David Papazian/ Getty Images; Illustration by Austin Courregé/Bankrate
Key takeaways
A mortgage is a long-term loan from a financial institution that helps you purchase a home, with the home itself serving as collateral.
Mortgage payments typically consist of principal (the amount borrowed), interest, property taxes and homeowners insurance. They can also include mortgage insurance.
There are several types of mortgages, including conforming conventional loans, jumbo loans, FHA and VA loans.
When comparing mortgage offers, it’s important to consider the loan type, loan term, interest rate and the total associated fees.
Taking out a mortgage is the biggest financial obligation most of us will ever assume. So it’s essential to understand what you’re signing on for when you borrow money to buy or build a house.
What is a mortgage, exactly? We’ll define it and explain other mortgage-related terms so you can feel confident before applying for a home loan.
What is a mortgage?
A mortgage is a long-term loan used to buy a house. Mortgages are offered with a variety of terms — the length of time to repay the loan — but they usually range between eight and 30 years. You repay your mortgage in monthly installments, which typically include both interest and principal payments (although interest-only mortgages also exist), as well as escrow payments to cover property taxes and homeowners insurance.
How does a mortgage work?
When you get a mortgage, you have a set loan term to repay the debt as well as a total loan amount to repay. The majority of your monthly payment consists of interest and principal, also known as your loan balance.
“Each month, part of your monthly mortgage payment will go toward paying off that principal, or mortgage balance, and part will go toward interest on the loan,” explains Robert Kirkland, a mortgage industry pro-turned-financial advisor with Preal Haley & Associates in Greenbelt, Maryland. As the loan is paid off, a larger portion of the payment will go towards principal.
Most mortgages are fully amortized, meaning they’re repaid in installments — regular, equal (usually) payments on a set schedule, with the last payment paying off the loan at the end of the term. The exception to this is the uncommon balloon mortgage, where you pay a lump-sum at the end of the loan term.
Mortgages are also secured loans, meaning that they are backed by collateral — in this case, your home. If you default on your mortgage — fail to make payments — your home can enter into foreclosure and your lender can reclaim it.
While you may feel a home is yours, “you don’t technically own the property until your mortgage loan is fully paid,” says Bill Packer, COO of Longbridge Financial in Paramus, New Jersey. “Typically, you will also sign a promissory note at closing, which is your personal pledge to repay the loan.”
Types of mortgages
There are several types of mortgages available to borrowers.
Conventional loans – A conventional mortgage is not backed by the government or government agency; instead, it is made and guaranteed through a private-sector lender (bank, credit union, mortgage company).
Jumbo loans – A jumbo loan exceeds the size limits set by U.S. government agencies and has stricter underwriting guidelines. These loans are sometimes needed for high-priced properties — those well above half a million dollars.
Government-insured loans – These include VA loans, USDA loans, and FHA loans, and have more relaxed borrower qualifications than many privately-backed mortgages.
Fixed-rate mortgages – Fixed-rate mortgages have a set interest rate that remains the same for the life of the loan (terms are commonly 30, 20, or 15 years).
Adjustable-rate mortgages – An adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM) has interest rates that fluctuate, following general interest-rate movements and financial market conditions. Often there’s an initial fixed-rate period for the loan’s first few years, and then the variable rate kicks in for the remainder of the loan term. For example, “in a 5/1 ARM, the ‘5’ stands for an initial five-year period during which the interest rate remains fixed while the ‘1’ indicates that the interest rate is subject to adjustment once per year” thereafter,” Kirkland notes.
Conventional fixed-rate mortgages are by far the most common type of home loan.
What is included in a mortgage payment?
There are four core components of a mortgage payment: the principal, interest, taxes, and insurance, collectively referred to as “PITI.” There can be other costs included in the payment, as well.
Principal – The specific amount of money you borrow from a mortgage lender to purchase a home. If you were to buy a $400,000 home, for instance, and take out a loan in the amount of $350,000 then your loan principal is $350,000.
Interest – Interest is what the lender charges you to borrow that money; it’s the “cost” of the loan. Expressed as a percentage, the interest is based on the loan principal.
Property taxes – Your lender typically collects the property taxes associated with the home as part of your monthly mortgage payment. The money is usually held in an escrow account, which the lender will use to pay your property tax bill when the taxes are due.
Homeowners insurance – Homeowners insurance provides you and your lender a level of protection in the event of a disaster, fire or other accident that impacts your property. Often, your lender collects the insurance premiums as part of your monthly mortgage bill, places the money in escrow, and makes the payments to the insurance provider for you when the premiums are due.
Mortgage insurance – Your monthly payment might also include a fee for private mortgage insurance (PMI). For a conventional loan, this type of insurance is required when a buyer makes a down payment of less than 20 percent of the home’s purchase price.
You don’t technically own the property until your mortgage loan is fully paid.
— Bill Packer, COO at Longbridge Financial
How to compare mortgage offers
To find the mortgage that fits you best, assess your financial health, including your income, credit history and score, and assets and savings. Spend some time shopping around with different mortgage lenders, as well.
“Some have more stringent guidelines than others,” Kirkland says. “Some lenders might require a 20 percent down payment, while others require as little as 3 percent of the home’s purchase price.”
“Even if you have a preferred lender in mind, go to two or three lenders — or even more — and make sure you’re fully surveying your options,” Packer says. “A tenth of a percent on interest rates may not seem like a lot, but it can translate to thousands of dollars over the life of the loan.”
As you compare offers, consider the full scope of its features. Here are the main parts of offers you should weigh:
The interest rate and APR: The interest rate is your charge for borrowing, a percentage of the loan principal. The annual percentage rate (APR) includes the mortgage interest rate plus additional loan fees, representing the total cost of your loan.
Type of rate: Are you looking at a variable rate that will adjust after a certain period, or will it stay fixed over the life of the loan?
Loan term: How long it will take to pay off the mortgage. Note: longer-term loans allow for lower monthly payments, but you’ll pay more in interest over the course of the loan.
Fees: Some lenders charge fees that other lenders don’t, such as origination fees, application fees and prepayment penalties. Always understand the scope and cost of these fees when comparing offers.
Key mortgage terms to know
Amortization: Amortization describes the process of paying off a loan, such as a mortgage, in installment payments over a period of time. Part of each payment goes toward the principal, or the amount borrowed, while the other portion goes toward interest.
APR: An APR or annual percentage rate reflects the yearly cost of borrowing the money for a mortgage. A broader measure than the interest rate alone, the APR includes the interest rate, discount points and other fees that come with the loan.
Down payment: The down payment is the amount of a home’s purchase price a homebuyer pays upfront. Buyers typically put down a percentage of the home’s value as the down payment, then borrow the rest in the form of a mortgage. A larger down payment can help improve a borrower’s chances of getting a lower interest rate. Different kinds of mortgages have varying minimum down payments.
Escrow: An escrow account holds the portion of a borrower’s monthly mortgage payment that covers homeowners insurance premiums and property taxes. Escrow accounts also hold the earnest money the buyer deposits between the time their offer has been accepted and the closing.
Interest rate: The interest rate on a mortgage is the fee you pay for the borrowed sum. Either fixed or variable, it’s expressed as a percentage of the loan principal.
Mortgage servicer: A mortgage servicer is the company that handles your mortgage statements and all day-to-day tasks related to managing your loan after it closes. For example, the servicer collects your payments and, if you have an escrow account, ensures that your taxes and insurance are paid on time.
Private mortgage insurance: Private mortgage insurance (PMI) is a form of insurance taken out by the lender but typically paid for by you, the borrower, when your loan-to-value (LTV) ratio is greater than 80 percent (meaning you put down less than 20 percent as a down payment). If you default and the lender has to foreclose, PMI covers some of the shortfall between what they can sell your property for and what you still owe on the mortgage.
Promissory note: The promissory note is a legal document that obligates a borrower to repay a specified sum of money over a specified period under particular terms. These details are outlined in the note.
Underwriting: Mortgage underwriting is the process by which a bank or mortgage lender assesses the risk of lending to a particular individual. The underwriting process requires an application and takes into account factors like the prospective borrower’s credit report and score, income, debt and the value of the property they intend to buy. Many lenders follow standard underwriting guidelines from Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac when determining whether to approve a loan.
Next steps on getting a mortgage
Now that you’re familiar with how mortgages work, you can take steps toward getting your own — which may include working on your credit or saving for a down payment. When your credit and finances are in order, you can get preapproved for a mortgage and start house hunting.
After you make an offer (and the seller accepts), you can officially apply for a mortgage. The process involves a lot of paperwork and takes, on average, several weeks.
Frequently asked questions about mortgages
As of early May 2024, the average interest rate for a 30-year, fixed-rate mortgage is 7.37 percent. The spring homebuying season has favored sellers, as stubbornly-high inflation keeps 7 percent mortgages and record home prices firmly in place. Bankrate’s experts weigh in weekly on rate trends.
“Conforming” refers to a conforming loan, a mortgage eligible to be purchased by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, the government-sponsored enterprises (GSEs) integral to the mortgage market in the U.S. Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac buy loans from lenders to create mortgage-backed securities (MBS) for the secondary mortgage market. A loan that “conforms” meets certain standards set by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA). These standards have set limits and guidelines for borrower credit profiles, down payments, loan amount and property types.
A “non-conforming” loan or mortgage doesn’t meet (or “conform to”) the requirements that allow it to be purchased by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac. One example of a non-conforming loan is a jumbo loan. Government-backed loans, like those insured by the FHA or VA, are another example.
Younger homebuyers are turning to ultra-long loans, prompting fears over the risk to their finances and the wider economy
For a long time the traditional length of a UK mortgage has been 25 years, but runaway house prices and, more recently, dramatically higher borrowing costs are prompting more and more people to “go long” on their home loans.
On Monday, the former pensions minister Steve Webb revealed that younger homebuyers were increasingly being forced to gamble with their retirement prospects by taking on ultra-long mortgages lasting beyond the end of their working life.
The ex-Liberal Democrat MP published data obtained via a freedom of information request indicating that in the past three years, more than 1m mortgages that stretch beyond the current state pension age have been taken out.
Webb tabled the request in response to a recent report from the Bank of England’s financial policy committee (FPC) that revealed that almost half of all new mortgages issued in the final three months of 2023 were for terms of 30 years or more.
Separate figures from the lenders’ trade body, UK Finance, show that by the end of 2023, almost one in five first-time buyers were arranging their mortgage over 35 years, compared with fewer than one in 10 a year before. And while in 2005 the typical mortgage term for a UK first-time buyer was 25 years, that had crept up to 30 years by mid-2022.
Ray Boulger of the broker John Charcol says the traditional quarter-century term was chosen because until about the year 2000 most mortgages were linked to an endowment policy, for which 25 years was considered the optimum period.
Now that more than 90% of house purchase mortgages are taken out on a repayment basis, “there is no logical reason for the default period of a repayment mortgage to be 25 years or, indeed, any specific term,” Boulger says.
Affordability pressures
The key driver for longer terms is affordability: stretching out repayments over a longer term reduces how much you have to hand over each month.
In the UK, high house prices, escalating student debts and a rise in the age at which couples have children have contributed to the need for a longer repayment term.
“But what I think has helped to accelerate that [demand] more recently is the fact that interest rates are that much higher now,” says David Hollingworth of the broker L&C Mortgages. “You were getting people going beyond the traditional 25 years, but they would be perhaps sitting at about 30. We are starting to see the proportion going to the full 40 beginning to edge up – so, maxing it out effectively.”
Someone who takes out a £200,000 repayment mortgage at a rate of 4.5% could expect to pay £1,111 a month on a 25-year term. Tweak that to 30 and it falls to £1,013 a month. At 35 years it is £946, and at 40 it is £899 – £212 a month less than if they signed up for 25 years.
For would-be borrowers who cannot raise the mortgage they want on a shorter term, increasing the length of their loan may be their only option.
45-year loans
In March, UK Finance gave a graphic example of how affordability pressures have ratcheted up as interest rates and house prices have risen.
It looked at a typical first-time buyer in 2022, when the average mortgage term for someone stepping on to the property ladder was 30 years. By the middle of 2023, for that buyer to achieve the same affordability – as measured by their monthly payments compared with income – they would have needed to borrow over a 50-year term. By last December, rising mortgage rates had pushed this to 72 years.
“A 50-year term, let alone 72 years, sits outside even the most generous of lender underwriting criteria,” UK Finance was quick to add.
Banks and building societies have, though, made it easier for people to tie themselves into ultra-long mortgages. The financial data provider Moneyfacts said that at the end of April this year, 79% of residential mortgages on sale had a maximum term of up to 40 years – up from 68% in August 2023, and 57% a year earlier.
One specialist player, Vida Homeloans, recently made the move to 45 years, and others could follow. Perenna, a new lender that launched its products late last year, originally offered deals lasting up to 30 years, but now offers a maximum of 40. Arjan Verbeek, its chief executive, says it has seen “very strong demand”, adding: “We will go to 50 if there is … need.”
It is not just first-time buyers opting to go long – large numbers of people facing much higher monthly payments once their existing deal expires have also extended the length of their mortgage term or are considering doing so.
Sting in the tail
Going for a longer term could lower monthly costs, but there is a financial sting in the tail: the longer you draw out the repayments, the more interest you will pay over the life of the mortgage.
For the £200,000 mortgage mentioned above, while over 25 years the borrower would pay £133,000 in interest, over a 40-year term, their total interest bill soars to £231,000.
And policymakers clearly have concerns about the growing popularity of marathon mortgages and the potential risks they pose for financial stability. People are potentially saddling themselves with a big debt that some will probably still be paying off long after they have started collecting their pension, or would have hoped to retire.
The FPC warns that this trend “could affect future borrower and lender resilience”, adding that longer terms means “a higher risk of debt being pushed into old age” and reduced financial flexibility. That, in turn, could make borrowers “more sensitive to negative shocks”.
On top of this, traditionally, you might have reached your early/mid/late 50s and either have paid off your mortgage or certainly broken the back of it – thereby giving you a few valuable years during which you could shove as much money as possible into your pension to boost your future retirement income. For many, that window of opportunity has now closed, or is likely to close.
A short-term fix?
There has already been an increase in the number of people in their 60s and 70s using equity release schemes to pay off their mortgages. On the other hand, some of those signing up for longer-term mortgages will find their financial situation improves over time, allowing them to bring the term back down or make overpayments to reduce what they owe.
Boulger says the fact that a 35- or 40-year mortgage might end up being more expensive does not necessarily mean there is anything wrong with a longer term if it is the best means to the desired end of owning your own home. “It will usually be better than renting for your whole life, including in retirement, and in any case very few people will keep the same mortgage for the whole term, and so in reality only a tiny proportion of 35- to 40-year mortgages will actually last that long,” he says.
In July 2022, it was reported that longer-term mortgages were being considered by the then prime minister Boris Johnson as a way to tackle the housing crisis. Ironically, the mess made of the economy by his successor Liz Truss – whose September 2022 mini-budget lit the touchpaper for much higher mortgage rates – could actually help make half-century home loans a lot more likely.
By late spring, homebuying season is in full swing. And right when all the good listings start popping up, so does summer wanderlust — especially if you were cooped up all winter.
House hunting can be exhausting, especially in today’s competitive market. So if you need a vacation, are you throwing away your shot at success?
Karen Wilder, a real estate agent with Mott & Chace Sotheby’s International Realty in Charlestown, Rhode Island, doesn’t think so.
“Sometimes, it can be the best thing for your search for you to just take a little time off,” she says.
If you want to travel and house-hunt at the same time, you have to plan ahead and consider your short- and long-term goals. Here’s how to balance the homebuying process with a much-needed summer getaway.
Weigh your priorities
First, gut-check your travel plans against FOMO: the fear of missing out. In a hot market, home shoppers need to act fast when a great house gets listed. Maybe you have a truly can’t-miss trip — say, your bestie’s destination wedding or a major work conference. But if you have the option to schedule your travel later, it might be worth it to wait.
To help you decide, consider how you’d feel if “the” house came along while you were out of town. Would you regret not being there for an in-person walkthrough? Would you rather be on the beach than on the phone with your buyer’s agent?
“Everybody needs to consider their own comfort level with shopping remotely — their own sort of FOMO when it comes to going away and unplugging,” Wilder says.
The homebuying process is less familiar for first-time home buyers, who might prefer to handle things in person. In her experience, Wilder notes that seasoned real estate buyers or investors are often more comfortable with overseeing a transaction from a distance.
Find a proxy
Krystal Stearns, branch manager at Valor Home Loans in Colorado Springs, Colorado, is one of those seasoned pros. She has purchased six properties across three states without seeing any of them in person first. Digital tools like virtual walk-throughs and listing videos can help, but nothing beats a boots-on-the-ground perspective, she says.
Before you travel, ask an experienced buyer’s agent, trusted friend or family member to attend walk-throughs or open houses on your behalf. When Stearns bought her Florida vacation home sight unseen, she knew she could trust her buyer’s agent to give candid feedback on the place.
“You really need someone who is going to be honest with you, that’s going to look out for you and your family and understand your goals,” she says.
If any must-see listings arise while you’re away, your proxy can walk through the house with you in real time on a video call. They might notice things the listing photos can’t fully capture, from a breathtaking view to a troublesome odor.
“You cannot scratch and sniff online,” Wilder says.
Stay plugged in
Unless you can accommodate a complete pause on your homebuying journey, it’s wise to remain somewhat connected during your travels.
“It might not be the time to climb Mount Everest or, you know, go somewhere completely off the grid,” Wilder says.
Heading on a cruise or long flight? Buy the Wi-Fi. Going camping? Bring a portable power bank to charge your devices (and make sure its battery is full before you leave). Share your travel plans with your buyer’s agent and mortgage team so they know the best way to reach you and how quickly you’re able to respond.
If you’re under contract, your homebuying squad can explain which time-sensitive requests to expect and who will be sending them. For example, if your loan is in underwriting, you might have to submit recent bank statements or pay stubs. Following a home inspection, you’ll want to review the inspection report and negotiate any requests for repairs.
“A closing is, you know, three to four weeks,” Stearns says. “A lot happens in that time period.”
Before you reply to any urgent-sounding emails, check the sender’s address to make sure the request is legit. If something looks off, it could be a mortgage closing scam. Identity criminals can send convincing lookalike emails that attempt to steal your money or personal information.
Watch your spending
A home is one of the biggest purchases you’ll ever make, so now isn’t the time to drain your savings. Before you leave, make a travel budget and stick to it. That’ll save you the stress (or regret) of wondering if you can afford something while you’re in vacation mode.
After mortgage preapproval, lenders keep a close watch on your finances. While you’re traveling, avoid making any unexpected large purchases or opening new lines of credit (like signing up for that airline credit card offer after too many tiny bottles of wine on the plane). Doing so could affect your credit score or debt-to-income ratio, potentially putting your loan approval at risk.
Ultimately, buying a house while enjoying summer travel is possible if you plan ahead and remain reachable by phone or email. It all depends on how you prefer to spend your time.
“Life is short, so live your life as much as you possibly can,” Stearns says. “Don’t let a vacation stop you from buying a house, and don’t let buying a house stop you from going on vacation. Just know it’s going to be a little bit of extra work.”
Hedging, Community Lending, Verification, CRM, Warehouse Products; NAR Reports on Q1; FHA and USDA Changes
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Hedging, Community Lending, Verification, CRM, Warehouse Products; NAR Reports on Q1; FHA and USDA Changes
By: Rob Chrisman
Wed, May 8 2024, 11:25 AM
After a very long travel day filled with odd, time-sucking delays, when I arrived in Birmingham I was happy to hear Alabama on the Uber car’s radio singing, “My Home’s in Alabama.” “That my home’s in Alabama, no matter where I lay my head. My home’s in Alabama, Southern born and Southern bred.” Home prices in Alabama have tended to mimic many parts of the United States: In March 2024, home prices in Alabama were up 1.1 percent compared to last year, selling for a median price of $273,500 with the number of homes sold being down 8.9 percent year over year, per Redfin. (This morning NAR reported that more than 90 percent of metro markets posted home price gains in the first quarter of 2024: latest quarterly report.) There’s ample inventory, with over 22,000 homes for sale in Alabama, up nearly 11 percent year over year. A chunk of those are in Huntsville, 100 miles to the north of Birmingham, Alabama’s most populous city and the home of NASA’s Marshall Space Flight Center. (Found here, this week’s podcasts are sponsored by Matic, the digital insurance marketplace built for the mortgage industry. Matic integrates home insurance shopping into the lending and servicing experience, allowing customers to shop carriers and find a policy in minutes. Create a new revenue stream that boosts customer happiness today! Hear an interview with Matic’s Ben Madick on the insurance landscape and trends impacting both potential homebuyers and existing homeowners.)
Lender and Broker Software and Services
Do you love your technology partner so much that you’d tattoo its name on your arm? A top producing team at VanDyk Mortgage resorted to “tattoo” tactics when management replaced Floify with a competing mobile-first POS. The new system’s shortcomings in functionality and vendor support impacted the productivity and satisfaction of VanDyk’s team, particularly affecting branch managers and loan officers who struggled with the platform’s limitations and the vendor’s responsiveness. The result? A “baring” of arms and quick return to Floify, which in addition to preventing an LO mutiny saves VanDyk $300,000 annually in operating costs compared to the interim system. Read the full case study and see pics of the team’s “tats.”
Compliance Review Roadmap for Financial Institutions! Regular compliance testing and monitoring helps you get out in front of potential issues, identifying areas that might not normally receive enough attention. When you embrace compliance reviews, your entire institution becomes involved in building a culture of compliance. This whitepaper offers a how-to guide for implementing a compliance review process at your financial institution. Included in this roadmap is: Step-by-step instructions for building a compliance testing program; A checklist of what to assess in compliance monitoring; A breakdown of the roles and responsibilities for each department and division; The importance of conducting a root cause analysis; Challenges encountered in implementing compliance reviews and how to overcome them; and Solutions for automating your compliance review process. Download the free whitepaper now.
PlainsCapital Bank National Warehouse Lending, a subsidiary of Hilltop Holdings (NYSE: HTH), understands the importance of efficiency when it comes to meeting mortgage lenders funding requests. “Express Funding” is how we help our customers reduce the time needed to get loans funded quickly. Express Funding allows our customers to submit multiple loans for funding in one simple data upload, whether it is one loan or 100 loans. We have a growing list of 5,000+ approved closing agents, No Doc funding requirements and funding turn times averaging under 20 minutes! As a well-capitalized financially strong banking partner we give our customers confidence in an uncertain market. If you attending the MBA Secondary Conference in NY or the TMBA Annual Conference in Austin and interested in learning more about PlainsCapital Bank National Warehouse Lending please contact John White or Brent Amos.
Usherpa’s SmartCRM and Relationship Engagement Platform has been vetted by The Mortgage Collaborative (TMC), one of the largest mortgage cooperatives in the country, and is now a Preferred Partner to TMC’s growing network of mortgage lenders. According to TMC’s 2024 “Pulse of the Network” survey of 2,000 industry executives, finding new opportunities to grow volume and market share ranked first among the top critically important issues facing mortgage lenders. Having a CRM platform that is powerful but easy to use with guaranteed adoption is crucial. “TMC prides itself on having best in class preferred partners that help our lenders lower their cost of origination, improve their customer experience, and retain their best Loan Officers so that they can easily compete with even the largest lenders,” said Melissa Langdale, TMC’s President and COO. “We are thrilled to add Usherpa as a Preferred Partner.”
During the loan process, expedited turn times are crucial. Traditional methods of obtaining tax transcripts using a 4506-C form are slow and susceptible to rejections by the IRS due to minor discrepancies between the submitted form and what is on file at the IRS, thereby extending the verification process. Xactus, a leader in verification solutions, offers a streamlined alternative, Tax TranscriptX. Providing real-time IRS data feeds, this innovative tool enables fast and easy income verification, with the IRS rejecting less than 3 percent of the requests. Endorsed by the Government-Sponsored Enterprises (GSE), this solution empowers lenders to accelerate loan closures by furnishing tax transcripts within minutes rather than days. Lenders can use Xactus’ technology to streamline workflows, boost profits, and close loans right away. For more information, email Xactus. To stay up to date on its industry innovations, follow Xactus on LinkedIn.
Wholesale and Correspondent Products
Attention all TPO and wholesale lenders: Don’t miss out on “The Wholesale Lending Sales Machine” webinar hosted by OptifiNow and Lender Price on May 15th at 10 am PT. The webinar will discuss how wholesale lenders are finding success in today’s challenging market by equipping their account executives with technology tools that are proven to generate more submissions and fundings. Make sure to register for this webinar today!
“Visio Lending is breaking records with a relentless focus on improving our Broker Experience. We are the nation’s leader in Non-QM Investor DSCR loans for buy and hold SFR rentals with nearly a decade of experience and over $2.8 billion in originations. No-DTI, 30-year terms, rate buy downs, free 45-day rate locks; I/O and Sub-1 DSCR options available. Now choose your own title company (including on refinances). Through our top-notch Broker Program, brokers are able to earn up to 2 points YSP, and 5 points total. Visio Brokers can count on a designated Account Executive and in-house processing.”
“Citi Correspondent Lending remains committed to responsible and sustainable growth with a focus on expanding our Community Lending platform. We’ve continued to gain momentum in these areas as illustrated by the 126 percent increase year-over-year in non-delegated Agency production and April’s 22 percent month-over-month increase in our proprietary HomeRun program production. We’re excited to discuss all that Citi offers now and what’s on the horizon at the upcoming Secondary and Capital Markets Conference. Reach out to your Citi Account Executive or our National Client Services Team to schedule time to talk with us.”
Government Program Updates
The lion’s share of locks continues to be headed Freddie & Fannie’s way, but there is a sizeable chunk that are either non-Agency (non-QM, jumbo, bond programs spring to mind) or are FHA, VA, and USDA. Let’s see what’s happening in that latter category.
FHA’s Mortgagee Letter (ML) 2024-08 further extends its foreclosure moratorium for borrowers with FHA-insured mortgages in Maui County, Hawaii. This extension, which runs through August 4, 2024, is effective immediately.
Mortgagee Letter (ML) 2024-07 strengthens FHA’s existing ROV process as part of HUD’s commitment to strengthening safeguards against unlawful discrimination in residential property valuations as outlined in the Property Appraisal and Valuation Equity (PAVE) Interagency Task Force. This update is the result of FHA’s consideration of the feedback received on its January 2023 proposed policy posted to its Single Family Drafting Table, and subsequent engagement with stakeholders and other federal agencies, including the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), to identify policies that would support a consistent industry-wide framework of minimum standards for the ROV process.
Updated information on SFH Section 502 Direct Funding was posted in USDA Rural Development SFH Bulletin.
Revisions that impact the AmeriHome USDA Guaranteed Rural Housing Program Guide are available in AmeriHome Mortgage Announcement 20240403-CL.
Newrez is updating its Government and Conforming loan underwriting guidelines, details are available in announcement 2024-024 and announcement 2024-025.
Capital Markets
With little in the way of economic releases this week or next until April CPI a week from today, investors continue to focus on Fed Chair Powell’s post-FOMC comments, potential Fed rate cuts in the latter half of the year, and the softer than expected April payrolls print. The MBS market is also busy digesting April agency prepayments, which were released late Monday, where speeds increased much less than expected. In reaction to the reports, UMBS30 and GNII rolls were mixed in mostly small moves.
Yesterday brought bland remarks from Minneapolis Fed President Neel Kashkari and some supply hitting the front end of the curve with a $58 billion 3-year Treasury auction that was received with good demand. Internationally, there was a policy hold from the Reserve Bank of Australia and a better-than-expected March Retail Sales report from the Eurozone.
Today’s domestic economic calendar kicked off with mortgage applications increasing 2.6 percent from one week earlier, according to data from the Mortgage Bankers Association’s Weekly Mortgage Applications Survey. Sweden’s Riksbank was out with their latest monetary policy decision before the open. Later today brings wholesale inventories and sales, a Treasury auction of $42 billion 10-year notes, and remarks from three Fed speakers: Vice Chair Jefferson, Boston President Collins, and Governor Cook. We begin the day with Agency MBS prices little changed from Tuesday’s close and the 10-year yielding 4.48 after closing yesterday at 4.46 percent; the 2-year is at 4.83.
Employment
“Loan officers! Discover the radius advantage. Are you navigating a market that’s forgotten the value of loyalty? At radius financial group, we’re rewriting the script with our MLO Partnership-Proposition (MPP). We understand the industry’s pulse and the need for a genuine partnership—not just a platform to process loans. As lenders focus on consumers, we concentrate on you, the heartbeat of our business. You’re not just a number here; you’re the face of our brand, co-branded for success. We’re committed to investing in you, providing a stable home where your talents are nurtured and your book of business flourishes. For confidential inquires please contact Carla Herrera (781-742-6500).
Tired of having outdated news on your website or a stale newsletter? A skilled writer has some extra bandwidth and is available to produce weekly, monthly, or as-needed mortgage-related content for lenders on their website, email marketing or digital advertising. Reach out to Dustin Hobbs.
Carrington Mortgage Services has hired Steven Winokur to serve as VP, Marketing, Third-Party Origination using his “significant expertise in marketing strategy, brand development, marketing communications and digital marketing” to quickly build on existing marketplace momentum for Carrington’s diverse non-QM offerings. Congratulations!
Planet Home Lending has hired 20+ year vet Paul Walker to be Chief Financial Officer. “Paul will guide our financial strategy, leading Planet’s integrated platform to continuously deliver efficient, innovative solutions and services to consumers, business partners, and clients,” said Michael Dubeck, CEO and President of Planet Financial Group, parent of Planet Home Lending.
Flagstar Bank has promoted Rich Hoffman to senior vice president and head of TPO lending. Congratulations!
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Fannie Mae announced on Wednesday the availability of a new web-based option for its income calculator tool, which is designed to “help mortgage professionals serve the growing number of mortgage applicants in the U.S. who are self-employed and don’t have traditional sources of income,” according to the government-sponsored enterprise (GSE).
The new option for the tool is available at no additional cost and can be accessed via the company’s website.
“Whether through our new web-based user interface or through an integrated technology service provider, Fannie Mae’s Income Calculator simplifies the process of underwriting the qualifying income of self-employed borrowers, which traditionally has been a challenging and time-consuming operation for lenders,“ Mark Fisher, vice president of single-family credit risk solutions at Fannie Mae, said in a statement.
“With the launch of our new web interface, originators now can select the solution that best aligns with their processes and meets their needs, while saving time and improving certainty in the quality of the loan,“ he added.
The company introduced the income calculator last year, and the new web-based option is designed to reduce loan defects that are more likely for borrowers with nontraditional sources of income. The GSE introduced updates to its Selling Guide in February that are also designed to better serve those with nontraditional income.
“Lenders also still have the option to partner with one of Fannie Mae’s authorized third-party technology service providers to automate the calculation of self-employment income streams during the underwriting process,” Fannie Mae explained. “With either solution, the lender benefits from an accurate income calculation and the resulting reduced risk of loan repurchase.”
Self-employed borrowers make up about 10% of the U.S. workforce and “a growing number of Fannie Mae loan deliveries,” the GSE stated. “Incorrect income calculation and documentation can cause defects, which are identified in Fannie Mae’s post-purchase loan quality reviews. With the Fannie Mae Income Calculator, lenders receive an accurate, validated income amount for use in the underwriting process.”
The standard narrative of buying a house involves a real estate agent. The Realtor acts as your tour guide, guiding you not only through available homes, but also through the complicated process of becoming a homeowner.
However, some independent sellers prefer to sell their home without a real estate agent’s services. As a prospective buyer, you would interact with the homeowner instead of a Realtor.
This process, known as a sale by owner or FSBO sale, offers potential buyers the opportunity to bypass some traditional real estate transactions, which may save money on agent’s commission fees. FSBO sellers handle every aspect of the sale, including setting the listing price, marketing the house for sale, and negotiating the purchase price.
FSBO sales differ from a typical sale, as they require the home buyer to assume tasks that a real estate agent would usually handle. This includes finding FSBO listings, validating property details, and negotiating the sales price with the FSBO seller directly.
Key Takeaways
A For Sale By Owner (FSBO) transaction allows buyers to negotiate directly with sellers, potentially bypassing real estate agent commissions but requiring extra due diligence.
Buyers should secure mortgage preapproval, verify property details through CLUE reports and title checks, and consider hiring a real estate attorney or title company to manage legalities.
Closing a FSBO sale involves setting up an escrow account, preparing extensive paperwork, and understanding post-closing steps like utility setup and managing property taxes and insurance.
An Overview of the FSBO Process
A FSBO sale, where an owner sells their house without a real estate agent or a listing agent, differs from a typical sale. Understanding the intricacies of these real estate transactions can be vital to a smooth closing. FSBO sellers handle everything from setting the listing price, marketing, negotiating, and closing, offering more room for direct communication and price negotiation.
However, an FSBO transaction requires the buyer to take on tasks typically handled by a real estate agent. Unless you are working with a buyer’s agent, closing can be complex. You may be on your own for a home inspection. Getting an appraisal and negotiating a selling price will be up to you. Completing the title search and other tasks usually falls to the seller’s agent.
Prepare for the Purchase
Buying a home is exciting, but it’s also a venture that requires substantial financial planning and understanding. Preparing for the financial aspect of your purchase can increase your chances of a successful transaction and make the overall home buying experience less stressful.
Determining how much house you can afford is the first step. Getting pre-approved for a mortgage is essential. You’ll also need funds for a down payment and closing costs. Buying a FSBO home is similar to purchasing through a real estate agency.
Assess Your Credit Score
Your credit score is a key player in this process. It has a significant impact on your ability to secure a home loan, dictating your interest rates and loan terms. Before you start shopping for an FSBO house, check your credit score and, if necessary, take steps to improve it. This may involve paying down debts or correcting any errors on your credit report.
Secure Loan Preapproval
Once your credit is in check, securing preapproval for a home loan can give you a head start. This process involves a lender checking your financial history and assessing whether you’re a viable candidate for a loan.
Upon preapproval, you’ll know the maximum amount you can borrow, which helps you set a realistic budget for your house hunting. A mortgage broker, with their extensive knowledge and resources, can guide you through this process and help you choose the best loan for your needs.
Set Aside Savings
Additionally, it’s essential to have savings set aside for a down payment and closing costs. Down payments typically range from 3.5% to 20% of the home’s purchase price. Closing costs, on the other hand, usually amount to 2% to 5% of the loan amount. These costs can add up, so preparing for them can prevent financial surprises down the road.
Ensure a Mortgage Contingency
Lastly, when setting the terms of the purchase contract, ensure it includes a mortgage contingency. This clause protects you if your final home loan approval falls through, allowing you to back out of the deal without financial repercussions.
Research the Property
Buying an FSBO home requires thorough due diligence and understanding your local market’s dynamics.
Familiarize Yourself with the Market
Familiarize yourself with FSBO listings in your desired area. Assess the features of various properties, their listing prices, and how long they’ve been on the market. This exercise can help you gauge a fair price for the property you’re interested in.
Verify Property Details
In FSBO sales, buyers need to take extra care when verifying property details. These include, but are not limited to, ownership history, physical condition, and any past insurance claims related to the house for sale.
CLUE Report: A good starting point for property research is the Comprehensive Loss Underwriting Exchange, also known as CLUE. This database contains up to seven years of insurance claims history for properties. Requesting a CLUE report can provide insight into any past damages or issues that have led to insurance claims. This information helps when assessing the overall condition of the home and can play a role in price negotiations.
Check the Title: Another important element in property research is checking the home’s title. The title outlines the history of property ownership, and any issues, like liens or disputes, could complicate the transaction. You might want to consider hiring a title company or a real estate attorney to ensure a clear title, further securing your investment.
Conducting extensive research on the property not only aids in making an informed decision but can also arm you with valuable information during price negotiations.
Understand the Legalities
Buying a house is not just a financial commitment, it’s a legal one too. Understanding the legal aspects of real estate transactions can protect you from potential complications, particularly in a FSBO sale, where you might not have a real estate agent guiding you through the process.
Hire a Real Estate Attorney or a Title Company
In a traditional real estate transaction, a buyer’s agent handles the legal paperwork. However, in a FSBO sale, buyers often need to manage these tasks themselves. This is where a real estate attorney or a title company can help. These professionals can assist with the legal aspects of the transaction, including:
Ensuring the house is a separate legal entity operated correctly, free from liens, and without any outstanding claims.
Conducting title searches to confirm the legitimacy of the property’s ownership.
Assisting with the closing process, ensuring all necessary documents are correctly filled out and filed.
Review the Purchase Agreement
The purchase agreement is a binding legal contract between the buyer and the seller. It outlines the final purchase price, terms of the home sale, and any conditions that must be met before the sale can be finalized.
Given its importance, it’s recommended to have a lawyer review the purchase agreement before the buyer and seller sign it. This review can ensure that all the stipulations are in your best interest and that there are no potential loopholes that could cause problems later.
Pricing and Negotiations
FSBO sales often provide room for more negotiation when it comes to the home’s asking price. This flexibility can result in a lower purchase price, potentially saving you money.
Home Appraisal
A home appraisal can be an essential tool during these negotiations. An appraiser evaluates the property and provides an estimated market value. This estimate is based on various factors, including the home’s condition, location, and comparable homes in the area.
With an appraisal in hand, you have a foundation for negotiating the home’s price with the seller directly. It gives you a benchmark, helping to ensure you don’t pay more than the property is worth.
Handling a Low Appraisal
A FSBO transaction can become complicated if the appraisal is lower than the agreed-upon purchase price. In this scenario, you have a few options:
Request a price reduction: If the appraisal comes in lower than the agreed-upon price, you can ask the seller to reduce the price. They may be willing to do this to keep the sale on track.
Challenge the appraisal: If you believe the appraisal was inaccurate, you can challenge it. You’ll need to provide compelling evidence, such as recent sales of comparable homes that were not included in the original appraisal.
Handling these situations tactfully can keep your home purchase on track while ensuring you get a fair deal. Remember, every real estate transaction is unique, and dealing with these challenges may require professional guidance from a real estate attorney or a buyer’s agent.
Home Inspections
Investing in a home inspection is a prudent step in the homebuying process. A comprehensive inspection can reveal potential problems or necessary repairs that may not be immediately apparent. This is especially critical when buying a FSBO property, as there might not be a real estate agent involved to facilitate this step.
Choosing a Home Inspector
Finding a qualified and experienced home inspector is paramount. Look for inspectors who are certified by a national association and who have a good reputation in your local market. Your home inspector should evaluate the following:
Structural elements: walls, ceilings, floors, roof, and foundation.
Systems: plumbing, electrical, and HVAC.
Other components: insulation, ventilation, windows, and doors.
Outside: drainage, driveways, fences, sidewalks, and any potential safety hazards.
After the Home Inspection
Once the home inspection is complete, you will receive an inspection report outlining any identified issues. Depending on the findings, you may:
Request repairs: If the inspector identifies any issues, you can ask the seller to make necessary repairs before closing.
Renegotiate the asking price: If there are significant issues that the seller is not willing to fix, you might renegotiate the price to account for the repair costs.
Walk away: In the case of severe problems, such as foundational issues or extensive water damage, it might be in your best interest to walk away from the sale.
Securing Financing
Once you’ve agreed on a sales price and completed the home inspection, the next step is to finalize your home loan. This stage requires careful consideration as it can significantly impact your personal finance situation.
Compare Mortgage Options
Start by comparing different mortgage options. Each loan type has its advantages and drawbacks, and the best one for you depends on your individual circumstances. A mortgage broker can be a valuable resource during this process, helping you understand the nuances of each option and finding the best fit for your financial situation.
Review the Loan Estimate
Mortgage lenders are required to provide a loan estimate within three days of receiving your application. This document outlines the specifics of your loan, including:
Loan amount: The total amount that you’ll borrow.
Interest rate: The cost you’ll pay each year to borrow the money, expressed as a percentage.
Closing costs: The expenses you’ll need to pay to finalize your mortgage, which can include origination fees, appraisal fees, and title insurance.
It’s essential to review the loan estimate thoroughly and make sure you understand all the costs involved. If something seems off, don’t hesitate to ask your lender for clarification. After all, this is a significant financial commitment, and you want to be sure you’re making an informed decision.
Closing the Sale
Closing a FSBO sale involves several key steps that vary slightly from a typical sale involving real estate agents. However, the primary goal remains the same: to legally transfer ownership of the property from the seller to you, the buyer.
Setting Up an Escrow Account
In real estate transactions, an escrow account is used to safeguard the earnest money — the deposit you make to show the seller you’re serious about buying the house. This account is managed by a separate legal entity, such as a title company or escrow company, ensuring the funds are protected until the sale is finalized.
Preparing the Paperwork
The closing paperwork can be quite extensive and typically includes:
The deed: This transfers ownership from the seller to the buyer.
The bill of sale: This outlines the terms and conditions of the sale.
The affidavit of title (or seller’s affidavit): This document states the seller owns the property and there are no liens against it.
It’s best to have a real estate attorney or a title company prepare these documents to avoid any mistakes.
Title Insurance and Closing
Your lender may require you to purchase title insurance. This protects both you and the lender in case any undisclosed liens or ownership disputes arise after the sale.
On the closing day, you and the seller will sign all closing documents. The funds held in the escrow account, including your down payment and closing costs, will be appropriately distributed, and the property’s ownership is legally transferred to you.
Post-Closing Steps: What Comes Next?
After the exhilarating process of buying a house, there are a few additional steps to take post-closing.
Utility Setup and Address Change
Ensure utilities are set up in your name, including water, electricity, gas, and internet. You should also update your address for any subscriptions, credit cards, bank accounts, and identification documents.
Understand Property Taxes and Home Insurance
As a new homeowner, it’s important to understand your obligations regarding property taxes and home insurance. Familiarize yourself with due dates and payment procedures to avoid late fees or potential complications.
Dealing with Potential Problems
If any problems arise with the home past closing, consult your home inspection report before paying for repairs out of pocket. If you’ve received a home warranty as part of the sale (which is different from home insurance), it may cover some of these post-closing issues.
Remember, buying a FSBO home might be more complicated than a typical sale, but the potential benefits, such as saving on the agent’s commission, make it an attractive option for many home buyers. With careful planning, research, and professional guidance, you can manage the FSBO homebuying process with confidence.
Conclusion
Though a FSBO transaction can be intimidating, with research and preparation, potential buyers can make the process go smoothly. Buying a house for sale by owner can offer significant savings and more room for price negotiation, as you bypass the real estate agent’s commission.
However, you need to remain diligent and informed throughout the process. Understand the local market, conduct a thorough home inspection, and engage professionals like a real estate attorney or title companies for a smooth real estate transaction. The homebuying process may be a marathon rather than a sprint, but with patience and perseverance, you’ll cross the finish line to your new home.
Though a promissory note and a mortgage work together to create a legally binding loan agreement, each has its own distinct purpose in finalizing a real estate transaction. When you sign a promissory note, you’re agreeing to pay back the loan amount under specific loan terms. When you sign a mortgage, you’re acknowledging that if you default on that loan, the lender can get its money back by foreclosing on the property.
These separate contracts have important roles in your purchase, so before you sign on the dotted line, read on for an explanation of how each one works.
Promissory Note vs Mortgage
If you’re borrowing money to buy real estate, you’ll likely be asked to sign both a promissory note and a mortgage at your closing. And in the blur of paperwork, it may seem as though they’re pretty much the same thing.
They aren’t. Here’s a look at the role each document has in finalizing a home loan agreement.
First-time homebuyers can prequalify for a SoFi mortgage loan, with as little as 3% down.
What Is a Promissory Note?
You can think of a promissory note as a formal and really specific IOU. It’s the borrower’s promise to repay the loan by a predetermined date, and it typically details the terms of the loan, including the loan amount, the interest rate, the length of the loan, and monthly payments (all the factors you would see in an online mortgage calculator).
If you sign the promissory note, sometimes referred to as a mortgage note, you are obligated to pay back the loan under these terms.
What Is a Mortgage?
A mortgage is the contract you sign with the lender that states that the property you’re purchasing serves as the security, or collateral, for the loan. It contains a legal description of the property and usually notes that you’re responsible for things like maintenance and for carrying homeowners insurance.
The mortgage doesn’t obligate you or anyone who signs it to repay the loan, but it does allow the lender to take the property as collateral if you don’t make your payments or if you otherwise fail to follow through on the terms of the loan. If you default, the lender can proceed with a mortgage foreclosure and then sell the home to recover its money.
Recommended: What Are the Different Types of Home Mortgage?
Key Similarities and Differences Between a Mortgage and Promissory Note
Because the paperwork a borrower completes and signs for a real estate loan is often referred to, in general, as the “mortgage,” it can be easy to lose sight of the different purposes of the mortgage and promissory note. So here’s a quick breakdown of some of their similarities and differences.
Similarities Between Promissory Notes and Mortgages
• Both documents establish a legally binding contract that ensures the lender is protected if the borrower defaults on the loan.
• Some of the terms of the promissory note may also be listed in the mortgage, including the length of the loan and the amount due. (The interest rate and monthly payment usually aren’t included on the mortgage, however, and won’t be a part of the public record.)
• Both are important documents that you should read (and understand) before signing.
Differences Between Promissory Notes and Mortgages
• Each document has a distinct purpose and legal implication. A signed promissory note serves as the borrower’s promise to repay the home loan. A signed mortgage secures the note to the property and says you agree the lender can foreclose on your property if you default on the terms of the loan.
• Each document contains different pieces of information. While the promissory note lists more details about the loan terms, including the interest rate and repayment schedule, the mortgage has more details about the borrower’s obligations and the lender’s rights.
• There’s also a difference in where each document is kept after the closing. The lender holds onto the promissory note until the loan is paid off. (After that it can serve as the borrower’s “receipt,” proving the loan is paid — so it’s important to make sure you keep it in a safe place when you receive it.) The mortgage becomes part of the county land records to provide a traceable chain of ownership.
• Each document confers a different obligation on those who sign it. Anyone who signs the promissory note can be held personally liable for the borrowed money and could face legal consequences if they fail to make their payments. If, for example, the lender forecloses on the home and sells it, but the sale doesn’t cover the amount you owe, you may be responsible for paying the difference, depending on state laws. However, if you sign only the mortgage document and not the promissory note, the lender can’t hold you legally responsible for paying back the loan; you’re only giving the lender permission to foreclose on the property if the loan isn’t repaid.
How Promissory Notes and Mortgages Compare
Promissory Note
Mortgage
Protects the lender if the borrower defaults
x
x
Outlines terms of the loan agreement
x
x (with limits)
Establishes borrower’s legal promise to repay loan
x
Establishes lender can foreclose upon default
x
Is held by the lender until loan is paid
x
Is filed in county records
x
Should be read and understood before signing
x
x
Required Documents to Get a Mortgage
You should be prepared to provide and sign several documents during the homebuying process — first on the front end, when you’re applying for a loan, and again later, when it’s time to close on the property.
The person who’s in charge of your closing can give you a complete list of what you’ll need to bring with you and the paperwork you’ll be asked to sign, but here are a few of the documents you can expect to see:
Closing Disclosure
The Closing Disclosure lays out the final terms of the loan, including all closing costs, and provides information about who is paying and who is receiving money at closing. Lenders are required to send buyers a copy of their Closing Disclosure at least three business days before closing so there’s time to review it and clear up any potential discrepancies. You should bring it with you to your closing to be sure your costs remain the same as you expected or that any necessary changes were made.
Promissory Note
The promissory note is the document that states that you legally agree to repay your home loan. It provides important details about the loan, including the amount owed, interest rate, dates when the payments will be due, length of the loan, and where payments should be sent.
Mortgage/Deed of Trust/Security Instrument
This document gives your lender the right to foreclose on your property if you fail to live up to the repayment terms you agreed to. It also will outline your responsibilities and rights as a borrower.
(Your state may use a deed of trust vs. a mortgage as part of the home loan process. A deed of trust states that a neutral third party — usually the title company — may hold legal title to the home until the borrower pays off the loan.)
Initial Escrow Disclosure
This form explains the specific charges you may have to pay into an escrow account each month as part of your mortgage agreement, such as money to cover property taxes and insurance.
Deed
This document transfers ownership of the property from the seller to the buyer.
Right to Cancel Form
You’ll only see this form if you’re refinancing your home loan (it doesn’t apply if you’re purchasing the property). It states your right to cancel the loan within three business days and explains how that process works.
Recommended: What Is Mortgage Underwriting?
The Takeaway
Though people tend to think of the term “mortgage” as describing everything that has to do with their home loan, there are actually two separate documents that form the legal agreement between a buyer and a lender and outline their responsibilities.
It’s important to understand the differences between these two distinct pieces of paperwork — the promissory note and the mortgage — before you see them at your closing. You’ll also want to carefully review them — and all the forms you see — before you sign for your loan.
Looking for an affordable option for a home mortgage loan? SoFi can help: We offer low down payments (as little as 3% – 5%*) with our competitive and flexible home mortgage loans. Plus, applying is extra convenient: It’s online, with access to one-on-one help.
SoFi Mortgages: simple, smart, and so affordable.
FAQ
Do you need a promissory note and a mortgage to buy a house?
Usually, yes. But you might have a promissory note without a mortgage if you’re using an unsecured loan from a family member, a friend, or the seller.
Is a promissory note the same as a loan?
A promissory note is part of a formal loan agreement. It contains a promise from the borrower to repay a specific amount of money to the lender under designated terms.
What is the purpose of a promissory note in real estate?
The promissory note helps formalize the terms of a real estate loan, including the length of the loan, the interest rate, how and when payments should be made, and what happens if the borrower defaults.
Does a promissory note create a lien?
No. A promissory note obligates the borrower to repay the loan, but it does not “collateralize,” or secure, the loan to the property.
Photo credit: iStock/nortonrsx
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*SoFi requires Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI) for conforming home loans with a loan-to-value (LTV) ratio greater than 80%. As little as 3% down payments are for qualifying first-time homebuyers only. 5% minimum applies to other borrowers. Other loan types may require different fees or insurance (e.g., VA funding fee, FHA Mortgage Insurance Premiums, etc.). Loan requirements may vary depending on your down payment amount, and minimum down payment varies by loan type.
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Borrower Outreach, Servicing Oversight Products; TPO News; Bank Merger Announced; Brokers and RESPA
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Borrower Outreach, Servicing Oversight Products; TPO News; Bank Merger Announced; Brokers and RESPA
By: Rob Chrisman
Mon, Apr 29 2024, 11:52 AM
“I accidentally rubbed ketchup in my eyes. Now I have Heinzsight.” In terms of foresight, looking ahead, there are some interesting things going on out there in Mortgage Land! How ‘bout the CapitalW Collective non-profit for women in mortgage capital markets? And Beeline’s Miguel Vega has been in the press lately with, “The Dream of Owning a Piece of America is a Dominant Theme in the Latino Community” and the company launching a Spanish-language version of its home loan experience this week. Something else that continues to be “interesting” is the question, “Are brokers violating RESPA every day?” This question is asked because brokering is a referral of a customer to a lender, right? HUD identified fourteen services normally performed in the origination of a loan (Section II, subsection C of the link above), and brokers usually do five out of the fourteen services, including taking the application, to get around RESPA. Mortgage attorney Brian Levy addresses the broker/RESPA issue in “RESPA, a whole(sale) lot of trouble.” Brokers, be careful that you’re the person actually originating the loan in terms of regulations! (Found here, this week’s podcasts are sponsored by Essex Mortgage. Essex specializes in providing exceptional mortgage subservicing solutions tailored to meet your specific needs. Looking to capitalize on your excess servicing strip? Check out Essex’s servicing offerings today!)
Lender and Broker Products, Software, and Services
In today’s regulatory environment, audits seem to be nonstop: Is your team ready? Clayton’s Servicing Oversight specialists can support your associates as they prepare for regulatory, GSE and investor audits, including customer contact evaluations, yearly validation of PRCI and RCSA and focuses on loss mitigation and foreclosure. Whether you need staff augmentation or help with audit responses, our experts are there for you. Clayton’s Servicing Oversight team provides audit support services across the entire mortgage servicing lifecycle. Contact Clayton’s Samantha Shanaberger to learn more about how Clayton Servicing Oversight can help your team tackle audits.
Winning Agent Business: The lender’s guide to building a strong referral network, updated for 2024! In the aftermath of the NAR ruling, agents are more incentivized than ever to show their clients value. That means they’re actively looking to partner with top-tier lenders in their market. Want to take advantage and grow your referral business? Maxwell just updated its Winning Agent Business eBook with new tips straight from agents to help you better network to create a strong funnel of referral leads. Download your free copy to learn qualities agents value in their lending partners, networking dos and don’ts, ways to become a go-to lender, and more.
In today’s competitive purchase market, the lenders who stand out are providing excellent, personalized, and consistent communication. This approach is key to attracting new business, keeping your current borrowers happy and retaining clients for life. In our new blog, we’re sharing how the Surefire℠ CRM and Mortgage Marketing Engine can help you streamline and improve your borrower outreach even further, so you’re prepared to thrive in today’s competitive purchase market. And by leveraging both Surefire and Encompass®, you’re able to deliver targeted content to the right contacts at the right moment. Read the full blog to gain all the insights.
Mergers and Acquisitions
UMB Financial Corporation (Nasdaq: UMBF) and Heartland Financial, USA Inc. (Nasdaq: HTLF) announced today that they have entered into a definitive merger agreement under which UMB Financial Corporation (UMB) will acquire Heartland Financial USA, Inc. (HTLF), in an all-stock transaction valued at approximately $2.0 billion.
HTLF is headquartered in Denver and has $19.4 billion in assets, $16.2 billion in total deposits and $12.1 billion in total loans, as of March 31, 2024. The combination of companies will create an entity spanning a 13-state branch footprint, adding California, Minnesota, New Mexico, Iowa and Wisconsin to UMB’s existing eight-state footprint, which includes Missouri, Illinois, Colorado, Kansas, Oklahoma, Nebraska, Arizona and Texas.
Within its 11-state footprint, HTLF does business as: Minnesota Bank & Trust, Wisconsin Bank & Trust, Dubuque Bank & Trust, Illinois Bank & Trust, Bank of Blue Valley, Citywide Banks, Premier Valley Bank, Arizona Bank & Trust, New Mexico Bank & Trust and First Bank & Trust.
UMB will host a call for the investment community on Monday, April 29, at 7:30 a.m. (CT) / 8:30 a.m. (ET). Interested parties may access the call by dialing (toll-free) 833-470-1428 or (international) 404-975-4839 and requesting to join the UMB Financial call with access code 397231. The live call may also be accessed by visiting investorrelations.umb.com or by using the following link: UMB Financial Conference Call. A replay of the conference call may be heard through May 13, 2024, by calling (toll-free) 866-813-9403 or (international) 929-458-6194. The replay access code required for playback is 182605. The call replay may also be accessed at investorrelations.umb.com.
If Borrowers Opt Out of DU and LP…?
I ran this note on Friday, and it caused a bit of a stir given the implications so I thought it was worth mentioning again. If this bill passes, what will it do to your underwriter staffing and efficiency?
California, which accounts for 20-25 percent of residential lending in the U.S. is considering AB 2930, basically giving consumers the right to “opt out” of automated underwriting tools. It could massively disrupt lending because of the ubiquitous use of DU/LP. California MBA CEO Susan Milazzo writes, “California MBA has concerns with AB 2930 (Bauer-Kahan), a bill that would require lenders to perform impact assessments related to automated decision tools (ADT), provide borrowers disclosure notices on the use of ADTs, and provide alternative manual underwriting options to consumers upon request. The bill would disrupt the availability of credit for California residents by imposing potentially conflicting regulations upon lenders who are already highly regulated by existing federal and state consumer protection laws, and are subject to regulatory oversight for identifying, monitoring, and controlling the risk of discrimination or bias. (Reach out to Susan with questions or to lend support defeating it.)
TPO and Investor News with Planet Home Details
Pennymac updated Jumbo LLPAs, effective for all Best-Efforts Commitments taken on or after Monday, April 29, 2024. View Pennymac Announcement 24-38 for more information.
In conjunction with enhanced enforcement from the GSEs, Pennymac will begin the review and remediation of inaccurate or improperly executed 4506-Cs at loan delivery. In addition to the requirements and best practices that were provided in Announcement 23-37, new requirements are listed in Pennymac Announcement 24-39.
Plaza Home Mortgage® has made updates in BREEZE: Appraisal Reconsideration new link, VVOE Fee Disclosed Upfront and New Buttons added.
Carrington Mortgage Services (CMS) added to its diverse non-QM lending offerings introducing Individual Taxpayer Identification Loans (ITIN) for its retail, wholesale, and correspondent lending customers. Although historically, borrowers seeking ITIN loans have sometimes been vulnerable to excessive interest rate loans, the ITIN loans offered by Carrington provide access to homeownership at fair interest rates for mortgages and normal terms. The product demonstrates the unique benefits of The Carrington Companies’ position as an asset manager gives homeowners, brokers, and sellers access to the company’s respectable liquidity as well as Carrington’s dedication to continually innovate as market conditions evolve.
ITIN borrowers can buy, refinance or invest in real estate with Carrington Mortgage Services.
Non-U.S. citizens who do not have a Social Security Number, but live and pay taxes in the United States and have an Individual Taxpayer Identification Number (ITIN) can now qualify for Carrington’s full suite of non-QM loan products. ITIN borrowers are now eligible for all four of our non-QM loan programs: Carrington Prime Advantage, Carrington Flexible Advantage Plus, Carrington Flexible Advantage, and Carrington Investor Advantage.
In accordance with the recently announced temporary enhancements the GSEs made to the HomeReady and Home Possible programs, Citi Correspondent Lending is accepting loan submissions for these programs with VLIP credit. View the complete announcement addressing both Best Efforts and Mandatory Desk loans.
Introducing a unique opportunity from Angel Oak Mortgage Solutions, a First Lien Business Bank Statement Home Equity Line of Credit (HELOC) tailored specifically for homeowners who own their homes free and clear. Compelling benefits for these homeowners: Competitive rates and terms, Convenient access to funds for various needs, Streamlined application and approval process. If you have clients who own their homes outright and are interested in leveraging their equity with a First Lien HELOC, Angel Oak Mortgage Solutions can assist.
Planet Financial Group, LLC, parent of national mortgage lender and servicer Planet Home Lending, LLC and Planet Management Group, LLC, had quite a first quarter. In the first three months of the year, Planet earned Fannie Mae’s coveted Servicer Total Achievement and Rewards (STAR™) Program recognition, brought to market a suite of proprietary home loan programs targeting the unique challenges facing today’s homebuyers, was awarded Top Workplace USA for the fourth year in a row, and became the #4 Ginnie Mae correspondent lender and #8 Ginnie Mae servicer. The company saw volume grow by 255 percent for the retail retention division, which continues to hold an 89 percent recapture rate, and sub-servicing AUM increase by 33 percent, $11B of non-agency assets.
Planet’s total servicing portfolio ended the quarter at $106.44 billion, up 2 percent from $104.69 billion in the fourth quarter of 2023. At quarter end, Planet was the #8 Ginnie Mae servicer, and #14 servicer overall, according to Refinitiv. Since 2019, Planet’s Servicing division has posted a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 42 percent. Residential sub-servicing volume ended the quarter at $10.8 billion, up 33 percent from $7.2 billion at quarter end 2023. Planet manages and services a diverse range of residential and commercial asset classes, including non-QM, Debt Service Coverage Ratio loans, Residential Transition Loans, small-balance commercial properties, multifamily and Single-Family Rental. Planet moved into the Top 10 nonprime servicers and the Top 20 non-agency MBS issuers. Over the past year, Planet’s market share in nonprime has more than doubled from 1.1 percent to 2.4 percent, the latest available Inside Nonconforming Markets data shows.
Planet’s residential origination volume was $4.39 billion for Q1 2024, down 6 percent from the prior quarter, on par with the MBA’s projection for overall origination volume. Recapture originations increased to $323 million in Q1 2024, a rise of 255 percent compared to $91 million in Q4 2023. Planet’s verified recapture rate continued to outpace industry benchmarks, rising to 89 percent for loans originated by the company’s retail branches and 62 percent overall.
Correspondent volume was $3.94 billion, down 11 percent from the prior quarter volume of $4.41 billion. Planet’s correspondent market share rose from 4.2 percent at yearend 2022 to 6.0 percent at yearend 2023, according to the latest data available from Inside Mortgage Finance. Since 2019, the Correspondent division’s CAGR was 32 percent.
The correspondent customer base held steady despite continuing M&A activity and exits in the retail market. Nearly two-thirds of Planet’s correspondent partners lock loans on a monthly basis. Ending the quarter, Planet was the #5 correspondent lender overall and the #4 government correspondent lender, according to data from Refinitiv.
Capital Markets
Last week we learned that in the first quarter Gross Domestic Product growth fell short of expectations at a 1.6 percent annualized pace despite strong consumer spending. Personal consumption increased by 2.5 percent, driven by a 4 percent rise in spending on services. Personal incomes rose by 0.5 percent, while personal consumption increased by 0.8 percent, driven by healthcare and housing. The Personal Consumption Expenditure (PCE) deflator reading rose to a 3.7 percent annualized rate, but March’s personal income report suggested inflation peaked in January and didn’t steadily rise throughout the quarter.
Accordingly, this news, and the news for some months now, suggests that the Fed is expected to remain patient in shifting to a less restrictive monetary policy, with markets adjusting expectations to fewer rate cuts later in the year. Separately and fortunately, home builders are still delivering completed homes despite higher rates, evidenced by new home sales being up 8.8 percent in March.
It’s a big week this week for scheduled economic news, as all eyes will be on the Federal Reserve on Wednesday and the jobs report on Friday. Investors will look for more direction on whether the economy is heating or cooling as well as the Fed’s updated thoughts on inflation. Other highlights this week include the Quarterly Refunding announcement, house prices, consumer confidence, PMIs, ADP employment, construction spending, productivity / unit labor costs, and factory orders. The week gets off to a quiet start with one data point due out later today, the non-market moving Dallas Fed Texas manufacturing for April. We begin the last week of April with Agency MBS prices better .125-.250 from Friday’s close, the 10-year yielding 4.61 after closing Friday at 4.67 percent, and the 2-year at 4.97.
Brokers Wanted
“Mortgage Brokers! 2024 is the year to grow and we want you to join our movement, the #KindMovement! Hear from subject matter experts and leaders about market trends, broker technology, and what’s happening here at Kind and within the mortgage industry. Join us on Friday, May 10th at noon PST (2 CST/3 EST) and hear from our very own Kind Ambassadors, Mary Malloy, EVP of Capital Markets, Mark Russell, CTO and technology visionary, and Delfino Aguilar, Chief Production Officer of TPO. Visit our events page to register and reserve your seat or click here! We hope to see you there!”
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WASHINGTON, D.C. (April 26, 2024) – Homebuyer affordability declined in March, with the national median payment applied for by purchase applicants increasing slightly to $2,201 from $2,184 in February. This is according to the Mortgage Bankers Association’s (MBA) Purchase Applications Payment Index (PAPI), which measures how new monthly mortgage payments vary across time – relative to income – using data from MBA’s Weekly Applications Survey (WAS).
“Homebuyer affordability conditions remain volatile as recent economic data continues to show that the economy and job market are strong. These factors will keep mortgage rates at elevated levels for the near future, sidelining some prospective buyers from entering the housing market,” said Edward Seiler, MBA’s Associate Vice President, Housing Economics, and Executive Director, Research Institute for Housing America. “While rates remain elevated and housing supply is low, we do expect to see renewed activity as mortgage rates decline to low-to-mid 6 percent range by the end of the year.”
An increase in MBA’s PAPI – indicative of declining borrower affordability conditions – means that the mortgage payment to income ratio (PIR) is higher due to increasing application loan amounts, rising mortgage rates, or a decrease in earnings. A decrease in the PAPI – indicative of improving borrower affordability conditions – occurs when loan application amounts decrease, mortgage rates decrease, or earnings increase.
The national PAPI (Figure 1) increased 0.8 percent to 174.2 in March from 172.8 in February. Median earnings were up 3.5 percent compared to one year ago, and while payments increased 5.2 percent, the strong earnings growth means that the PAPI is up 1.6 percent on an annual basis. For borrowers applying for lower-payment mortgages (the 25th percentile), the national mortgage payment increased to $1,488 in March from $1,473 in February.
The Builders’ Purchase Application Payment Index (BPAPI) showed that the median mortgage payment for purchase mortgages from MBA’s Builder Application Survey increased to $2,556 in March from $2,534 in February.
Additional Key Findings of MBA’s Purchase Applications Payment Index (PAPI) – March 2024
The national median mortgage payment was $2,201 in March—up $17 from February. It is up by $108 from one year ago, equal to an 5.2% increase.
The national median mortgage payment for FHA loan applicants was $1,898 in March, up from $1,872 in February and up from $1,755 in March 2023.
The national median mortgage payment for conventional loan applicants was $2,222, up from $2,194 in February and up from $2,145 in March 2023.
The top five states with the highest PAPI were: Nevada (261.5), Idaho (256.9), Arizona (229.9), Florida (219.1), and Washington (218.2).
The top five states with the lowest PAPI were: Connecticut (128.5), Louisiana (130.7), Alaska (137.3), DC (138.6), and New York (138.6).
Homebuyer affordability decreased for Black households, with the national PAPI increasing from 179.0 in February to 180.4 in March.
Homebuyer affordability decreased for Hispanic households, with the national PAPI increasing from 165.1 in February to 166.4 in March.
Homebuyer affordability decreased for White households, with the national PAPI increasing from 175.5 in February to 176.8 in March.
About MBA’s Purchase Applications Payment Index
The Mortgage Bankers Association’s Purchase Applications Payment Index (PAPI) measures how new mortgage payments vary across time relative to income. Higher index values indicate that the mortgage payment to income ratio (PIR) is higher than in a month where the index is lower. Contrary to other affordability indexes that make multiple assumptions about mortgage underwriting criteria to estimate mortgage payment level, PAPI directly uses MBA’s Weekly Applications Survey (WAS) data to calculate mortgage payments.
PAPI uses usual weekly earnings data from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics’ Current Population Survey (CPS). Usual weekly earnings represent full-time wage and salary earnings before taxes and other deductions and include any overtime pay, commissions, or tips usually received. Note that data are not seasonally adjusted.
MBA’s Builders’ Purchase Application Payment Index (BPAPI) uses MBA’s Builder Application Survey (BAS) data to create an index that measures how new mortgage payments vary across time relative to income, with a focus exclusively on newly built single-family homes. As with PAPI, higher index values indicate that the mortgage payment to income ratio (PIR) is higher than in a month where the index is lower. To create BPAPI, principal and interest payment amounts are deflated by the same earnings series as in PAPI.
The rent data series calculated for MBA’s national mortgage payment to rent ratio (MPRR) comes from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Housing Vacancies and Homeownership (HVS) survey’s median asking rent. The HVS data is quarterly, and as such, the mortgage payment to rent ratio will be updated quarterly. The HVS data is quarterly, and as such, the mortgage payment to rent ratio will be updated quarterly. MPRR data was not included in the March 2024 data.
For additional information on MBA’s Purchase Applications Payment Index, click here.
A term conversion rider in life insurance is a feature that gives you the option to convert a term life policy into a permanent life policy without new medical underwriting. Some term life policies automatically include a conversion option. Others require you to pay extra for this life insurance rider, and some policies may not offer it at all.
Term life insurance covers you for only a specific period of time, usually between 10 and 30 years. If you outlive the policy’s term, your coverage expires. Permanent life policies like whole life insurance often provide lifelong coverage, extending to a maximum age such as 100 or 121. But these types of policies are usually far more expensive than term life insurance because in addition to permanent insurance, they have a savings component called cash value.
A term conversion rider lets you lock in the ability to buy permanent coverage in the future, while allowing you to pay lower term life premium rates. You may want to secure the option to obtain permanent life insurance in case your health or financial obligations change. Or perhaps you can only afford term insurance now, but you’re hoping you’ll make more money and will be able to buy permanent life insurance later.
How much does it cost to convert a term policy?
Usually there’s no fee for converting your term policy to a permanent one, but you can expect your premiums to increase significantly. Since a term conversion rider doesn’t require new underwriting or a life insurance medical exam, your health status won’t affect your premiums. Your age will be a factor in how much you pay, though.
You may have a limited window for converting your policy. For example, some policies require you to exercise your conversion option before you turn 65, at least 18 months before the end of the policy, or in the first five or 10 years of your policy’s term. With other policies, the conversion provision remains in force until the policy expires.
Many insurers allow for a partial conversion, which leaves you with two separate policies: your remaining term policy (with a lower life insurance face value) and your new permanent policy.
Be aware that when you convert, you typically can’t choose from all the permanent policies an insurer may offer. You’ll probably have only one conversion option, and it may not be the right policy for you. It’s a good idea to check out other permanent life insurance options on the marketplace, especially if you’re in good health.
A term conversion rider can give you additional flexibility in case you need to purchase permanent coverage in the future. If you’re interested in a policy that includes this rider, consult with a life insurance agent or broker.