign-up bonus. This approach is based on the idea that instead of just adding your spouse or partner as an authorized user to your card, they should apply separately.
For instance, if a card like the Chase Sapphire Preferred® offers a 50,000 points bonus on sign-up, both partners can potentially earn up to 100,000 points collectively, essentially doubling the bonus.
But remember, this hack should be used strategically – you should stagger your card applications and ensure each of you fulfills the spending criteria to qualify for the bonus.
Tip #14 – Importance of prompt payment
Quite possibly the hack with the most significant impact on both your credit score and your pocket, prompt payment of your credit card bill cannot be overstated.
Making on-time payments can drastically improve your credit score since your payment history is the most heavily-weighted factor that credit scoring models consider.
Plus paying your balance in full each month can help you avoid interest charges and penalties, effectively saving you money in the long run.
Tip #15 – Know What Rewards you Want
Rewards such as travel miles, discounts at partnered retailers, cashback, or access to premium experiences like airport lounges or concert tickets are available, depending on your card.
By understanding and leveraging these varied rewards, you can get the most excellent value out of your credit card expenses.
Cautionary Advice on Credit Card Hacks
While credit card hacks can undoubtedly offer substantial benefits when done right, pitfalls can ensue if one isn’t careful.
Pitfall #1 – Overspending
For starters, these hacks can inadvertently lead to overspending or unnecessary purchases. Be wary of making purchases you don’t need or can’t afford in an attempt to earn more rewards or meet the spend necessary for a sign-up bonus.
Consequently, the pursuit of credit card rewards could also lead to accumulated debt if you’re not diligent about paying off your balance in full each month. The interest that you need to pay on balances carried over can easily eat up the value of any rewards earned.
Pitfall #2 – Impact on your Credit Score
Applying for multiple cards can lead to hard inquiries on your credit report, which can temporarily lower your credit score. Similarly, canceling cards after acquiring the sign-up bonus could harm your credit utilization ratio and your length of credit history, both key factors in your credit score calculation.
Additionally, irresponsible habits like ‘credit card churning’ and ‘paying for everything with credit’ may risk your relationship with card issuers. Some companies might close accounts or even ban individuals from opening new ones if they’re perceived as abusing the system.
While some of the top-tier reward and travel credit cards often come with hefty annual fees, not all of them are worth paying. This is especially true when a card’s annual fees outstrip the value of the rewards earned.
Before you sign up for a credit card with an annual fee, it’s advised to read the fine print and estimate what you can earn from it. You should evaluate whether the perks, bonuses, rewards, and credits offered offset the annual fee cost.
Personally, I don’t use any cards that have an annual fee.
Pitfall #4 – Paying interest
Credit card interest can significantly impact your overall financial health if you’re not careful. The money invested toward paying it off could be better used elsewhere – for saving, investing, or spending on your needs and desires. Hence, one of the best “credit card hacks” out there is to simply stop paying interest.
You want to focus on debt free living.
Pitfall #5 – Avoiding counterproductive habits like “balance surfing”
Balance surfing is a strategy where you continually move credit card debt from one card with an ending 0% APR promotion to another card with a new 0% APR offer. While this approach can potentially delay interest payments, it can become a dangerous cycle if you find yourself simply transferring debt instead of reducing it.
Meanwhile, the total debt remains the same. Without a consistent debt repayment strategy, this method can lead to an endless cycle of balance surfing.
What are some of the best credit card rewards and hacks for 2024?
As we venture into the new year, some credit card reward strategies remain timeless while others evolve in response to new credit card offers and updated reward programs. In 2024, here are some of the best credit card hacks worth considering:
Take Advantage of Updated Card Offers: Credit card issuers frequently update their card offers and rewards programs. Ensure you stay updated on these changes to maximize your card benefits.
Focus on Cards with Flexible Reward Categories: Some cards, like the Bank of America® Customized Cash Rewards credit card, allow you to choose your highest cash-back category (like online shopping, dining, or grocery stores). These flexible category cards can be more advantageous as you can adapt them to your spending habits.
Leverage Rotating Categories: Cards like the Chase Freedom Flex℠ and Discover it® Cash Back offer 5% cash back on up to $1,500 in purchases in various categories that rotate each quarter, once you activate. Plan your spending in advance to leverage these rotating categories optimally.
Remain Alert on Loyalty Program Partnerships: Many credit cards and airlines have partnerships with other brands. This can mean increased rewards when shopping with those brands, so always watch for new partnerships or promotions.
Revisiting Annual Fees: If your credit card perks no longer justify its annual fee due to changes in lifestyle or spending habits, consider downgrading to a no-fee card from the same issuer. This way, you can save on annual fees without closing your account which could potentially harm your credit score.
Diversify Your Rewards: While it may be tempting to concentrate all your spending on a single card, diversifying your rewards can make you earn more. Consider employing a multi-card system to maximize rewards across different spending categories.
Your credit card should be a tool to enhance your financial flexibility, not a burden that leads to financial stress.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Deciding whether to focus on paying off a single card or distributing payments over several cards can seem complicated, but there are a couple of methodologies to strategize your payoff.
The Debt Avalanche method suggests focusing on the card with the highest interest rate first. Once you’ve paid this card off in its entirety, you then move on to the card with the next highest interest rate. This can potentially save you more money in the long term as it targets high-interest debt first.
Alternatively, the Debt Snowball method, proposed by financial guru Dave Ramsey, recommends paying off the card with the smallest balance first, then moving on to the card with the second-smallest balance. While you may not save as much money in interest compared to the debt avalanche method, the psychological motivation of paying off a credit card balance entirely may be more important for maintaining consistent repayment.
Either method requires you to make minimum payments promptly on all cards to avoid late fees and possible credit score damage.
Getting credit card points without spending any additional money may seem like wishful thinking, but there are certain strategies that you can employ to achieve this. Strategically managing your credit cards can turn your everyday spending into reward points, miles, or cash back.
Referral Bonuses: Many credit card companies offer referral bonuses to their existing cardholders who refer friends or family members. If the person you referred gets approved for the card, you can earn bonus points.
Cardholder Perks: Credit card companies often run promotions offering bonus points for certain activities. These can range from enrolling in paperless billing, adding authorized users to your account, or completing an online financial education course. Check with your card issuer to view any current promotions.
Shopping Portals: Many credit card issuers, and even airline and hotel rewards programs, have their own online shopping portals where you can earn additional bonus points for every dollar spent. If you were already planning on making an online purchase, consider making it through these portals to earn extra rewards.
Sign-up Bonuses: Some cards offer sizeable sign-up bonuses for new cardholders who meet a required minimum spend within the first few months. Although this technically requires spending money, it doesn’t require spending more money if you use your card for purchases you were already planning to make.
While implementing certain credit card strategies can potentially earn you higher rewards or save money, they can also unintentionally harm your credit score if not executed responsibly.
Several factors can contribute to this potential downfall:
Opening and Closing Accounts: A high frequency of card applications can lead to multiple hard inquiries on your credit report, which might lower your score in the short term. Closing credit cards, especially older ones, can affect both your credit utilization ratio and the age of your credit history, two significant factors in your credit score calculation.
Carrying a Balance: Maintaining a high credit utilization ratio—i.e., carrying a large balance relative to your credit limit—can negatively impact your credit score.
Late Payments: If these deadlines are not strictly adhered to, they could result in late payments, which can seriously harm your credit score.
Excessive Spending: Some tactics lead to unnecessary spending to earn more reward points or meet an initial spend required for a sign-up bonus. Not only can this increase your credit utilization ratio and potentially lower your credit score, it can lead to debt if these balances are not paid off in time.
While both rewards cards and travel rewards cards offer perks to their users in return for spending, the primary difference lies in the kind of rewards they offer and their target user base.
A Rewards Card generally offers cash back, points, or miles for every dollar spent, redeemable in a variety of ways. This is the type of card I prefer. For example, you may redeem your accumulated rewards as cash back into your account, use them to purchase products or services, or exchange them for gift cards. The flexibility of rewards makes these cards are suitable for people with varied spending habits and prefer a variety of redemption options.
A Travel Rewards Card, on the other hand, is designed specifically for frequent travelers. These cards earn you points or miles on specific travel-related expenses, like booking flights or hotel stays. The redeemed rewards are typically used towards further travel-related expenses like airfare, hotel stays, or car rentals. Travel Rewards Cards often offer additional travel-centric perks like free checked bags, priority boarding, airport lounge access, and more.
Consider your spending habits, lifestyle, travel frequency, and preference in terms of reward redemption.
Protecting yourself from credit card fraud is an important aspect of managing your credit card usage effectively.
Monitor Your Accounts Regularly: Keep a thorough watch on your credit card statements for any unauthorized or suspicious charges. Report them to your credit card issuer as soon as possible.
Use Secure Networks: When making online purchases, only shop on secure websites (look for “https” in the web address), and avoid using public Wi-Fi networks for transactions.
Keep Your Personal Information Safe: It’s important to dispose of old credit card statements properly, and avoid giving out credit card information over the phone unless you initiated the call and you trust the recipient.
Protect Your PIN and Password: Don’t share these with anyone, and avoid using easily guessable combinations like birth dates or the last four digits of your social security number.
Enable Account Alerts: Most banks now offer optional security alerts that can be sent via text message or email whenever a charge above a certain amount gets made to your account.
Protect Your Computer and Phone: Make sure your devices are equipped with up-to-date antivirus software and that your phone is locked with a secure password or fingerprint identification.
In case you become a victim of credit card fraud, know the steps to protect yourself – report it to your bank or credit card company immediately, file a report with the Federal Trade Commission, and report it to the three major credit bureaus, requesting them to put a fraud alert or a credit freeze on your account.
Also remember, credit cards don’t have routing numbers.
Making the Most of Credit Card Hacking
When used wisely, credit card hacks and reward strategies can play a significant role in stretching your budget and rewarding your spending. These secrets of savvy credit card use — from aligning your card to your spending habits, making the most of sign-up bonuses and reward categories, to understanding the ins and outs of your credit card’s rewards structure — can help maximize your potential rewards and save money.
Personally, we use all of our credit card rewards to pay for our travel expenses.
However, it’s paramount to remember that these tips and tactics should not encourage unnecessary spending or carrying a balance. Only spend within your means, ensure you pay off your balances each month to avoid interest charges and remember to safeguard your credit score by handling credit card applications and closures cautiously.
Ultimately, credit card hacks and rewards should fit within your overall financial plan and goals, adding value to your everyday spending habits and rewarding you for well-managed financial practices.
Remember your goal is to reach your FI number.
Source
Reddit. “American Express Clawing Back Points Earned From Gift Card Purchases.” https://www.reddit.com/r/AmexPlatinum/comments/14hywaq/american_express_clawing_back_points_earned_from/. Accessed January 19, 2024.
CNN. “What is the Chase 5/24 rule?” https://www.cnn.com/cnn-underscored/money/chase-5-24-rule#:~:text=The%205%2F24%20rule%20is,your%20approval%20odds%20with%20Chase. Accessed January 19, 2024.
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The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
While getting denied on a credit card application doesn’t impact your score, the hard inquiry from applying for credit may temporarily cause your score to drop a few points.
Not getting approved for a credit card can be a bummer, but does getting denied hurt your credit score? Read on to discover how getting denied affects your credit, potential reasons why your application was denied and the next steps to get approved in the future.
Table of contents:
How does applying for a credit card affect your credit?
After you submit a credit card application, the lender will likely perform a credit check to evaluate your credit history. This triggers a hard inquiry, which is a lender’s request to obtain your credit report from the credit bureaus.
Typically, a hard inquiry causes your credit score to drop around five points or so. While hard inquiries remain on your credit report for two years, the effect on your credit score only lasts a few months to a year. Remember that the effect on your credit is the same regardless of whether your application is approved or denied.
While scoring models provide rate shopping windows for auto loans, student loans and mortgages, these windows don’t apply to credit card applications. To lessen the effects of hard inquiries on your credit, try waiting at least six months between submitting credit card applications.
6 reasons why credit card applications are denied
Below are potential reasons why your credit card application was denied and tips to increase your chances of being approved in the future.
1. Insufficient credit history
Insufficient credit history means that there isn’t enough information in your credit file to determine your risk.
When applying for a credit card or loan, lenders look at your credit history to determine your track record as a borrower. A lack of a credit history is essentially a giant question mark for the lender, which prevents them from assessing your risk level.
Credit tip: Consider applying for a secured credit card or becoming an authorized user on someone else’s account to begin building credit.
2. Poor credit score
Many credit cards have credit score requirements for approval. While this varies from card to card, most require a credit score in good range or higher, which starts at 670 according to the FICO® model. The higher your credit score, the more likely lenders are to approve you and offer favorable interest rates and terms.
Credit tip: Take steps to improve your credit score, such as making timely payments, lowering your credit utilization and disputing inaccuracies on your credit report.
3. Late payments
A history of late payments may indicate to lenders that you might struggle to repay the credit they lend you. Not to mention that payment history is the most important factor in determining your credit score, so too many late payments can severely damage your credit.
Credit tip: Enroll in autopay or set reminders to pay your bills on time.
4. Too many hard inquiries
In addition to the effect that hard inquiries have on your credit score, applying for too many credit cards in a brief time frame might signal to creditors that you aren’t financially stable and, therefore, are a high-risk borrower.
Credit tip: While there is no hard and fast rule, consider waiting about every six months between each new credit card application.
5. High debt-to-income ratio
Your debt-to-income ratio is the amount of debt you owe each month divided by your monthly income. Generally, a low debt-to-income ratio indicates to lenders that you have a higher likelihood of being able to make payments.
Credit tip: To maintain a good debt-to-income ratio, aim to keep your total monthly debt payments under 36 to 43 percent of your monthly income.
6. Inaccuracies on your credit report
Having errors or inaccuracies on your credit report can stand in the way of getting approved for credit. To check for errors, download a free copy of your credit report at AnnualCreditReport.com and identify errors such as incorrect accounts, inaccurate balances or errors regarding your personal information.
Credit tip: If you find errors on your credit report, file a dispute with the credit bureau to potentially have the inaccurate information removed.
Steps to take after getting denied for a credit card
If your credit card application is denied, consider taking the following steps to increase your chances of approval:
Determine why your application was denied: Creditors must send you an adverse action notice that details why your application was denied.
Ask the creditor to reconsider: Most banks have a credit card reconsideration line you can call to plead your case. You may have been denied by mistake, so it never hurts to follow up.
Wait to reapply: While your first thought may be to reapply for the card, try waiting six months between submitting credit card applications.
Research alternative cards: Some credit cards are harder to get approved for than others. For example, platinum rewards cards have more stringent requirements than secured cards. Consider the card’s score requirements against your own score before applying.
Seek preapproval: Many creditors send preapproval letters after using soft inquiries to determine that you meet the initial criteria to get approved for the card. While preapprovals don’t guarantee approval, they can help you filter through cards you won’t get approved for without getting a hard inquiry on your credit report.
Monitor your credit: As you work to improve your credit, continue to check your credit score and report so you can determine when you have a better chance at approval.
At Lexington Law Firm, our team could help you manage and work to improve your credit to potentially get approved for credit cards and loans. To determine your current credit status, get your free credit assessment today.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Sarah Raja
Associate Attorney
Sarah Raja was born and raised in Phoenix, Arizona.
In 2010 she earned a bachelor’s degree in Psychology from Arizona State University. Sarah then clerked at personal injury firm while she studied for the Law School Admissions Test. In 2016, Sarah graduated from Arizona Summit Law School with a Juris Doctor degree. While in law school Sarah had a passion for mediation and participated in the school’s mediation clinic and mediated cases for the Phoenix Justice Courts. Prior to joining Lexington Law Firm, Sarah practiced in the areas of real property law, HOA law, family law, and disability law in the State of Arizona. In 2020, Sarah opened her own mediation firm with her business partner, where they specialize in assisting couples through divorce in a communicative and civilized manner. In her spare time, Sarah enjoys spending time with family and friends, practicing yoga, and traveling.
Mortgage rates moved in different directions this week, according to data compiled by Bankrate. See the table below for a breakdown of how each loan type moved.
Mortgage rates could gradually come down this year, according to Greg McBride, CFA, Bankrate chief financial analyst. As the Federal Reserve held off on hikes at the end of 2023, the average 30-year mortgage rate dove to under 7 percent. The central bank now expects to cut rates in 2024 — a direction that would affect many areas of the economy, including on the 10-year Treasury, the main driver of fixed mortgage rates.
“The 10-year Treasury yield that serves as a baseline for fixed mortgage rates will have a bouncy journey lower, moving back above 4 percent early in 2024 but trending lower as inflation cools and the Fed gets closer to cutting rates,” says McBride. “For mortgage rates, that portends a general downtrend — albeit with fits and starts — in 2024.”
Rates last updated January 11, 2024.
These rates are marketplace averages based on the assumptions indicated here. Actual rates displayed across the site may vary. This story has been reviewed by Suzanne De Vita. All rate data accurate as of Thursday, January 11th, 2024 at 7:30 a.m.
Today’s 30-year mortgage rate flat for the week
Today’s average rate for the benchmark 30-year fixed mortgage is 7.06 percent, unchanged from a week ago. A month ago, the average rate on a 30-year fixed mortgage was higher, at 7.21 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay a combined $669.34 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow.
There are many benefits to choosing a fixed-rate mortgage when buying new house, including predictable mortgage payments.
Learn more: What is a fixed-rate mortgage and how does it work?
15-year mortgage rate moves up, +0.01%
The average 15-year fixed-mortgage rate is 6.43 percent, up 1 basis point over the last week.
Monthly payments on a 15-year fixed mortgage at that rate will cost approximately $867 per $100,000 borrowed. That’s clearly much higher than the monthly payment would be on a 30-year mortgage at that rate, but it comes with some big advantages: You’ll come out several thousand dollars ahead over the life of the loan in total interest paid and build equity much more quickly.
5/1 adjustable rate mortgage advances, +0.01%
The average rate on a 5/1 adjustable rate mortgage is 6.41 percent, ticking up 1 basis point since the same time last week.
Adjustable-rate mortgages, or ARMs, are mortgage loans that come with a floating interest rate. To put it another way, the interest rate will change at regular intervals, unlike fixed-rate mortgages. These loan types are best for those who expect to refinance or sell before the first or second adjustment. Rates could be considerably higher when the loan first adjusts, and thereafter.
While borrowers shunned ARMs during the pandemic days of super-low rates, this type of loan has made a comeback as mortgage rates have risen.
Monthly payments on a 5/1 ARM at 6.41 percent would cost about $626 for each $100,000 borrowed over the initial five years, but could climb hundreds of dollars higher afterward, depending on the loan’s terms.
Jumbo mortgage interest rate falls, -0.03%
The current average rate you’ll pay for jumbo mortgages is 7.10 percent, a decrease of 3 basis points over the last week. This time a month ago, the average rate for jumbo mortgages was above that, at 7.25 percent.
At today’s average jumbo rate, you’ll pay $672.03 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That represents a decline of $2.03 over what it would have been last week.
The average 30-year fixed-refinance rate is 7.25 percent, up 4 basis points since the same time last week. A month ago, the average rate on a 30-year fixed refinance was higher, at 7.30 percent.
At the current average rate, you’ll pay $682.18 per month in principal and interest for every $100,000 you borrow. That’s $2.71 higher compared with last week.
Where are mortgage rates going?
At its most recent meeting in December, the Federal Reserve signaled it was done raising interest rates and would begin cuts in 2024. In response, mortgage rates dropped to under 7 percent, and remain there as of early January.
This dynamic could hold throughout the year, says McBride.
“Mortgage rates will spend the bulk of the year in the 6s, with movement below 6 percent confined to the back half of the year,” says McBride.
The rates on 30-year mortgages mostly follow the 10-year treasury, which shifts continuously as economic conditions dictate, while the cost of variable-rate home loans mirror the Fed’s moves. These broader factors influence overall rate movement. Your rate might be higher or lower than what trends show, depending on your credit score and other factors.
What these rates mean for your mortgage
While mortgage rates are notoriously volatile, there is some consensus that we won’t see rates back at 3 percent. If you’re shopping for a mortgage now, it might be wise to lock your rate when you find an affordable loan. If your house-hunt is taking longer than anticipated, revisit your budget so you’ll know exactly how much house you can afford at prevailing market rates.
Keep in mind: You could save thousands over the life of your mortgage by getting at least three loan offers, according to Freddie Mac research. You don’t have to stick with your bank or credit union, either. There are many types of mortgage lenders, including online-only and local, smaller shops.
“All too often, some [homebuyers] take the path of least resistance when seeking a mortgage, in part because the process of buying a home can be stressful, complicated and time-consuming,” says Mark Hamrick, senior economic analyst for Bankrate. “But when we’re talking about the potential of saving a lot of money, seeking the best deal on a mortgage has an excellent return on investment. Why leave that money on the table when all it takes is a bit more effort to shop around for the best rate, or lowest cost, on a mortgage?”
More on current mortgage rates
Methodology
Bankrate displays two sets of rate averages that are produced from two surveys we conduct: one daily (“overnight averages”) and the other weekly (“Bankrate Monitor averages”).
The rates on this page represent our overnight averages. For these averages, APRs and rates are based on no existing relationship or automatic payments.
Learn more about Bankrate’s rate averages, editorial guidelines and how we make money.
A college degree can be a major rite of passage and career stepping stone for millions of Americans. Putting one’s education to work can unlock professional rewards and a solid financial future.
However, there’s no denying that the cost of tuition can be daunting. The student loan debt balance has surged 66% over the past decade and, according to the Federal Reserve, currently totals more than $1.77 trillion (that’s trillion, not billion).
Having those payments unfurling before you can be stressful and frustrating, and the effects of student loan debt can be far-reaching. It can seem as if some of your personal, professional, and financial goals will have to wait until you can pay off what you owe. But there are ways to manage those loans and navigate this situation. After all, student debt is what you are going through, not who you are.
Here, you’ll learn more about student loan debt, how it can impact borrowers’ life decisions, and ways to minimize those effects and manage debt more effectively.
Student Loan Debt Statistics
To understand how impactful student loan debt can be, here’s some perspective. Consumer debt in the United States is measured by the Federal Reserve in five distinct categories — home, auto, credit card, student, and other debt.
Using the Federal Reserve Bank of New York data from 2023, here’s how household debt stacks up in the U.S.:
• Mortgage debt (excluding HELOCs, or home equity lines of credit): $12.14 trillion
• Student loan debt: $1.599 trillion
• Auto loan debt: $1.595 trillion
• Credit card debt: $1.079 trillion
Here’s how educational debt stacks up more specifically: In 2023, the average student loan borrower carried $37,338 in federal debt and $54,921 in private debt. 💡 Quick Tip: Enjoy no hidden fees and special member benefits when you refinance student loans with SoFi.
Impact of Student Loan Debt on Life Plans
Given the cost of student loan debt, some borrowers may delay big life decisions, such as buying a home or starting a family until they are further along in their loan repayment or have their debt totally paid off. Here are some specifics about the potential negative effects of student loan debt. Then, more happily, you’ll find tips on managing what you owe.
Homebuying
One landmark study in the Journal of Labor Economics found that a $1,000 increase in student loan debt lowered the rate of homeownership by approximately 1.8% for people in their mid-twenties who went to a public college for four years. This is equivalent to a delay of about four months in achieving homeownership per $1,000 in debt.
Indeed, as student debt has increased, homeownership among younger Americans has decreased. Experts, however, caution that this is a complex situation and not a matter of student debt meaning you can’t buy a house.
It’s true that student loans can raise a person’s debt-to-income ratio (DTI), a critical measure of creditworthiness. And it can slow an individual’s ability to save for a down payment.
That said, there are ways to get a mortgage with a student loan. By managing debt responsibly and building your credit score, you can achieve this goal. It’s also wise to look into the various mortgages available with as little as 3% down or even 0% for qualifying candidates.
Pursuing Graduate School
If you have undergraduate student loan debt, you may decide to delay or forgo enrolling in a graduate or professional degree program. Graduate school can often mean even more debt. According to the Education Data Initiative, the average graduate student loan debt is $76,620 among federal borrowers, with only 14.3% of that coming from the borrower’s undergraduate studies.
That said, an advanced degree can mean increased job opportunities. For example, the starting salary for those who majored in computer and information sciences of a recent graduating class was $86,964 with a bachelor’s degree and $105,894 with a master’s degree. And if you want to go to medical school, law school, or business school (which can lead to fulfilling and lucrative careers), you will need significant additional training. So it’s important to determine if taking out the debt is worthwhile vs. your anticipated earning potential.
Employment and Career Choices
What you’ve just read indicates some of the ways that student loan debt can impact your career plans. There are a couple of other ways that your loan balance might impact your career:
• If you have significant debt and are faced with the choice between your dream job at a lower salary and a basic job at a higher pay grade, you might opt for the one that fattens your bank account even though it doesn’t thrill you.
• Also, some companies (particularly those in the financial industry) may check your credit score as part of your job application. Student loans could build your score if you pay on time, and they could broaden your credit mix. But loans also create the opportunity to make a late payment or miss one entirely. Those are aspects of your payment history, the single largest contributor to your score. If you don’t stick to your schedule and pay what you owe every month, you could wind up with a lower score.
Marriage and Divorce
Student loans can also impact one’s personal relationships. According to a 2023 Student Loan Planner® survey, one in four borrowers said they delayed their marriage plans due to student debt. In addition, more than half of respondents (57%) said their student loans were a source of considerable stress in their marriage or relationship.
Marriage can impact your student loan payments, depending on the types of loans you have and the repayment plan you are on. If you are on an income-based repayment plan, your monthly bill might change based on how much you and your spouse earn and how you file your taxes.
Marriages and money can create complex situations that are hard to fully decode. When looking at the impact of student loan debt on divorce, it can be tricky to unravel the interplay of factors. One survey conducted a few years ago found that 13% of respondents attribute student loan debt as a cause of their divorce. Yet some couples with student loan debt were more likely to delay divorce due to their student loans and how it might impact their ability to repay their debt. So in matters of the heart and the wallet, there isn’t a clear consensus.
Recommended: How Marriage Can Affect Your Student Loan Payments
Starting a Family
According to the USDA and other government statistics, it can cost more than $330,000 to raise a child to age 18. That’s no small amount, and it’s a daunting figure for many. Those carrying a hefty amount of student debt may delay parenthood as they pay off their loans.
One landmark New York Times survey in 2018 found that among people who didn’t plan to have children at all, 13% said it was as a result of student debt. In a more recent study of those with high student debt, 35% said they were waiting to have kids due to the impact of their loans on their finances. Still others may respond to this scenario by adopting strategies to pay off student loans faster.
Saving for Retirement
One of the negative effects of debt on young adults is that their retirement savings can be impacted. A recent study conducted by Fidelity found that 84% of borrowers felt that their loans impacted their ability to save for their retirement.
A study from a few years ago bore this out: Research by the Center for Retirement Research at Boston College found that Millennials who had never borrowed student loans saved twice as much for retirement by age 30 as college graduates who have student debt.
Here’s another bit of intel that supports the fact that student debt can make it harder to save for your future. Fidelity also found that the percentage of student loan borrowers who put at least 5% of their salary into their retirement plan rose from 63% to 72% during the Covid-19 loan payment pause.
Delaying retirement savings can mean playing catch up in your later years. Typically, the earlier you start saving for retirement, the more time your money will have to benefit from compound interest.
It can seem overwhelming to start saving for retirement while you’re still paying off student loan debt, but doing both at the same time can help you meet your financial goals in the future. 💡 Quick Tip: Refinancing could be a great choice for working graduates who have higher-interest graduate PLUS loans, Direct Unsubsidized Loans, and/or private loans.
How to Manage Your Student Loans
As you’ve just read, student loans can impact many areas of your life. But you are not alone in this situation, and your loans will not be with you forever. Focus on smart solutions to help you manage your debt repayment. Consider the following strategies.
Keep Paying
Even when money is tight, it’s wise to pay on time, as much as possible. Timely payments are the single biggest contributing factor to your credit score, an important financial metric. So do your best to keep current on those monthly installments.
Make a Budget
It’s hard to effectively manage your student debt and your finances in general if you don’t know how much money you have coming in and going out. If you don’t yet have a budget or yours isn’t working well for you, commit to reviewing different budgeting methods and finding one that works.
This process of tracking your money and possibly trimming your spending could reveal ways to free up more funds to pay off your debt.
Repayment Plans
There are federal student loan repayment plans that base your monthly payment on your income or ones that give you a fixed monthly payment. Those that are based on your income may help you lower your monthly payment.
It can be worthwhile to consider your options. For fixed payments, you may have a choice between standard, graduated, and extended plans. If you focus on income-driven repayment (IDR) plans, you will likely review the SAVE Plan (which replaces REPAYE), PAYE, IBR (income-based repayment), and ICR (income-contingent repayment) plans. With IDR plans, once you satisfy a certain number of months of qualifying payments, you can be eligible for forgiveness on the remaining balance of your loan(s).
Deferment and Forbearance
If you are finding it challenging to pay your federal student loans, you may be able to take advantage of deferment or forbearance, which are both ways of pausing or lowering your payments for a specific period of time. Perhaps you haven’t yet found a job after graduation or have another situation that is impacting your ability to pay; these programs can help qualifying borrowers out.
The main difference between is that during deferment, borrowers are not required to pay the interest that accrues if they have a qualifying loan. With forbearance, however, borrowers are always responsible for paying the interest that accrues, no matter what kind of federal loans they have.
Forgiveness
Here’s another path to lessening the impact of student loans on your life: forgiveness, which means you may not have to pay back some or all of your federal student loans. For these programs, there are a variety of qualifying factors, such as whether you’re a teacher, government employee, or worker at a nonprofit. Other factors could be that you have a disability, your school closed, or you declared bankruptcy, among others. It’s worthwhile to research your eligibility because the upside could be significant.
Recommended: A Look at the Public Service Loan Forgiveness Program
Refinancing
Another possible way to reduce the impact of student debt on your life is student loan refinancing.
When you refinance your loans you take out a new loan with a private lender. Depending on your credit history and financial profile, you can qualify for a lower interest rate, which could substantially lower the amount of money you pay in interest over the life of the loan (depending on the term you select, of course). Two important notes about this:
• When you refinance federal loans with a private loan, you forfeit federal protections and benefits (such as the forbearance and forgiveness options mentioned above).
• If you refinance for an extended term, even though your monthly payment may be lower, you may pay more in interest over the life of the loan.
To see how refinancing could help you manage your student loans, take a look at an online student loan refinance calculator.
The Takeaway
Looking to lower your monthly student loan payment? Refinancing may be one way to do it — by extending your loan term, getting a lower interest rate than what you currently have, or both. (Please note that refinancing federal loans makes them ineligible for federal forgiveness and protections. Also, lengthening your loan term may mean paying more in interest over the life of the loan.) SoFi student loan refinancing offers flexible terms that fit your budget.
With SoFi, refinancing is fast, easy, and all online. We offer competitive fixed and variable rates.
SoFi Student Loan Refinance If you are a federal student loan borrower, you should consider all of your repayment opportunities including the opportunity to refinance your student loan debt at a lower APR or to extend your term to achieve a lower monthly payment. Please note that once you refinance federal student loans you will no longer be eligible for current or future flexible payment options available to federal loan borrowers, including but not limited to income-based repayment plans or extended repayment plans.
SoFi Loan Products SoFi loans are originated by SoFi Bank, N.A., NMLS #696891 (Member FDIC). For additional product-specific legal and licensing information, see SoFi.com/legal. Equal Housing Lender.
Non affiliation: SoFi isn’t affiliated with any of the companies highlighted in this article.
Financial Tips & Strategies: The tips provided on this website are of a general nature and do not take into account your specific objectives, financial situation, and needs. You should always consider their appropriateness given your own circumstances.
Third-Party Brand Mentions: No brands, products, or companies mentioned are affiliated with SoFi, nor do they endorse or sponsor this article. Third-party trademarks referenced herein are property of their respective owners.
The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
A credit limit is the maximum amount of money a person can currently borrow from a financial institution.
Credit cards and lines of credit let us borrow funds from banks, credit unions and various companies. Credit limits determine just how much money we can borrow without incurring penalties like overdraft fees. Americans tend to gradually increase their credit limits as they age; Experian® reported that the average credit card limit for Generation Z in 2022 was $11,290, while the average credit limit for Baby Boomers was $40,318 that same year.
“What is a credit limit?” may be such a common question because multiple factors can influence a person’s limit. We’ll explore this question and discuss how to increase your credit limit.
Key takeaways:
Financial institutions largely set credit limits based on a borrower’s credit history.
Credit utilization is based on your credit limit and your available credit.
Regularly practicing good credit habits can increase your limit
Table of contents:
How are credit card limits determined?
Your credit limit is determined by the institution you borrow money from, whether they’re a bank, a credit union or a government agency. Credit limits take several factors into account, including your income and credit score. People with higher credit scores and income are normally approved for higher credit limits because lenders view them as financially responsible people.
Annual revenue
When a borrower applies for credit or asks for a credit limit increase, lenders look at annual revenue. From their perspective, a borrower with more income is more likely to make their payments on time—and vice versa.
Credit score
Credit scores help us qualify for auto loans, mortgage interest rates and credit cards—plus the limits we’ll receive when approved. If you have good credit, then you’ll likely be eligible for high-limit credit cards from the get-go.
Debt-to-income ratio
Lenders can use your debt-to-income ratio to set your credit limit by weighing your monthly debt payments against your total income. A low debt-to-income ratio can prompt lenders to offer higher credit limits since your spending habits show you regularly make responsible financial choices.
Employment status
Your employment status can also affect your credit limit largely due to timing. If you apply for a credit card or ask for a limit increase while you’re seeking a job, you’ll most likely receive a lower limit than you would as a full-time employee.
Credit limit vs. available credit
A person’s credit limit and their available credit are heavily tied together, which can cause people to confuse these two terms. To clarify, your available credit refers to the amount of money you can still borrow after calculating your debt. On the other hand, your credit limit refers to the total amount of money that your lender lets you borrow.
For example, if you have a $10,000 credit limit and spend $5,000, you’ll still have another $5,000 in available credit that you can access during this billing cycle. Your credit utilization ratio is calculated by weighing your available credit against your total credit limit. In this case, your credit utilization would be 50 percent.
How does your credit limit affect your credit score?
Whenever you ask a lender to increase your credit limit, they’ll perform a hard inquiry to review your credit history and help inform their decision. Inquiries briefly cause your score to dip, which is why conventional wisdom recommends not attempting to increase your credit limit right before applying for something vital—like a home or a new car.
Credit limits can also affect your score if you consistently have a high utilization ratio. Credit cards with high limits typically help borrowers maintain lower utilization ratios, which is beneficial for credit health.
What happens if you go over your credit limit?
Exceeding your credit limit can have negative consequences, especially if you do so repeatedly. Some of the drawbacks you might encounter include:
Account review: A lender may review your longtime credit habits, which could potentially lead to a credit limit reduction.
Credit score changes: Credit utilization makes up 30 percent of your FICO® credit score. Repeatedly going over your credit limit could significantly hurt your credit.
Increased interest rates: Depending on your lender’s policies, they may issue a penalty APR on the offending account, which can be much higher than your standard rate.
Overdraft fees: Most lenders will charge a $35 overdraft (or over-the-limit fee) after a specified time period if you don’t pay off your balance.
How to increase your credit limit
If you consistently make your monthly payments on time and keep your utilization low, the credit card issuer may approve your request to increase your limit. But remember to allow six to 12 months before asking. Your issuer probably won’t raise your limit after just one or two months of opening the account or if you’ve been making late payments.
Some credit card issuers will actively increase your limit after they review your account history. Sometimes, they’ll ask you to update your income. If you’ve earned a raise recently, you can provide that information, and the lender may increase your limit. When an issuer reviews your account like this, it does not cause a hard inquiry because you didn’t ask for them to review the account.
Work on your credit with Lexington Law Firm
Credit cards are fantastic resources that can positively impact your life when used responsibly. Even if you get approved for a high credit limit, it’s best to monitor your spending and borrowing habits. Lexington Law Firm offers great services like credit education tools and credit report analysis that may help you with your credit.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Brittany Sifontes
Attorney
Prior to joining Lexington, Brittany practiced a mix of criminal law and family law.
Brittany began her legal career at the Maricopa County Public Defender’s Office, and then moved into private practice. Brittany represented clients with charges ranging from drug sales, to sexual related offenses, to homicides. Brittany appeared in several hundred criminal court hearings, including felony and misdemeanor trials, evidentiary hearings, and pretrial hearings. In addition to criminal cases, Brittany also represented persons and families in a variety of family court matters including dissolution of marriage, legal separation, child support, paternity, parenting time, legal decision-making (formerly “custody”), spousal maintenance, modifications and enforcement of existing orders, relocation, and orders of protection. As a result, Brittany has extensive courtroom experience. Brittany attended the University of Colorado at Boulder for her undergraduate degree and attended Arizona Summit Law School for her law degree. At Arizona Summit Law school, Brittany graduated Summa Cum Laude and ranked 11th in her graduating class.
The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice. See Lexington Law’s editorial disclosure for more information.
VantageScore® 3.0 is a credit scoring model that each of the three major credit bureaus uses to determine your creditworthiness.
VantageScore 3.0 is a popular credit scoring model that helps to reflect a person’s creditworthiness. VantageScore® and the FICO® score model help banks and lenders determine if they’ll offer credit cards and loans to applicants.
Understanding the factors that lower and raise your VantageScore can qualify you for better opportunities in the future. We’ll explain what VantageScore 3.0 is and how it works so you can work to improve your credit.
Table of contents:
How does VantageScore 3.0 compare to other scoring models?
VantageScore 3.0 shares multiple similarities with other popular scoring models, including VantageScore 4.0 and several iterations of the FICO scoring model. There are also certain nuances that set each model apart when comparing VantageScore vs. FICO scoring models.
VantageScore 3.0 and VantageScore 4.0 place a heavy emphasis on a person’s payment history, and they place moderate emphasis on age and mix of credit and credit utilization rates. VantageScore 3.0 does focus more on a person’s total account balances, while VantageScore 4.0 is more concerned with new credit.
FICO scores differ from VantageScore in several ways. FICO scores need six months of account activity to generate credit scores, while VantageScores just need one. Vantage Scores generally take six categories into account, while FICO scores focus on 5. Otherwise, VantageScores and FICO scores both use 300 to 850 credit ranges—and the factors they use to calculate credit scores are generally similar.
How are Vantage credit scores calculated?
If you’ve ever asked yourself, “why are my credit scores different?” learning how a VantageScore is calculated may provide clarity.
Payment history makes up roughly 40 percent of your VantageScore and can significantly increase or decrease your score based on how timely you are with your payments.
The age of your credit and how diverse your credit profile is make up about 21 percent of your VantageScore. If you have a wide range of account types and consistently make positive actions with your oldest accounts, your VantageScore will likely steadily improve.
Credit utilization composes 20 percent of your VantageScore. Your credit utilization ratio is determined by weighing how much of your available credit you’re currently using.
Your brand-new credit accounts only make up five percent of your VantageScore.
The total amount of your account balances contributes roughly 11 percent to your VantageScore. This factor is also linked to your credit utilization ratio.
Available credit makes up about three percent of your VantageScore and generally reflects how much credit you’ve taken out.
The answer to “When do credit scores update?” is a bit complex. Credit scores are frequently updated, but there’s no preset date for these updates. It’s best to regularly check your credit scores and dispute any errors that you notice.
Vantage 3.0 credit ranges
Just like a FICO credit score, VantageScores can fall between 300 and 850. However, there are subtle differences between the credit score ranges of both models. For example, a FICO credit score of 780 would be considered “very good,” while a Vantage 3.0 credit score of 780 is simply considered “good.” Here’s a full breakdown of the VantageScore 3.0 credit score ranges.
Very poor: 300 – 600
Poor: 601 – 660
Fair: 661 – 720
Good: 721 – 780
Excellent: 781 – 850
5 ways to improve your VantageScore 3.0
Consistently practicing good financial habits can improve your VantageScore over time. The following tips can help you work on poor credit and eventually reach and maintain higher scores.
1. Don’t apply for too much new credit
Each time you apply for credit, creditors will enact a hard inquiry on your account that temporarily lowers your score. If you apply for too much new credit within a set period, your credit score may sharply decline.
2. Pay down credit card balances
Account balances compose 11 percent of your VantageScore, so paying down your debt can positively impact your credit. Lowering your account balances will also improve your credit utilization ratio, especially if you target your largest balances first.
3. Try to make your payments on time
Since payment history makes up 40 percent of your VantageScore, this step’s importance can’t be understated. Strive to make all of your payments on time. Even if you can only make the minimum payment or have to pay within the grace period, you’ll still maintain good standing with your creditors.
4. Maintain your oldest accounts
Taking positive actions on your oldest accounts will have a greater impact than activity on your newer accounts. Remember that merging your oldest accounts can drastically lower your score if you ever consider using a debt consolidation service.
5. Sign up for a credit monitoring service
A credit monitoring service can maintain watch on your credit reports and clue you into any fluctuations or inconsistencies. Lexington Law Firm offers comprehensive credit monitoring services that can help you take positive steps toward improving your credit.
How can I monitor my VantageScore?
You can monitor your VantageScore by reaching out to the three credit bureaus and requesting a free credit report. You can also capitalize on credit monitoring services like the products offered by Lexington Law Firm. Get your free credit assessment today.
Note: Articles have only been reviewed by the indicated attorney, not written by them. The information provided on this website does not, and is not intended to, act as legal, financial or credit advice; instead, it is for general informational purposes only. Use of, and access to, this website or any of the links or resources contained within the site do not create an attorney-client or fiduciary relationship between the reader, user, or browser and website owner, authors, reviewers, contributors, contributing firms, or their respective agents or employers.
Reviewed By
Paola Bergauer
Associate Attorney
Paola Bergauer was born in San Jose, California then moved with her family to Hawaii and later Arizona.
In 2012 she earned a Bachelor’s degree in both Psychology and Political Science. In 2014 she graduated from Arizona Summit Law School earning her Juris Doctor. During law school, she had the opportunity to participate in externships where she was able to assist in the representation of clients who were pleading asylum in front of Immigration Court. Paola was also a senior staff editor in her law school’s Law Review. Prior to joining Lexington Law, Paola has worked in Immigration, Criminal Defense, and Personal Injury. Paola is licensed to practice in Arizona and is an Associate Attorney in the Phoenix office.